Massive star formation around I05345+3157 -- I. The dense gas

We present observations of the intermediate to massive star-forming region I05345+3157 using the molecular line tracer CS(2-1) with CARMA to reveal the properties of the dense gas cores. Seven gas cores are identified in the integrated intensity map of CS(2-1). Among these, core 1 and core 3 have counterparts in the 2.7 millimeter continuum data. We suggest that core 1 and core 3 are star-forming cores that may already or will very soon harbor young massive protostars. The total masses of core 1 estimated from the LTE method and dust emission by assuming a gas-to-dust ratio are 5 +- 1 solar masses and 18 +- 6 solar masses, and that of core 3 are 15 +- 7 solar masses and 11 +- 3 solar masses. The spectrum of core 3 shows blue-skewed self-absorption, which suggests gas infall -- a collapsing core. The observed broad linewidths of the seven gas cores indicate non-thermal motions. These non-thermal motions can be interactions with nearby outflows or due to the initial turbulence; the former is observed, while the role of initial turbulence is less certain. Finally, the virial masses of the gas cores are larger than the LTE masses, which for a bound core implies a requirement on the external pressure of ~ 10^8 K/cm^3. The cores have the potential to further form massive stars.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

A Modified Hyaluronic Acid–Based Dissolving Microneedle Loaded With Daphnetin Improved the Treatment of Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a common chronic immune-inflammatory disease. Challenges exist in the present treatment of psoriasis, such as difficulties in transdermal drug administration and severe side effects. We hope to achieve a better therapeutic outcome for psoriasis treatment. By using modified soluble microneedles (MNs) loaded with daphnetin, the psoriasis symptoms of mice, the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes, and the secretion of inflammatory factors were significantly reduced. In vitro, daphnetin is proven to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway and to inhibit the proliferation of HaCaT cells and the release of inflammatory factors, especially CCL20. This research showed that the modified microneedle loaded with daphnetin optimized transdermal drug delivery and relieved the symptoms of psoriasis more effectively. The novel route of Daph administration provides a future research direction for the treatment of psoriasis

Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study.

<p>Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study.</p

Oligonucleotide primers used in this study.

<p>Oligonucleotide primers used in this study.</p

Transcriptional regulation of <i>KP1_4563</i> by CRP.

<p>(A) Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Transcriptional expression of <i>KP1_4563</i> in WT and Kp-Δ<i>crp</i>. The results are expressed as the percentage of WT expression. Data are presented as the mean of at least three technical replicates (mean ± standard deviation). Statistical significance was analyzed by independent samples <i>t</i>- test. Significant difference is indicated by * for <i>P</i><0.05. (B) LacZ fusion assay. The putative promoter region of <i>KP1_4563</i> was cloned into the <i>lacZ</i> transcriptional fusion placZ15 plasmid and then introduced into CCW01 or CCW01Δ<i>crp</i> to determine promoter activity. The results are expressed as β-galactosidase activity (Miller units) in the cellular extracts. Statistical significance was analyzed by independent samples <i>t</i>-test. Significant difference is indicated by * for <i>P</i><0.05. (C) EMSA. The radioactively labeled putative promoter region of <i>KP1_4563</i> was incubated with increasing amounts of purified His–CRP protein with cAMP and was then subjected to 4% (w/v) native polyacrylamide gels electrophoresis. The interaction between His–CRP and the promoter region of <i>KP1_4563</i> formed a DNA–CRP complex, which produced a retarded DNA band with decreased mobility. (D) DNase I footprinting. A labeled coding or non-coding DNA fragment was incubated with increasing amounts of His–CRP (lanes 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent 0, 8.5, 16.9, and 25.4 pmol of purified His–CRP protein, respectively) with cAMP and was then subjected to 8 M urea-6% (w/v) polyacrylamide gels electrophoresis. The footprint region is indicated by vertical bars with positions, and the negative numbers indicate the nucleotide positions upstream of the <i>KP1_4563</i> gene start codon ATG where the A in the ATG start codon refers to position 1.</p

Phenotype and adhesion assays of <i>KP1_4563</i>.

<p>(A) Hemagglutination assays. Mannose-resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) assays were performed with human erythrocytes. The results are expressed as the minimum bacterial density (CFU/ml) required to cause a visible agglutination reaction. Values represent the mean of three independent experiments, and the error bars represent standard deviation. <i>P</i> values were calculated by one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post hoc comparisons. (B) Mannan-binding assay. Mean values and standard deviation of six technical replicates are showed. <i>P</i> values were calculated by one-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc comparisons. (C) Bacterial adhesion assays. Data are the means of measurements made in technical triplicates. Error bars represent the standard deviation. <i>P</i> values were calculated by one-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc comparisons. Significant differences are indicated by * for <i>P</i><0.05 or ** for <i>P</i><0.01.</p