The Reflection and Recommendations for Banking Capital Adequacy Regulation

On financial system, Bank is the most important financial intermediaries in economy. It has played a central role to the entire financial system. The bank’s capital also has played an important role on the bank risk management and governance. This study issued the function of the financial capital adequacy ratio on Bank supervision system. The article establish the multiple regression model analysis the relationship between various bank indicators and capital adequacy ratio, point out too high of capital adequacy ratio is negative to the bank’s operation and regulation. Through empirical study, we explored the effectiveness of the regulatory capital adequacy ratio

Innovation Design Study on E- Bidding System: Chinese Enterprise Group experience

The e-bidding platform of electric enterprise group purchase business is regard as a complex system of interrelated economic, organizational, social and elements as well as the external and internal information flows of a company. Getting positive synergistic effect is one of the important factors for the enterprise group procurement business innovation. The paper showcase the synergistic effect framework, and then study synergistic effect of the e-bidding platform based on complex adaptive theory .We sharp enterprise group purchase system, research how to get positive synergistic effect contributions to the enhancement of the efficiency of the business overall

CLT-groups with Hall S-quasinormally embedded subgroups

A subgroup H of a finite group G is said to be Hall S-quasinormally embedded in G if H is a Hall subgroup of the S-quasinormal closure H SQG . We study finite groups G containing a Hall S-quasinormally embedded subgroup of index p n for each prime power divisor p n of the order of G.Підгрупа H скінченної групи G називається підгрупою Холла, S-квазінормально вкладеною в G, якщо H — підгрупа Холла S-квазінормального замикання HSQG. Вивчаються скінченні групи G, що містять S-квазінормально вкладені підгрупи Холла індексу pn для кожного простого степеневого дільника pn порядку G

Methods of Estimating Forest Biomass: A Review

Forest plays a special role in carbon sequestration and thus mitigating climate change. However, the large uncertainty in biomass estimation is unable to meet the requirement of the accurate carbon accounting. The use of a suitable and rigor method to accurately estimate forest biomass is significant. Moreover, the world is increasingly facing the conflicting pressures of economic growth and environmental protection. Improving energy structure and vigorously developing biomass energy has become the development trend of energy utilization in the future. As energy plant is characterized by a large net accumulation of biomass. Therefore, the scientific evaluation of the size and potential of energy from plant also requires a suitable method for estimating biomass. Here, we reviewed the estimate methods, including allometric equation, mean biomass density, biomass expansion factor, geostatistics, etc. For each method, we will present background, rational, applicability, as well as estimation procedure by exemplifying a case. In this chapter, we argued that the new developed technique such as geo-statistics and remote sensing technique (e.g. LIDAR) would be the key tools to improve forest biomass estimation accuracy. However, prior to this, spatial variation of forest biomass at various levels should be explored using multi-source data and multi-approaches

Study on E- Business Platform of Electric Enterprise Group Based on the Perspective of System Synergy

the paper showcase the synergistic effect framework and apply it to a study on electricity energy groups of internet bidding platform on B2B supply business. We enumerate electricity grid enterprise group’s purchase system. Since 2006, by setting up the multi-layer purchase system based on internet. Chinese energy enterprise group began to adopt internet supply platform and take full advantage of synergistic effect and scale effects, decrease the trade cost of whole supply chain. From the perspective of system synergy, the paper firstly analyzed the model building on e-procurement platform, and then offered a set of evaluation index on synergistic effect, lastly through empirical analysis, point out there is not only positive synergistic effect but also negative synergistic effect on the e-business platform of the purchase system

Surface Tension of GaInSnBiZn Liquid High-entropy Alloy

As an emerging alloy material, high-entropy alloy has potential applications that distinguish it from traditional alloys due to its special physicochemical properties. In this work, a low melting point GaInSnBiZn high-entropy alloy was designed based on Miedema model, and its surface tension was measured by the continuous pendant-drop method. The results show that the intrinsic surface tension of GaInSnBiZn high-entropy alloy at 80 °C is 545±5 mN/m, and the surface tension of the liquid alloy is significantly reduced by the formation of surface oxide film. The surface tension of GaInSnBiZn high-entropy alloy was analyzed by using theoretical models (Guggenheim model, GSM (general solution) model and Butler model), and the thermodynamic characteristics of the surface tension formation were further verified by combining with thermodynamic calculations, among which the calculated results of Butler model were in good agreement with the experimental data. Meanwhile, it is found that the surface concentration of Bi in the alloy is much larger than the nominal concentration of its bulk phase, which contributes the most to the surface tension of the alloy, however, it contributes the least to the entropy of the alloy formation in combination with the Butler model

