Implementation of Integrated Wireless Network and MATLAB System to Control Autonomous Mobile Robot: Implementation of Integrated Wireless Network and MATLAB System to Control Autonomous Mobile Robot

In this article a wireless network using Xbee modules is designed and applied for autonomous mobile robot combined with GUI (Graphical User Interface) in MATLAB. The GUI panel and control structure in MATLAB allows to monitor and control all remote robots online by operator. Results and calculated solutions from MATLAB are directed back to autonomous mobile robot for Its performances and communications in the real time. This paper discovers a secure wireless network and low-cost with powerful data processes supportive to remote micro-controllers on autonomous mobile robot

Measurement-induced entanglement and teleportation on a noisy quantum processor

Measurement has a special role in quantum theory: by collapsing the wavefunction it can enable phenomena such as teleportation and thereby alter the "arrow of time" that constrains unitary evolution. When integrated in many-body dynamics, measurements can lead to emergent patterns of quantum information in space-time that go beyond established paradigms for characterizing phases, either in or out of equilibrium. On present-day NISQ processors, the experimental realization of this physics is challenging due to noise, hardware limitations, and the stochastic nature of quantum measurement. Here we address each of these experimental challenges and investigate measurement-induced quantum information phases on up to 70 superconducting qubits. By leveraging the interchangeability of space and time, we use a duality mapping, to avoid mid-circuit measurement and access different manifestations of the underlying phases -- from entanglement scaling to measurement-induced teleportation -- in a unified way. We obtain finite-size signatures of a phase transition with a decoding protocol that correlates the experimental measurement record with classical simulation data. The phases display sharply different sensitivity to noise, which we exploit to turn an inherent hardware limitation into a useful diagnostic. Our work demonstrates an approach to realize measurement-induced physics at scales that are at the limits of current NISQ processors

Improved functionalization of oleic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can providemultiple benefits for biomedical applications in aqueous environments such asmagnetic separation or magnetic resonance imaging. To increase the colloidal stability and allow subsequent reactions, the introduction of hydrophilic functional groups onto the particles’ surface is essential. During this process, the original coating is exchanged by preferably covalently bonded ligands such as trialkoxysilanes. The duration of the silane exchange reaction, which commonly takes more than 24 h, is an important drawback for this approach. In this paper, we present a novel method, which introduces ultrasonication as an energy source to dramatically accelerate this process, resulting in high-quality waterdispersible nanoparticles around 10 nmin size. To prove the generic character, different functional groups were introduced on the surface including polyethylene glycol chains, carboxylic acid, amine, and thiol groups. Their colloidal stability in various aqueous buffer solutions as well as human plasma and serum was investigated to allow implementation in biomedical and sensing applications.status: publishe

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Automatic detection of gaze convergence in multimodal collaboration: a dual eye-tracking technology

The paper analyses the advantages and limitations of the current technical solutions for dual eye-tracking (DUET) in relation to the research questions from educational science about joint attention in a multimodal teaching/learning collaboration. The insufficiency of the current systems for the analysis of multimodal collaboration is stated as the reviewed systems do not allow researchers to relate a participant’s eye movements to the video from their joint performance and accompanying gestures without time consuming manual coding. We describe a system of two low-cost Pupil-Labs eyetrackers and propose an open source utility DUET for Pupil that automatically produces synchronized gaze data in the shared system of coordinates. The data are available in the form of a video from the surface that is overlaid by gaze paths with supplementary sound waveforms and as textual data with synchronized coordinates of the two gazes. Our empirical evaluation of this technological solution reports 1.27 ° of visual angle as the spatial accuracy of the system after post-hoc calibration. The advantages, limitations, and further possible enhancements of the system are discussed

Экстрафовеальный анализ категориально заданных трехмерных фигур

The article outlines the possibilities of extrafoveal analysis during a conceptual visual search, when the target stimulus represents a geometric concept with an unknown form. The previous works have shown that when the target and distractors are widely diverging, the very first saccade is headed towards the target or the answer is given without any saccades, suggesting that the target is recognized extrafoveally. Our experimental design and data analysis intend to reveal extrafoveal processing of visualized concepts while saccades planning. We made the stimuli harder varying two factors: the difficulty of the target shape and its similarity to the distractors to determine the limit of complexity when the stimulus becomes too complex to be processed extrafoveally. Twelve participants with normal or corrected-to-normal vision took part in Experiment 1 and eighteen in Experiment 2. Four images of stereometric shapes were spaced at an equal distance from the center. In the first experiment, we got 2x2 design: the targets were (1) either prisms or pyramids with 3 to 6 base angles (shapes with each amount of angles were presented in an every probe) (2) among either prisms or pyramids as distractors. We received drastically different results for each of four types of the task. When searching for a target prism among pyramids, the observers made a single saccade or even no saccades towards the target. In the task with the target pyramid among prisms, the performance was a bit more difficult. A target prism among other prisms was a yet harder but still a solvable task. At last, searching for the target pyramid among other pyramids was proved to be so challenging that the amount of saccades evidenced the random search for the target shape by most participants. In the second experiment, we investigated the aforementioned last condition; so, 144 sets of pyramids were presented. Additionally, in the last 16 probes the participants were required to avoid any saccades away from the center. The findings revealed similar tendencies with the first experiment; additionally, it has been found that participants have never shown any significant decrease of saccade amount before the target is reached during the whole experiment. Moreover, one participant demonstrated a mean quantity of saccades that was significantly lower than the random one, but this parameter tended to increase from the beginning to the end of the experiment. However, in the last probes in case of fixed eye movements, most participants gave significantly more right answers comparatively to random guessing, the use of extrafoveal analysis was possible for them. Our findings indicate that extrafoveal processing as a part of conceptual visual search appears to be one of the possible behavioral acts in the complex system of perceptual action, rather than a merely low-level mechanism of saccade planning. The choice to use or not to use extrafoveal analysis is based upon comparing the required energy cost, necessity of foveal confirmation and the estimating subjective cost of a mistake

Extrafoveal Processing in Categorical Search for Geometric Shapes: General Tendencies and Individual Variations

The paper addresses the capabilities and limitations of extrafoveal processing during a categorical visual search. Previous research has established that a target could be identified from the very first or without any saccade, suggesting that extrafoveal perception is necessarily involved. However, the limits in complexity defining the processed information are still not clear. We performed four experiments with a gradual increase of stimuli complexity to determine the role of extrafoveal processing in searching for the categorically defined geometric shape. The series of experiments demonstrated a significant role of extrafoveal processing while searching for simple two-dimensional shapes and its gradual decrease in a condition with more complicated three-dimensional shapes. The factors of objects’ spatial orientation and distractor homogeneity significantly influenced both reaction time and the number of saccades required to identify a categorically defined target. An analysis of the individual p-value distributions revealed pronounced individual differences in using extrafoveal analysis and allowed examination of the performance of each particular participant. The condition with the forced prohibition of eye movements enabled us to investigate the efficacy of covert attention in the condition with complicated shapes. Our results indicate that both foveal and extrafoveal processing are simultaneously involved during a categorical search, and the specificity of their interaction is determined by the spatial orientation of objects, type of distractors, the prohibition to use overt attention, and individual characteristics of the participants