Nurse Educators\u27 Perceptions of Ecoliteracy in Undergraduate Nursing Education

Introduction: Increased human health concerns related to the natural environment and climate change are having a growing impact on nursing practice. This past year in Canada, for example, British Columbia reported the highest number of heat related deaths, followed by devasting forest fires in many provinces that have disproportionately impacted Indigenous Peoples. Nurses are well positioned to address the direct health impacts associated with climate change. As a result, nurses require an increased level of ecoliteracy to address the health impacts linked to climate change. The role of the nurse in addressing the health impacts of climate change are vast, ranging from direct patient care, education and advocacy, their role includes supporting individuals, communities, and populations to mitigate, adapt and build resiliency in the face of a changing climate. Background: Regulatory and professional associations support the professional emphasis on the significance of ecoliteracy yet there is insufficient understanding of the resistance to the content in nursing curricula. Although current literature supports an increased emphasis on the integration of ecosystem health concerns and the impact on human health within undergraduate nursing education, there is a paucity of empirical evidence regarding nursing educators’ perspectives on the subject. This study is a first step in gaining a greater understanding of the perspectives of nurse educators on ecoliteracy within undergraduate nursing education programs in one Canadian province. Methods: This qualitative research study included 13 nurse educators from three diverse academic settings. Data were collected using semi-structured, open-ended interview questions, followed by content analysis of the data. Results: Data analysis revealed five key themes: 1) Importance of ecoliteracy in undergraduate nursing programs; 2) Current integration of ecoliteracy concepts in curricula; 3) Future considerations for ecoliteracy content; 4) Barriers to the inclusion of content supportive of ecoliteracy in curricula; 5) Strategies to address barriers. While educators feel that ecoliteracy is important in undergraduate nursing, they noted that the current integration of climate content in the curriculum is uneven. Barriers and potential strategies to integrating this content are identified. Conclusion: The findings of this study can be used for curriculum revision and to stimulate innovation and research in nursing education. This study creates the opportunity for a larger scale replication study, pilot studies of the integration of concepts that would support ecoliteracy, and further research on the topic. This study identified that many complexities are involved in achieving ecoliteracy in nursing education and suggest that while threading of content can address the urgent need, further research is required to identify entry to practice requirements for undergraduate nursing programs. Résumé Introduction : Les préoccupations grandissantes associées aux liens entre la santé humaine, l’environnement naturel et les changements climatiques touchent de plus en plus la pratique infirmière. Au cours de la dernière année au Canada, la Colombie-Britannique a signalé le plus grand nombre de décès liés à la chaleur, suivie par des incendies de forêt dévastateurs dans de nombreuses provinces qui ont affecté de manière disproportionnée les peuples autochtones. Les infirmières sont bien placées pour faire face aux impacts directs des changements climatiques sur la santé, et doivent donc avoir un niveau plus élevé d’écolittératie afin de composer avec les impacts des changements climatiques sur la santé. Le rôle de l’infirmière dans la lutte contre les impacts du changement climatique sur la santé est vaste, allant des soins directs aux patients, à la formation et à la défense des droits, et comprenant le soutien aux individus, aux communautés et aux populations pour atténuer, favoriser l’adaptation et renforcer la résilience par rapport au changement climatique. Contexte : Les associations réglementaires et professionnelles appuient l’accent mis par les professionnels sur l’importance de l’écolittératie, mais la compréhension de la résistance au contenu des programmes d’études en sciences infirmières est insuffisante. Bien que la littérature actuelle appuie l’importance accrue accordée à l’intégration des préoccupations liées à la santé des écosystèmes et à l’impact sur la santé humaine dans la formation en sciences infirmières au premier cycle, il existe peu de résultats empiriques concernant les perceptions des infirmières enseignantes sur le sujet. Cette étude représente une première étape pour mieux comprendre leurs perspectives sur l’écolittératie dans le cadre des programmes de formation en sciences infirmières au premier cycle dans une province canadienne. Méthode : Cette recherche qualitative incluait 13 infirmières enseignantes de 3 milieux universitaires différents. Les données ont été recueillies à l’aide de questions ouvertes lors d’entrevues semi-structurées, suivies d’une analyse de contenu. Résultats : L’analyse des données a dévoilé cinq thèmes clés : 1) L’importance de l’écolittératie dans les programmes en sciences infirmières de premier cycle; 2) Le niveau actuel d’intégration des notions d’écolittératie au sein des programmes d’études; 3) Les considérations pour l’ajout de contenu en matière d’écolittératie à l’avenir; 4) Les obstacles à l’inclusion de contenus favorables à l’écolittératie dans les programmes d’études; et, 5) Les stratégies pour franchir ces obstacles. Bien que les enseignantes estiment que l’écolittératie est importante en sciences infirmières au premier cycle, elles ont noté que l’intégration actuelle de contenu lié au climat dans les programmes d’études est inégale. Les obstacles et les stratégies potentielles à l’intégration de ce contenu sont identifiés. Conclusion : Les résultats de cette étude peuvent servir pour la révision des programmes et pour stimuler l’innovation et la recherche en formation en sciences infirmières. Cette étude crée l’occasion de refaire l’étude à plus grande échelle, de proposer des études pilotes sur l’intégration de concepts qui soutiendraient l’écolittératie et d’autres recherches sur le sujet. Cette étude a mis en évidence de nombreuses complexités qu’implique l’atteinte de l’écolittératie dans la formation en sciences infirmières et suggère que même si la mise en place du contenu peut répondre au besoin urgent, des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour déterminer les exigences d’entrée à la pratique au terme des programmes de sciences infirmières de premier cycle

