A Novel Survey Analysis on Energy-Aware Routing Protocols for Manet Applications

MANET system applications in today situation consumes larger amounts of energy this energy becomes an important parameter and scarce resource in MANETS This energy consumption has to be reduced and harvested in the communication devices for efficient usage of energy and power Different energy aware and harvesting strategies have been devised using various protocols to achieve the reduction and minimised usage of the available energy and power resources This paper surveys and illustrates the differences of various Energy aware Routing Protocol used in MANETS based on the matrices used These protocols provide some awareness in optimizing the Energy and Power Resources and limit the consumption when nodes are idle This intern increases the life time of the node and improves the performance widely investigating the energy efficiency protocols for adhoc infrastructure less MANET environmen

QoS Evaluation of SIP Signalled VoIP Network Routed using MANET Routing Protocols

A Mobile ad hoc network MANET is a type of network which consists of group of mobile nodes which are wireless and do not have fixed architecture The nodes act as a router and depict the nature of dynamism The three different classification of protocols in MANETS supports different applications But to support real time applications like voice signalling and video signalling we require the most efficient protocol that gives the QoS mechanism Voice and video signalling demand to know the performance of different metrics in the network such as end-to-end delay overall throughput of network and jitter of the network This paper works on identifying and analyzing the performance of various protocols like AODV DSR OLSR and TORA which would help in fulfilling the mentioned need Voice over Internet Protocol VoIP also known as IP telephony is a class of technologies used to deliver voice and multimedia sessions over internet protocol network

Jednostavna RP-HPLC metoda za određivanje kombinacije triju lijekova, valsartana, amlodipina i hidroklorotiazida, u humanoj plazmi

A simple RP-HPLC method for the quantification of valsartan (VAL), amlodipine (AML) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in human plasma was developed and validated. VAL, AML and HCT were resolved using a Gemini C18 column and mobile phase gradient starting from 20 % acetonitrile and 80 % 10 mmol L1 ammonium formate (V/V, pH 3.5 ± 0.2, by formic acid) to 70 % acetonitrile and 30 % 10 mmol L1 ammonium formate, over 20 minutes with a flow rate of 1 mL min1. The samples were purified by protein precipitation and extraction. Telmisartan was used as internal standard. The method was validated according to USFDA and EMEA guidelines with good reproducibility and linear responses R = 0.9985 (VAL), 0.9964 (AML), and 0.9971 (HCT). RSDs of intra- and inter-day precision ranged between 2.28.1 and 4.611.7 %, respectively, for all three drugs. Mean extraction recoveries of three QCs for the triple drug combination were 76.5 (VAL), 72.0 (AML) and 73.0 (HCT) % for human plasma. Although the LC-MS/MS method is more sensitive than HPLC, HPLC is still suitable for preliminary pharmacokinetic study. The experiments performed demonstrated that simultaneous determination of all components of the triple drug combination in human plasma can be done by this method. Proposed method can be also used for guidance to the LC-MS/MS method.U radu je opisana i validirana jednostavna RP-HPLC metoda za određivanje valsartana (VAL), amlodipina (AML) i hidroklorotiazida (HCT) u humanoj plazmi. VAL, AML i HCT razlučeni su na koloni Gemini C18. Početni sastav mobilne faze bio je acetonitril (20 %) i 10 mmol L1 otopina amonijevog formijata (80 %, V/V, pH podešen na 3,5 ± 0,2 pomoću mravlje kiseline), a nakon 20 minuta 70 % acetonitrila i 30 % 10 mmol L1 amonijevog formijata, uz protok od 1 mL min1. Uzorci su pročišćeni taloženjem proteina i ekstrakcijom. Telmisartan je upotrijebljen kao unutarnji standard. Metoda je validirana prema uputama USFDA i EMEA uz dobru ponovljivost i linearnost: R = 0.9985 (VAL), 0.9964 (AML), and 0.9971 (HCT). Ponovljivost i intermedijarna preciznost bile su u rasponu 2,28,1, odnosno 4,611,7 % za sve tri ljekovite tvari. Srednji povrat ekstrakcije iz humane plazme za ovu kombinaciju lijekova iznosio je 76,5 (VAL), 72,0 (AML) i 73,0 (HCT) %. Iako je LC-MS/MS metoda osjetljivija od HPLC metode, HPLC je prihvatljiva za preliminarna farmakokinetička ispitivanja. Provedeni pokusi pokazuju da se predloženom metodom mogu istodobno odrediti sastavnice trostruke kombinacije lijekova u humanoj plazmi. Predložena metoda može biti korisna smjernica za LC-MS/MS metodu

Entropic Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of the Flow Past Square Cylinder

Minimal Boltzmann kinetic models, such as lattice Boltzmann, are often used as an alternative to the discretization of the Navier-Stokes equations for hydrodynamic simulations. Recently, it was argued that modeling sub-grid scale phenomena at the kinetic level might provide an efficient tool for large scale simulations. Indeed, a particular variant of this approach, known as the entropic lattice Boltzmann method (ELBM), has shown that an efficient coarse-grained simulation of decaying turbulence is possible using these approaches. The present work investigates the efficiency of the entropic lattice Boltzmann in describing flows of engineering interest. In order to do so, we have chosen the flow past a square cylinder, which is a simple model of such flows. We will show that ELBM can quantitatively capture the variation of vortex shedding frequency as a function of Reynolds number in the low as well as the high Reynolds number regime, without any need for explicit sub-grid scale modeling. This extends the previous studies for this set-up, where experimental behavior ranging from $Re\sim O(10)$ to $Re\leq 1000$ were predicted by a single simulation algorithm.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Applications of raman spectroscopy in dentistry part II: Soft tissue analysis

Raman spectroscopy is rapidly moving from an experimental technique for the analysis of biological molecules to a tool for the real-time clinical diagnosis and in situ evaluation of the oral tissue in medical and dental research. The purpose of this study is to identify various applications of Raman spectroscopy, to evaluate the contemporary status and to explore future directions in the field of dentistry. Several in-depth applications are presented to illustrate Raman spectroscopy in early diagnosis of soft tissue abnormalities. Raman spectroscopy allows to analyze histological and biochemical composition of biological tissues. The technique not only demonstrates its role in the disclosure of dysplasia and malignancy but also in performing guided biopsies, diagnosing sialoliths, and assessment of surgical margins. Raman spectroscopy is used to identify the molecular structures and its components to give substantial information about the chemical structure properties of these molecules. In this paper, we acquaint the utilization of Raman spectroscopy in analyzing the soft tissues in relation to dentistry

A Review of Metallothionein Isoforms and their Role in Pathophysiology

The Metallothionein (MT) is a protein which has several interesting biological effects and has been demonstrated increase focus on the role of MT in various biological systems in the past three decades. The studies on the role of MT were limited with few areas like apoptosis and antioxidants in selected organs even fifty years after its discovery. Now acknowledge the exploration of various isoforms of MT such as MT-I, MT-II, MT-III and MT-IV and other isoforms in various biological systems

A bibliography of parasites and diseases of marine and freshwater fishes of India

With the increasing demand for fish as human food, aquaculture both in freshwater and salt water is rapidly developing over the world. In the developing countries, fishes are being raised as food. In many countries fish farming is a very important economic activity. The most recent branch, mariculture, has shown advances in raising fishes in brackish, estuarine and bay waters, in which marine, anadromous and catadromous fishes have successfully been grown and maintained