Model for Cameron band emission in comets: A case for EPOXI mission target comet 103P/Hartley 2

The CO2 production rate has been derived in comets using the Cameron band (a3Pi - X1Sigma) emission of CO molecule assuming that photodissociative excitation of CO2 is the main production mechanism of CO in a3Pi metastable state. We have devoloped a model for the production and loss of CO(a3Pi) which has been applied to comet 103P/Hartley 2: the target of EPOXI mission. Our model calculations show that photoelectron impact excitation of CO and dissociative excitation of CO2 can together contribute about 60-90% to the Cameron band emission. The modeled brightness of (0-0) Cameron band emission on comet Hartley 2 is consistent with Hubble Space Telescope observations for 3-5% CO2 (depending on model input solar flux) and 0.5% CO relative to water, where photoelectron impact contribution is about 50-75%. We suggest that estimation of CO2 abundances on comets using Cameron band emission may be reconsidered. We predict the height integrated column brightness of Cameron band of ~1300 R during EPOXI mission encounter period.Comment: 3 figure

Outcomes after angiography with sodium bicarbonate and acetylcysteine

Background: Intravenous sodium bicarbonate and oral acetylcysteine are widely used to prevent acute kidney injury and associated adverse outcomes after angiography without definitive evidence of their efficacy. Methods: Using a 2-by-2 factorial design, we randomly assigned 5177 patients at high risk for renal complications who were scheduled for angiography to receive intravenous 1.26% sodium bicarbonate or intravenous 0.9% sodium chloride and 5 days of oral acetylcysteine or oral placebo; of these patients, 4993 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. The primary end point was a composite of death, the need for dialysis, or a persistent increase of at least 50% from baseline in the serum creatinine level at 90 days. Contrast-associated acute kidney injury was a secondary end point. Results: The sponsor stopped the trial after a prespecified interim analysis. There was no interaction between sodium bicarbonate and acetylcysteine with respect to the primary end point (P=0.33). The primary end point occurred in 110 of 2511 patients (4.4%) in the sodium bicarbonate group as compared with 116 of 2482 (4.7%) in the sodium chloride group (odds ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72 to 1.22; P=0.62) and in 114 of 2495 patients (4.6%) in the acetylcysteine group as compared with 112 of 2498 (4.5%) in the placebo group (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.33; P=0.88). There were no significant between-group differences in the rates of contrast-associated acute kidney injury. Conclusions: Among patients at high risk for renal complications who were undergoing angiography, there was no benefit of intravenous sodium bicarbonate over intravenous sodium chloride or of oral acetylcysteine over placebo for the prevention of death, need for dialysis, or persistent decline in kidney function at 90 days or for the prevention of contrast-associated acute kidney injury. (Funded by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development and the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia; PRESERVE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01467466.

CORRELATION BETWEEN LEUKOCYTE TELOMERE LENGTH AND DRUG ELUTING STENT STRUT COVERAGE BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY

El cementiri de Sant Andreu fou inaugurat el 1839 i pertanyia a Sant Andreu del Palomar que formava part del Pla de Barcelona. Sembla que fou la primera població del Pla que va disposar de cementiri desprès de la construcció del de Poblenou

ENSO Cycle Driven Spatio-Temporal Variability of Temperature, Salinity, and Nitrate in in the California Current

Nitrate, temperature, and salinity conditions in the coastal upwelling regions of the California Current System vary on decadal timescales due to El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles. This study examines the quarterly variations in these conditions over the period 1979 to 2018 for CalCOFI cross-shelf transect 80, located at Point Conception. The CalCOFI dataset was indexed by NOAA’s Multivariate ENSO Index version two, climatologies were formed over El Nino, La Nina, and neutral quarters and then anomalies were calculated from these climatologies. Variations are most predominantly visible in the upper 200m of the water column and can be seen both coastally and offshore. Nitrate and temperature varied the greatest in the second quarter, during the period of greatest upwelling. La Nina (El Nino) periods saw greater (lower) concentrations of nitrate in the surface coastal water column. The nitrate-density relationships were similar between El Nino, La Nina and neutral periods and a difference could not be determined

