Galkhaita

Los análisis de Gal-Khaya y Khaidarkan dieron, respectivamente, Hg 47,60, 49,02; Cu 3,49, 2,85; Zn 3,00, 0,60; Fe 0,31, nada ; Tl 0,46, 2,90; As 23,60, 19,49; Sb 0,59, 5,51; S 21,00, 19,31; Se 3 ppm, 150 ppm; total 100,05, 99,695 %.(...

Хронический риносинусит у взрослых больных муковисцидозом: клинические проявления и подходы к лечению

The aim of this study was to evaluate prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and nasal polyps in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in Russian Federation. Additionally, we investigated the clinical course of CRS and developed the optimal therapeutic strategy.Methods. Three hundred and forty eight CF patients were involved in the study. Physical examination, computed tomography (CT) of paranasal sinuses and audiometry, if needed, were used. CRS and bilateral nasal polyps were diagnosed in 28 patients. Nasal endoscopy, SNOT-20 questionnaire, rhinomanometry, micro - biological examination of sputum and mucus from paranasal sinuses (obtained during puncture or surgery), spirometry, and measurement of serum markers of inflammation were used. Endoscopic sinus surgery was used in 14 patients (the group 1) and others were treated non-surgically (the group 2). Both group were treated during 6 months using intranasal mometasone, mucolytics and antibiotics via PARI SINUSTM nebulizer.Results. An improvement in symptoms, CT signs, rhinomanometry parameters and endoscopic signs was seen in both groups after treatment and was more prominent in the surgical treatment group compared to the non-surgical treatment group. Bacterial load reduction in nasal sinuses, decrease in the rate of pulmonary disease exacerbations, and an improvement in oxygen blood saturation were found in the surgical treatment group only. Treatment of CRS did not affect lung function, sputum microbiology and serum inflammatory markers.Conclusion. Endoscopic sinus surgery followed by intranasal mucolytics and antibacterials is an effective and well-tolerated treatment in adult CF patients with CRS. Хронический риносинусит (ХРС) с полипами носа (ПН) или без таковых распространен среди взрослых больных муковисцидозом (МВ) в 90–100 % случаев. Околоносовые пазухи (ОНП) являются резервуаром хронической инфекции, что отрицательно сказывается на общем состоянии и прогнозе у пациентов с МВ. При этом методы лечения ХРС у больных этой категории в мире определены недостаточно.Целью настоящего исследования явилось определение распространенности ХРС с ПН или без таковых среди взрослых пациентов с МВ в России, изучение особенностей течения ХРС, выработка оптимальной тактики лечения.Материалы и методы. Изучение структуры оториноларингологической патологии выполнялось на выборке пациентов (n = 348) – граждан Российской Федерации (осмотр, опрос, компьютерная томография (КТ) пазух носа и аудиометрия по показаниям). Изучение ХРС производилось у пациентов (n = 28) с ХРС с ПН II степени с обеих сторон; больные были распределены на 2 равные группы. В обеих группах проведены эндоскопический осмотр, сбор анамнеза и жалоб при помощи опросника SNOT-20, КТ ОНП, риноманометрия, микробиологическое исследование мокроты и образцов из ОНП (полученных при пункции или интраоперационно), спирометрия, лабораторное исследование воспалительных маркеров в периферической крови). В 1-й группе (n = 14) выполнена эндоскопическая полисинусотомия, во 2-й – только консервативное лечение. Больные 1-й и 2-й групп получали консервативное лечение в течение 6 мес. (мометазон в полость носа, ингаляции муколитических и антибактериальных препаратов в область пазух носа через PARI SinusTM). Оценены результаты обследования до и после лечения, частота обострений легочной патологии.Результаты. У больных обеих групп выявлено уменьшение жалоб пациентов, достоверное улучшение показателей КТ, риноманометрии, эндоскопической картины. В группе хирургического лечения отмечена более высокая положительная динамика перечисленных показателей. Понижение степени инфицирования патогенной флорой пазух носа и частоты обострений легочной патологии, повышение сатурации периферической крови кислородом и понижение достигнуто только у больных 1-й группы. Лечение ХРС не оказало значимого влияния на показатели спирометрии, микробный состав мокроты и уровень маркеров воспаления в периферической крови.Заключение. Эндоскопическая полисинустотомия с последующей муколитической и антибактериальной терапией области пазух носа является эффективным и хорошо переносимым методом лечения ХРС для взрослых больных МВ.

