Investigating Effective Factors on Designing of Educational Spaces with an Approach to Increase Learning Rate and to Improve Creativity among Children

The environment and space in which we are living affectour spirit and thought. Creativity is a potential ability within thehuman being. This ability is flourished in theproperand cherishing environment. An environment that is able to flourish a child’s potential abilities seems to be necessary, regarding the importance of the childhood ages and learning at that time. At thefirst stage, an environment designed to develop a child’s creativity should be able to fulfill his physical and mental needs. Securing tranquility and safety of children isthe firstrequirement of a proper environment for children. It will prepare the ground for children’s creativity. In the present research, we studied child’s behavior in the environment by field studies, and some solutions and models extracted and presented to design proper environments by applying thepsychological study of children and approachesto develop creativity in educational systems as well as investigating children behaviors in the environment. First of all, the present theories of the psychology about designing educational spaces is discussed and then hypothesis test is carried out by an inductive approach and applying a survey research. So, we prepared a questionnaire to measure indices and then distributed the questionnaire on some nurseries. After that accumulated data were described and analyzed by applying (SPSS)software, finally, a model is presented to show the manner of the effectiveness of the factors. it was concluded that creativity is not limited to certain people and it can be acquired and learned. Developing creativity in childhood will have major effects on adulthood creativities. The elements which have an effect on children creativity are play and their ability to explore in the environment. Stimulation of the curiosity sense as an external factor in guided discovery learning is deemed to be one of the major constituents of guided discovery learning

An overview of current knowledge in biological functions and potential theragnostic applications of exosomes

Exosomes are cup-shaped structures, made of two lipid layers. Their size is in the range of 30–150 nm. Exosomes are excreted to the extracellular space and function in local and systemic cellular communication. Based on their primary origins, they can contain substantial amounts of RNA, protein, and miRNA; the horizontal transfer of these contents significantly determines the exosome's biological effects. The endosomal origins of exosomes can be deduced based on their surface protein markers. The use of exosomes as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic tool, has numerous advantages because they do not pose risks such as aneuploidy and transplant rejection. This - overview highlights the recent findings in exosome development and current knowledge in exosome-based therapies. Keywords:Extracellular vesicles, Exosomes, Clinical application

Drinking water resources criteria in emergencies and disasters:A systematic literature review

Background: Disasters occur unexpectedly each year, killing thousands around the world. Millions are directly under the influence of the outcomes of these events and their survival depends on the immediate state and international aid. This supports should be obtained in early hours after disasters. The main important need after disasters is safe water supply, which along with providing shelter, medicine, and nutrition, is vital to prevent diseases. So, immediate actions are needed to replace suitable drinking water resources for affected people. Methods: This study was conducted in 2019 using Web of Science, PupMed, Springer, Scopus, Embase databases (from 2000 to 31 September 2019). The PRISMA guideline was used to compile the study. All articles included in this study were original articles, short communications, letters to editor, editorials, systematic reviews, and articles presented at conferences and international congresses on the main topic of the study. Only English full-text articles were included in this study. Results: According to the results, water resources supply in disasters and emergencies criteria were classified into 4 main and 30 sub-criteria. The main criteria include environmental, economic, technology performance, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of water resources, which have 4, 2, 12, and 12 sub-criteria, respectively. Conclusion: This study intends to assist disaster service officials and decision makers and supervisors to plan for drinking water supply from area water resources, before the disaster and based on the history and geographical characteristics of the area, to take actions and meet the drinking water needs of the region. Keywords: Disaster, Emergency, Drinking water, Criteri

Efficient Synthesis of Novel Pyranoquinoline Derivatives from Simple Acetanilide Derivatives: Experimental and Theoretical Study of their Physicochemical Properties using DFT Calculations

A convenient reaction of 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde derivatives and dimedone in the presence of KF-Al2O3 for the synthesis of useful pyranoquinolines is described. Reasonable yields (41-50%), easily available starting materials and less expensive efficient catalyst are the key features of the present method. A mechanism was proposed for the reaction course. Attribution of the chemical shifts was made with the help of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The computed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts are in good agreement with available experimental data. The nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) values were used as quantitative measures for the relative aromatic character in pyranoquinolines. The calculated NICS values obtained for the phenyl group of pyranoquinoline compounds are smaller than that of benzene

Comparison of Three Different Diet-Induced Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Protocols in Rats: A Pilot Study

Background: There are many methods for inducing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in experimental animals. Due to the diversity of these methods and different variables involved in choosing the appropriate one, this study aimed to examine the effect of three different diets on development of NAFLD in rats. Methods: Twelve rats were divided to receive a standard, high fat high fructose (HFHFr), high cholesterol high fructose (HCHFr) or high fat high sucrose diet (HFHS); with access to tap water, fructose or sucrose solutions. The liver histopathological and biochemical assessments were examined after 40 and 60 days. Results: According to the histological findings, after 60 days of dietary exposures, all three experimental groups showed evidence of fatty changes; however a higher grade of ballooning and NAFLD activity score was found in the HFHFr compared with the other groups. Furthermore, all three diets induced a non-significant increase in serum liver enzymes relative to the control diet. Conclusion: This study indicates that HFHFr diet induce higher grade of hepatic steatosis and ballooning degenerations after 60 days in comparison with the other groups. So HFHFr diet can be considered as a suitable method for inducing of fatty liver for nutritional and pharmacological studies