Evidence for an abrupt latest Miocene-earliest Pliocene climate shift preserved in a sinkhole paleolake at the Gray Fossil Site, northeastern Tennessee (Washington County)

Records of Neogene terrestrial climate are rare for the eastern half of North America. The recently discovered Gray Fossil Site (GFS) in northeastern Tennessee (Washington County) appears to be a sinkhole paleolake that preserves such a record. Well-preserved vertebrate GFS fossils strongly suggest a Late Miocene-Early Pliocene (Hemphillian) Land Mammal Age (2:. 4.5 Ma). Three distinct facies occur within the upper 20 m of GFS lacustrine sediment. The graded facies is characterized by continuous succession of individual graded beds that average 0.8 cm thick. This facies contains \u3c I% total organic carbon (TOC), has carbon isotope composition (613C V-PDB) averaging-25.4%0 with values as positive as -24.3%o, and is interpreted to represent deposition from sporadic storm events in a water-stressed ecosystem. The laminated facies overlies the graded facies. The transition between the two facies is marked by: I) the development of a depositional pattern that grades into the laminated facies, 2) an abrupt increase fro

The Role of Fire-Retardant Treated Wood in the Protection of Life and Property

Fire-retardant treated wood is discussed with two approaches to fire protection offered: fire hazard and fire resistance. Descriptive terms used by testing and regulatory agencies are defined. Several of the more commonly accepted test methods used to determine efficiency of fire-retardant treatments in retarding flame spread or resisting burn-through are examined. The roles played by two major impregnated fire-retardant treatments in this accomplishment are described. Sources of information for more detailed study are provide

Evaluating the cost effectiveness of environmental projects: Case studies in aerospace and defense

Using the replacement technology of high pressure waterjet decoating systems as an example, a simple methodology is presented for developing a cost effectiveness model. The model uses a four-step process to formulate an economic justification designed for presentation to decision makers as an assessment of the value of the replacement technology over conventional methods. Three case studies from major U.S. and international airlines are used to illustrate the methodology and resulting model. Tax and depreciation impacts are also presented as potential additions to the model

The influence of learner characteristics on degree and type of participation in a CSCL environment

Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is often presented as a promising learning method. However, it is also facing some new challenges. Apart from answering the question of whether or not working with CSCL generates satisfying learning outcomes, it is important to determine whether or not all participants profit from collaboration, with the computer as a means of communication. This paper describes the implementation and effects of an experimental program in 5 classes with a total of 120 students in elementary education who, in groups of four, engaged in Knowledge Forum discussion tasks on the subject of healthy eating. The study explores whether or not differences occur in the participation of students who differ in gender, sociocultural background and ability, and whether or not computer skills, computer attitudes, comprehensive reading scores and popularity with classmates are related to student participation. Students’ participation in this CSCL environment appears to be dependent on a number of learner characteristics. Girls contribute more words to the discussions than boys do and are more dependent on their computer skills in this production. Students who are good at comprehensive reading also contribute more words. Popularity among classmates appears to influence the degree of participation further. We also found indications that students with immigrant parents write fewer contributions than those whose parents are not immigrants

Traffic Engineering Demonstration Project on U.S. 52 Bypass: Inventory, Analysis and Recommendations : Progress Report

The project reported here was designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of applied traffic engineering for attaining the ultimate operating potential of an arterial highway in a suburban area. Its seeds were in the work done by the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads on Wisconsin Avenue in Washington, D.C. The Wisconsin Avenue Study demonstrated that application of traffic engineering principles could yield significant results in the improvement of traffic operation on an urban arterial street. The present project proposed to demonstrate how these same techniques could yield similar improvements for a different situation, the suburban arterial highway. This type facility was chosen because of its similarity to several situations in Indiana, as well as other states, and the generalized applicability that could thereby be derived. It is felt that results obtained here will be helpful to the State Highway Commission in decisions relating to how to utilize limited available funds for improving existing facilities so as to obtain maximum benefit for each dollar spent. The results will also demonstrate means of obtaining temporary relief for areas badly in need thereof, but for which remedial major construction is currently financially infeasible