Improved functionalization of oleic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can providemultiple benefits for biomedical applications in aqueous environments such asmagnetic separation or magnetic resonance imaging. To increase the colloidal stability and allow subsequent reactions, the introduction of hydrophilic functional groups onto the particles’ surface is essential. During this process, the original coating is exchanged by preferably covalently bonded ligands such as trialkoxysilanes. The duration of the silane exchange reaction, which commonly takes more than 24 h, is an important drawback for this approach. In this paper, we present a novel method, which introduces ultrasonication as an energy source to dramatically accelerate this process, resulting in high-quality waterdispersible nanoparticles around 10 nmin size. To prove the generic character, different functional groups were introduced on the surface including polyethylene glycol chains, carboxylic acid, amine, and thiol groups. Their colloidal stability in various aqueous buffer solutions as well as human plasma and serum was investigated to allow implementation in biomedical and sensing applications.status: publishe

Effects of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular effects of adding once-weekly treatment with exenatide to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown. METHODS: We randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes, with or without previous cardiovascular disease, to receive subcutaneous injections of extended-release exenatide at a dose of 2 mg or matching placebo once weekly. The primary composite outcome was the first occurrence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. The coprimary hypotheses were that exenatide, administered once weekly, would be noninferior to placebo with respect to safety and superior to placebo with respect to efficacy. RESULTS: In all, 14,752 patients (of whom 10,782 [73.1%] had previous cardiovascular disease) were followed for a median of 3.2 years (interquartile range, 2.2 to 4.4). A primary composite outcome event occurred in 839 of 7356 patients (11.4%; 3.7 events per 100 person-years) in the exenatide group and in 905 of 7396 patients (12.2%; 4.0 events per 100 person-years) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.00), with the intention-to-treat analysis indicating that exenatide, administered once weekly, was noninferior to placebo with respect to safety (P<0.001 for noninferiority) but was not superior to placebo with respect to efficacy (P=0.06 for superiority). The rates of death from cardiovascular causes, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal or nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome, and the incidence of acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and serious adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with type 2 diabetes with or without previous cardiovascular disease, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events did not differ significantly between patients who received exenatide and those who received placebo. (Funded by Amylin Pharmaceuticals; EXSCEL ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01144338 .)

Lysozyme levels in haemolymph of worker bees (Apis mellifera L.) from bee colonies with different degree of expression of hygienic behaviour 1 1 2 3 4

Abstract. A total of 24 bee colonies of apiaries with different business orientation were tested for the degree of expression of hygienic behaviour by modified method, different from the traditionally used for this purpose method. To outline the test field a square sized 5 x 5 cm was used, stuck onto a section of a honey comb with sealed worker brood (the area bounded by the stencil is equal to 100 worker bee cells). The brood in the outlined square is killed by a thin entomological needle by jabbing the sealed cells, without destroying their caps. Depending on the time and extent of cleaning bee colonies are divided into 3 th groups: super hygienic - colonies which of the 24 hour after the jabbing have uncovered and cleaned over 95% of the outlined area; hygienic – colonies which th on the 48 hour after the jabbing have uncovered and cleaned over 95% of the outlined area; non- hygienic – colonies which have cleaned less than 95% of the th cells in the area on the 48 hour. From each bee colony samples of worker bees (200-250 pcs.) have been taken and haemolymph obtained. The amount of lysozyme has been defined at the Reference Laboratory “Honeybee health” at the National Diagnostic Scientific Research Veterinary Medical Institute - Sofia by the method of Motavkina et al. (1979), modified by Kostov et al. (1983). The results obtained show different values for the amount of lysozyme in haemolymph of worker bees, depending on the degree of expression of their hygienic behaviour – 10.49 ± 1.86 μg/ml for the group of super hygienic colonies; 9.11 ± 1.37 μg/ml for the group of hygienic ones; 15.22 ± 2.37 μg/ml for the group of non-hygienic bee colonies, respectively. The established values range from 4.59 μg/ml to 38.28 μg/ml, the greatest variation being in the group of non-hygienic colonies. The data suggests that in positive direction compared to the average for the model is the deviation of LS-means of bee colonies with low level of hygiene (non-hygienic). The reported LS-estimates suggest that in the nonhygienic bee colonies there is a tendency of increase the lysozyme content in the haemolymph

