The Angular Momentum and g_1^p Sum Rules for the Proton

The gauge invariant operator formulation of the angular momentum sum rule ${1\over2} = J_q + J_g$ for the proton is presented and contrasted with the sum rule for the first moment of the polarised structure function $g_1^p$. The decoupling of the axial charge $a^0$ from the angular momentum sum rule is highlighted and the possible QCD field-theoretic basis for an angular momentum sum rule of the form {1\over2} = {1\over2}\D q + \D g + L_q + L_g is critically discussed.Comment: 5 pages, LaTeX, uses espcrc2.sty; invited talk at QCD00, Montpellier, July 200

KIDS COUNT Indicator Brief: Increasing the Percentage of Children Whose Parents Have Stable Employment

Outlines how living without a parent working full-time year-round can affect children's development. Details workforce development strategies such as comprehensive employment and educational services for low-skill workers and expanded childcare options

KIDS COUNT Indicator Brief: Reducing the Teen Death Rate

Reviews data on causes of teen deaths and outlines strategies for improving motor vehicle safety; preventing violence, risky behavior, and suicide; supporting role models; and enhancing families' and communities' capacity to support healthy development

KIDS COUNT Indicator Brief: Preventing Low Birthweight

Outlines trends in low birthweight and preterm births and offers prevention strategies such as expanding access to comprehensive health care, ensuring good nutrition for pregnant women, and addressing demographic, social, and environmental risk factors

KIDS COUNT Indicator Brief: Reducing the High School Dropout Rate

Outlines the economic costs of dropping out of high school and proposes dropout prevention strategies, such as taking a long-term approach starting with school readiness, enhancing schools' holding power, and addressing outside factors and at-risk groups

A Local Effective Action for Photon-Gravity Interactions

Quantum phenomena such as vacuum polarisation in curved spacetime induce interactions between photons and gravity with quite striking consequences, including the violation of the strong equivalence principle and the apparent prediction of `superluminal' photon propagation. These quantum interactions can be encoded in an effective action. In this paper, we extend previous results on the effective action for QED in curved spacetime due to Barvinsky, Vilkovisky and others and present a new, local effective action valid to all orders in a derivative expansion, as required for a full analysis of the quantum theory of high-frequency photon propagation in gravitational fields.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures, harvmac Te

Reforming the Juvenile in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century England

In a recent Green Paper on punishment, rehabilitation and sentencing the coalition government promised a ‘rehabilitation revolution’ in relation to its plans for dealing with offending by young people, ‘We must do better so that we can stop the young offenders of today becoming the prolific adult offenders of tomorrow’.1 An emphasis on prevention, on restorative justice, and on informal intervention points to successive governments concerns about the juvenile prison population. The proposed alternative to youth custody, the Young Offenders Academy, will instead focus on community and localism, harnessing integrated education, mental health and family services in order to focus on the education and development of the children.2 However, the ethos of a more child-centred approach to the penality of juvenile delinquents is not an innovation. Historically, the development of juvenile penal institutions has weaved a course between the needs of the children and the potential for reform on the one hand, and the political and public demands for retribution in the form of custodial sentences on the other

Pseudoscalar Meson Decay Constants and Couplings, the Witten-Veneziano Formula beyond large N_c, and the Topological Susceptibility

The QCD formulae for the radiative decays \eta,\eta'\to\c\c, and the corresponding Dashen--Gell-Mann--Oakes--Renner relations, differ from conventional PCAC results due to the gluonic $U(1)_A$ axial anomaly. This introduces a critical dependence on the gluon topological susceptibility. In this paper, we revisit our earlier theoretical analysis of radiative pseudoscalar decays and the DGMOR relations and extract explicit experimental values for the decay constants. This is our main result. The flavour singlet DGMOR relation is the generalisation of the Witten-Veneziano formula beyond large $N_c$, so we are able to give a quantitative assessment of the realisation of the $1/N_c$ expansion in the $U(1)_A$ sector of QCD. Applications to other aspects of $\eta'$ physics, including the relation with the first moment sum rule for the polarised photon structure function g_1^\c, are highlighted. The $U(1)_A$ Goldberger-Treiman relation is extended to accommodate SU(3) flavour breaking and the implications of a more precise measurement of the $\eta$ and $\eta'$-nucleon couplings are discussed. A comparison with the existing literature on pseudoscalar meson decay constants using large-$N_c$ chiral Lagrangians is also made.Comment: 27 pages, 4 figure

Criminality and Englishness in the aftermath: The racecourse wars of the 1920s

This article explores the extent to which post-war concerns about Englishness and fears about ‘the enemy within’ shaped understandings of the ‘racecourse wars’ of the 1920s. These conflicts involved mainly metropolitan criminals in various affrays and fights on the streets of London, and on the racecourses of South-East England. The press coverage of the events has been described as akin to a ‘moral panic’ and certainly they provided serious headline fodder during the peaks of 1922 and 1925. Moreover, the key personnel of these ‘wars’, arguably dramatically overwritten by the press, have become signposts in the chronology of twentieth-century British organized crime. This article will draw upon newspaper reports, police autobiography, trial reports, Metropolitan Police records and correspondence with the army to explore concerns about the nature and prevalence of gang crime and forms of inter-personal violence