The influence of SS-quasinormality of some subgroups on the structure of finite groups

AbstractThe following concept is introduced: a subgroup H of the group G is said to be SS-quasinormal (Supplement-Sylow-quasinormal) in G if H possesses a supplement B such that H permutes with every Sylow subgroup of B. Groups with certain SS-quasinormal subgroups of prime power order are studied. For example, fix a prime divisor p of |G| and a Sylow p-subgroup P of G, let d be the smallest generator number of P and Md(P) denote a family of maximal subgroups P1,…,Pd of P satisfying ⋂i=1d(Pi)=Φ(P), the Frattini subgroup of P. Assume that the group G is p-solvable and every member of some fixed Md(P) is SS-quasinormal in G, then G is p-supersolvable

Factors Affecting Spatial Variation of Annual Apparent Q10 of Soil Respiration in Two Warm Temperate Forests

A range of factors has been identified that affect the temperature sensitivity (Q10 values) of the soil-to-atmosphere CO2 flux. However, the factors influencing the spatial distribution of Q10values within warm temperate forests are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the spatial variation of Q10 values and its controlling factors in both a naturally regenerated oak forest (OF) and a pine plantation (PP). Q10 values were determined based on monthly soil respiration (RS) measurements at 35 subplots for each stand from Oct. 2008 to Oct. 2009. Large spatial variation of Q10 values was found in both OF and PP, with their respective ranges from 1.7 to 5.12 and from 2.3 to 6.21. In PP, fine root biomass (FR) (R = 0.50, P = 0.002), non-capillary porosity (NCP) (R = 0.37, P = 0.03), and the coefficients of variation of soil temperature at 5 cm depth (CV of T5) (R = −0.43, P = 0.01) well explained the spatial variance of Q10. In OF, carbon pool lability reflected by light fractionation method (LLFOC) well explained the spatial variance of Q10 (R = −0.35, P = 0.04). Regardless of forest type, LLFOC and FR correlation with the Q10 values were significant and marginally significant, respectively; suggesting a positive relationship between substrate availability and apparent Q10 values. Parameters related to gas diffusion, such as average soil water content (SWC) and NCP, negatively or positively explained the spatial variance of Q10 values. Additionally, we observed significantly higher apparent Q10 values in PP compared to OF, which might be partly attributed to the difference in soil moisture condition and diffusion ability, rather than different substrate availabilities between forests. Our results suggested that both soil chemical and physical characters contributed to the observed large Q10 value variation

Elucidation of the mechanisms and molecular targets of Yiqi Shexue formula for treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia based on network pharmacology

Yiqi Shexue formula (YQSX) is traditionally used to treat primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine. However, its mechanisms of action and molecular targets for treatment of ITP are not clear. The active compounds of YQSX were collected and their targets were identified. ITP-related targets were obtained by analyzing the differential expressed genes between ITP patients and healthy individuals. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) data were then obtained and PPI networks of YQSX putative targets and ITP-related targets were visualized and merged to identify the candidate targets for YQSX against ITP. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were carried out. The gene-pathway network was constructed to screen the key target genes. In total, 177 active compounds and 251 targets of YQSX were identified. Two hundred and thirty differential expressed genes with an P value 1 were identified between ITP patient and control groups. One hundred and eighty-three target genes associated with ITP were finally identified. The functional annotations of target genes were found to be related to transcription, cytosol, protein binding, and so on. Twenty-four pathways including cell cycle, estrogen signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway were significantly enriched. MDM2 was the core gene and other several genes including TP53, MAPK1, CDKN1A, MYC, and DDX5 were the key gens in the gene-pathway network of YQSX for treatment of ITP. The results indicated that YQSX's effects against ITP may relate to regulation of immunological function through the specific biological processes and the related pathways. This study demonstrates the application of network pharmacology in evaluating mechanisms of action and molecular targets of complex herbal formulations