Experimental Trichomonas infection: Morphological aspects

Background. Growth tendency the asymptomatic forms of an urogenital trichomoniasis, frequency of complications from reproductive organs, uncertainty of many aspects of the violations of a spermatogenesis influencing reproductive function all this proves need of search of the urogenital trichomoniasis adequate experimental model. Lack of the corresponding experimental model is limited by our opportunities for carrying out the standardized, controlled researches on studying of transmission, pathogenesis, the immune answer, therapy and development of vaccines at a triсhomonas infection.Objective is studying action of Trichomonas vaginalis on a spermatogenny epithelium the mature of individuals of guinea pigs in the conditions of sharp and chronic experience.Materials and methods. Experiments are made on the “Reproductive System (Guinea Pigs) + Trichomonas vaginalis” modeling the natural course of an infection. In experiment 2 groups of animals: 1st (n = 8) – experimental, 2nd (n = 8) – control were formed. Against the background of the reduction of the immune status (hydrocortisone 125 mg/kg intramuscularly 1 time in day during 2 days) the animals of the 1st group were injected intraurethral suspension containing 1 × 106 Trichomonas on 0.5 ml of culture medium, the animals of the 2nd group – 0.5 ml of medium. Under the condition of the acute experiment the animals were sacrificed on day 9 (the middle of the cycle of spermatogenesis) – I experienced group and on day 30 (full spermatogenic cycle) – II experimental group. The control animals were slaughtered in the same period. The material for histological study was prepared by the traditional way.Results. In an experimental model of “Reproductive system (guinea pigs) + T. vaginalis”, staging and degree of disturbance of spermatogenesis, depending on the duration of trichomonas infection were shown. So, in acute experience morphological changes correspond to changes in the early inflammatory process; in chronic – a violation of stratification layers of seminiferous epithelium, degeneration of the cells, the appearance of binucleate cells. All of this indicate for abnormal cytokinesis with the possibility of blocking the formation of mature sperm

The Role of Certain Polymorphic Variants in Genes, Previously Associated with Blood Pressure Values, with Reference to the Risk of Development of Coronary Artery Disease

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of polymorphic variants previously associated with arterial hypertension (AH) in Genome Wide Association Studies (GWASs) in/next to genes and locuses CYP7A1 and PLEKHA7 on the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Bulgarian patients. A hundred and nine consecutive patients with angiographically documented CAD were studied. The genotyping was done with 7900 HT Fast Real-Time PCR (Applied Biosystems) with TaqMan® method. The control group consisted of 192 healthy population controls, selected from the bio- bank of the Molecular Medicine Center. SPSS and PLINK were used for the statistical analysis with level of significance < 0.05 and confidence interval 95%. The mean age of the studied patients was 63.71 ± 9.35 years; 35 (35%) females. Previous myocardial infarction (MI) had 38(38%); one-vessel – 39 (39%); two-vessel – 28 (28%); three-vessel disease – 34 (34%); 43 (43%) were with diabetes mellitus; 92 (92%) – with arterial hypertension (AH); 77 (77%) – with dyslipidemia; 42 (42%) were smokers; 25 (25%) were obese. We did not find any significant association between CAD and poly- morphism rs11191548 near CYP17A1 and only a tendency for genotype of rs381815 in PLEKHA7 (p = 0.06; OR 0.64; CI 0.40-1.02 for CAD) under dominant model. This is of practical importance both for studying the genetic aspects of CAD in the future and for enlargement of the current database