Autophagy and Biomaterials: A Brief Overview of the Impact of Autophagy in Biomaterial Applications

Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy), a tightly regulated physiological process that obliterates dysfunctional and damaged organelles and proteins, has a crucial role when biomaterials are applied for various purposes, including diagnosis, treatment, tissue engineering, and targeted drug delivery. The unparalleled physiochemical properties of nanomaterials make them a key component of medical strategies in different areas, such as osteogenesis, angiogenesis, neurodegenerative disease treatment, and cancer therapy. The application of implants and their modulatory effects on autophagy have been known in recent years. However, more studies are necessary to clarify the interactions and all the involved mechanisms. The advantages and disadvantages of nanomaterial-mediated autophagy need serious attention in both the biological and bioengineering fields. In this mini-review, the role of autophagy after biomaterial exploitation and the possible related mechanisms are explored

Effect of albumin usage during cardiopulmonary bypass on postoperative acute kidney injury in cardiac surgery patients: A historical cohort study

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery is a common and serious postoperative complication and is associated with an increased risk of mortality, morbidity, length of hospital stay, and costs. We evaluated the effect of albumin usage on postoperative AKI in patients who underwent on-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG). Methods: This non-randomized cohort study was conducted on data from adult patients who underwent elective CABG, from March of 2015 to March of 2019. We assessed two groups of patients including the albumin (who received 50cc albumin 20% in priming solution) and the non-albumin groups. We recorded demographic data, medical history, and preoperative laboratory data. We compared postoperative changes in serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) up to 72 hours after surgery with preoperative ones. Also, the stage of kidney dysfunction was assessed according to the AKIN classification. The statistical analysis of the data was processed by SPSS 24 program. Results: Overall, we reviewed 506 patients chart [260 (51.4%) in albumin and 246 (48.6%) in non-albumin group]. In both groups, serum Cr, BUN, and GFR increased in 72 hours postoperatively compared with preoperative levels. This increase was greater in the non-albumin group than in the albumin group. However, the difference was not statistically significant between the two groups (p > 0.05). None of the patients developed renal failure or required dialysis. Conclusion: We concluded that the use of albumin in prime solution did not have a statistically significant effect on postoperative renal dysfunction after CABG

Effect of different diets on growth and survival of polychaete Perinereis nuntia in laboratory culture condition

With regard to the importance of polychaete Perinereis nuntia in diet of shrimp broodstock, achieving its breeding and culture bio technique is an important goal in shrimp industry. For this purpose, usage of diets inducing the highest growth and the lowest mortality is of importance. The effect of four different dietary treatments including commercial shrimp diet- Biomar, Lansy shrimp diet containing Spirulina micro algae, Enteromorpha green algae and Ulva green algae on growth and survival of this species was examined at 35 ppt salinity in present study. A number of 480 Polychaetes with average initial weight of 0.01 ± 0.002 g in four treatments and three replicates were fed the diets for three months. The results indicated significant effect of diet on final weight and survival of Polychaete. Treatments fed with commercial shrimp diet and diet containing Spirulina had higher final weight than treatments fed with Enteromorpha and Ulva algae (P<0.05). Treatments fed with Enteromorpha and Ulva algae had higher survival rates than other treatments (P<0.05). Regarding the high survival rate of treatments fed with Enteromorpha green algae and Ulva green algae and the very low weight gain difference of these two treatments with treatments fed with commercial shrimp diet and diet containing Spirulina, it is recommended to use Enteromorpha and Ulva green algae in raring Perinereis nuntia polychaete

Potential diagnostic value of P16 expression in premalignant and malignant cervical lesions

Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate the results of the expression of p16INK4a in normal uterine cervical epithelium, low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), high-grade CIN, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and adenocarcinoma of the cervix, in order to help draw a distinction between low risk and high risk patients with cervical lesions. Materials ans Methods : P16INK4a expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 78 paraffin-embedded tissue samples including 39 normal cervical tissues, 11 low-grade CINs, 11 high-grade CINs, 22 cervical SCCs and 8 cervical adenocarcinomas. Two parameters in immunohistochemical p16 expression were evaluated: percentage of p16-positive cells, and reaction intensity. Results: The p16INK4a expression rate was 81.8% in low-grade CINs, 91% in high-grade CINs, 90% in SCCs and 75% in cervical adenocarcinomas. 10% of normal cervical samples expressed p16. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the histological diagnoses and percentage of positive cells and reaction intensity of p16 (p < 0.005). The intensity of the reaction was the best parameter to evaluate the positivity of p16. Conclusions: Over-expression of the p16INK4a was typical for dysplastic and neoplastic epithelia of the uterine cervix. However, p16INK4a-negative CINs and carcinomas did exist. Although negative p16INK4a expression does not definitely exclude the patient with cervical lesion from the high-risk group, immunohistochemical study for p16INK4a may be used as a supplementary test for an early diagnosis of cervical cancers