Third-order Perturbation Theory With Non-linear Pressure

We calculate the non-linear matter power spectrum using the 3rd-order perturbation theory without ignoring the pressure gradient term. We consider a semi-realistic system consisting of two matter components with and without pressure, and both are expanded into the 3rd order in perturbations in a self-consistent manner, for the first time. While the pressured component may be identified with baryons or neutrinos, in this paper we mainly explore the physics of the non-linear pressure effect using a toy model in which the Jeans length does not depend on time, i.e., the sound speed decreases as 1/a^{1/2}, where a is the scale factor. The linear analysis shows that the power spectrum below the so-called filtering scale is suppressed relative to the power spectrum of the cold dark matter. Our non-linear calculation shows that the actual filtering scale for a given sound speed is smaller than the linear filtering scale by a factor depending on the redshift and the Jeans length. A ~40% change is common, and our results suggest that, when applied to baryons, the temperature of the Inter-galactic Medium inferred from the filtering scale observed in the flux power spectrum of Lyman-alpha forests would be underestimated by a factor of two, if one used the linear filtering scale to interpret the data. The filtering mass, which is proportional to the filtering scale cubed, can also be significantly smaller than the linear theory prediction especially at low redshift, where the actual filtering mass can be smaller than the linear prediction by a factor of three. Finally, when applied to neutrinos, we find that neutrino perturbations deviate significantly from linear perturbations even below the free-streaming scales, and thus neutrinos cannot be treated as linear perturbations.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Ap

Valproic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, enhances radiosensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

13301甲第3917号博士（医学）金沢大学博士論文要旨Abstract 以下に掲載：International Journal of Oncology 40(6) pp.2140-2146 2012. Spandidos Publications. 共著者：Masatoshi Shoji, Itasu Ninomiya, Isamu Makino, Jun Kinoshita, Keishi Nakamura, Katsunobu Oyama, Hisatoshi Nakagawara, Hideto Fujita, Hidehiro Tajima, Hiroyuki Takamura, Hirohisa Kitagawa, Sachio Fushida, Shinichi Harada, Takashi Fujimura, and Tetsuo Oht

The Awareness of Death and Role of Death Cafe

本稿では、多死社会と言われる現代社会における死を、bereavement（親しい人との死別）に伴うgrief（グリーフ）に関する定義、そして死をカジュアルに語る会であるDeath Caféとその運用方法、また、そのDeath Caféへの参加者や非参加者、主催者に対するアンケートの結果をもとに、死について意識することの重要性と、それによるquality of life向上を考察した

Evidence of Two Way X-Ray Emission from Pyroelectric Crystal

　タンタル酸リチウム単結晶の加熱/ 冷却に伴うX 線発生現象について，真空度および昇温温度を制御した実験を行い，その発生機構について検討した．X 線発生は既往の報告より三桁高い真空度10-4 Pa でも起こり，X線発生終了までの全積分強度は1 Paまで一定であった．タンタル酸リチウム単結晶の焦電性を利用したX線発生は，結晶表面近傍で起こる放電に伴って残留ガスより生じる高密度の荷電粒子の衝突を起源とする数分以内で終了する現象と，もともと残留ガス中に存在する荷電粒子を起源として10分以上継続するものとの二元機構であると結論された．焦電結晶の昇温する速度を一定にすることでX線発生強度が一定となる時間を延長することができた．X-ray emission behavior from a LiTaO3 pyroelectric single crystal during heating and cooling procedure was investigated by controlling the degree of vacuum in the range of 10-4 through 20 Pa, and the heating procedure. X-ray emission was confirmed at the vacuum degree of 10-4 Pa, which was higher than those for previous reports by three orders of magnitude. The total emission intensity was almost constant in the vacuum range among 10-4 Pa and 1 Pa. X-ray emission with the use of pyroelectricity was caused by individual two processes: One is accompanied by electric discharge around z-plane of LiTaO3 single crystal within a few minutes, and is sensitive to the degree of vacuum; the other is caused by collision of floating charged particles onto the plane. X-ray emission related to the floating particles continues more than 10 minutes and is less sensitive to the vacuum. The emission intensity could be kept constant for 10 min by controlling heating rate of LiTaO3

Hard X-Ray to Radio Multiwavelength SED Analysis of Local U/LIRGs in GOALS Sample with Self-consistent AGN Model Including Polar-dust Component

We conduct a hard X-ray to radio multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) decomposition for 57 local luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs) observed with Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array and/or Swift/Burst Alert Telescope in GOALS (Armus et al. 2009) sample. We modify the latest SED-fitting code X-CIGALE by implementing the infrared (IR) CLUMPY model, allowing the multiwavelength study with the X-ray torus model (XCLUMPY) self-consistently. Adopting the torus parameters obtained by the X-ray fitting (Yamada et al. 2021), we estimate the properties of host galaxies, active galactic nucleus (AGN) tori, and polar dust. The star formation rates (SFRs) become larger with merger stage and most of them are above the main sequence. The SFRs are correlated with radio luminosity, indicating starburst emission is dominant in the radio band. Although polar-dust extinction is much smaller than torus extinction, the UV-to-IR (mainly IR) polar dust luminosities are $\sim$2 times larger than the torus ones. The polar-dust temperature decreases while the physical size, estimated by the temperature and dust sublimation radius, increases with AGN luminosity from a few tens of parsec (early mergers) to kiloparsec scales (late mergers), where the polar dust is likely the expanding (i.e., evolving) dusty outflows. The comparison between SFRs and intrinsic AGN luminosities suggests that the starbursts occur first and AGNs arise later, and overall their growth rates follow the simultaneous coevolution relation that can establish the local galaxy-SMBH mass relation. We confirm the coexistence of intense starbursts, AGNs, and large-scale outflows in late mergers, supporting a standard AGN feedback scenario.Comment: 84 pages (5 tables/29 figures in the main text and 8 tables/18 figures in the Appendix), accepted in ApJ

Radically Different Thioredoxin Domain Arrangement of ERp46, an Efficient Disulfide Bond Introducer of the Mammalian PDI Family

SummaryThe mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contains a diverse oxidative protein folding network in which ERp46, a member of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family, serves as an efficient disulfide bond introducer together with Peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx4). We revealed a radically different molecular architecture of ERp46, in which the N-terminal two thioredoxin (Trx) domains with positively charged patches near their peptide-binding site and the C-terminal Trx are linked by unusually long loops and arranged extendedly, forming an opened V-shape. Whereas PDI catalyzes native disulfide bond formation by the cooperative action of two mutually facing redox-active sites on folding intermediates bound to the central cleft, ERp46 Trx domains are separated, act independently, and engage in rapid but promiscuous disulfide bond formation during early oxidative protein folding. Thus, multiple PDI family members likely contribute to different stages of oxidative folding and work cooperatively to ensure the efficient production of multi-disulfide proteins in the ER

Clinical Significance of High-intensity Zone for Discogenic Low Back Pain : A Review

High-intensity zone (HIZ) was originally described as a high-intensity signal on T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images, located in the posterior annulus fibrosus, clearly separated from the nucleus pulposus. Among symptomatic patients with low back pain, HIZ is present in 28-59% of cases. In morphologically abnormal discs, high sensitivity and specificity of 81% and 79%, respectively, were reported for HIZs and concordant pain during discography. In contrast, another report indicated low rates. Although most papers reported high sensitivity and specificity for this relationship, it remains controversial. Regarding the pathology of HIZs, inflammatory granulation tissues are found at sites showing HIZs. Such inflammatory tissues produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, which sensitize the nociceptors within the disc and cause pain. An effective treatment for this condition is yet to be established. Recently, minimally invasive surgery using percutaneous endoscopic discectomy (PED) under local anesthesia was introduced. After removal of the degenerated disc material, the HIZ is identified with the endoscope and then coagulated and modulated with a bipolar radio pulse. This technique is called thermal annuloplasty. In conclusion, HIZs is an important sign of painful intervertebral disc disruption, if identified precisely based on factors such as location and intensity

Extracting Angular Diameter Distance and Expansion Rate of the Universe from Two-dimensional Galaxy Power Spectrum at High Redshifts: Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Fitting versus Full Modeling

We present a method for extracting the angular diameter distances, $D_A$, and the expansion rates, $H$, of the universe from the {\it two-dimensional} Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) in the galaxy power spectrum. Our method builds upon the existing algorithm called the "fit-and-extract" (FITEX) method, which allows one to extract only $D_A^2/H$ from a spherically averaged one-dimensional power spectrum. We develop the FITEX-2d method, an extension of the FITEX method, to include the two-dimensional information, which allows us to extract $D_A$ and $H$ simultaneously. We test the FITEX-2d method using the Millennium Simulation as well as simplified Monte Carlo simulations with a bigger volume. The BAOs, however, contain only a limited amount of information. We show that the full modeling, including the overall shape of the power spectrum, yields much better determinations of $D_A$ and $H$, hence the dark energy equation of state parameters such as $w_0$ and $w_a$, than the BAO-only analysis by more than a factor of two, provided that non-linear effects are under control.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures. (v2) Detailed study on the effects of marginalization over the amplitude, redshift space distortion, and the shape of the primordial power spectrum is added. The Fisher matrix code is publicly available at http://gyudon.as.utexas.edu/~komatsu/CRL/index.html The details of the code are presented in Appendi