APLIKASI TEORI PERILAKU TERENCANA: NIAT MELAKUKAN PHYSICAL EXERCISE (LATIHAN FISIK) PADA REMAJA DI SURABAYA

Alasan utama untuk rnengangkat topik ini dalarn penelitian ia1ah penulis berrnaksud untuk rneneliti variabel-variabel yang rnelatarbelakangi perilaku physical exercise yang dilakukan remaja di Surabaya. Tujuannya, peneliti ingin rnenguji apakah ada hubungan antara attitude towards behavior (A TB), subjective norm (SN), dan perceived behavioral control (PBC), baik secara bersama-sama maupun secara parsial, dengan niat berperilaku physical exercise (latihan fisik) pada remaja di Surabaya. Metode angket digunakan dalarn penelitian ini, rnenggunakan teknik penskalaan sernantik diferensial. Rernaja baik pria dan wanita (N=336) di kota Surabaya berpartisipasi dalarn penelitian ini. Hasil uji hipotesis rnenujukkan bahwa : {a). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara ATB, SN, dan PBC, secara bersarna-sarna terhadap niat rnelakukan Physical exersice pada remaja (F = 14.233; p = 0,000). Hasil korelasi parsial menunjukkan ATB, dan SN menjadi prediktor paling kuat terhadap niat melaku.kan Physical Exercise, sedangkan PBC tidak

Nonequilibrium structural dynamics of nanoparticles in LiNi(1/2)Mn(3/2)O4 cathode under operando conditions.

We study nonequilibrium structural dynamics in LiNi1/2Mn3/2O4 spinel cathode material during fast charge/discharge under operando conditions using coherent X-rays. Our in situ measurements reveal a hysteretic behavior of the structure upon cycling and we directly observe the interplay between different transformation mechanisms: solid solution and two-phase reactions at the single nanoparticle level. For high lithium concentrations solid solution is observed upon both charge and discharge. For low lithium concentration, we find concurrent solid solution and two-phase reactions upon charge, while a pure two-phase reaction is found upon discharge. A delithiation model based on an ionic blockade layer on the particle surface is proposed to explain the distinct structural transformation mechanisms in nonequilibrium conditions. This study addresses the controversy of why two-phase materials show exemplary kinetics and opens new avenues to understand fundamental processes underlying charge transfer, which will be invaluable for developing the next generation battery materials

Disorder Dynamics in Battery Nanoparticles During Phase Transitions Revealed by Operando Single-Particle Diffraction

Structural and ion-ordering phase transitions limit the viability of sodium-ion intercalation materials in grid scale battery storage by reducing their lifetime. However, the combination of phenomena in nanoparticulate electrodes creates complex behavior that is difficult to investigate, especially on the single nanoparticle scale under operating conditions. In this work, operando single-particle x-ray diffraction (oSP-XRD) is used to observe single-particle rotation, interlayer spacing, and layer misorientation in a functional sodium-ion battery. oSP-XRD is applied to Na$_{2/3}$[Ni$_{1/3}$Mn$_{2/3}$]O$_{2}$, an archetypal P2-type sodium-ion positive electrode material with the notorious P2-O2 phase transition induced by sodium (de)intercalation. It is found that during sodium extraction, the misorientation of crystalline layers inside individual particles increases before the layers suddenly align just prior to the P2-O2 transition. The increase in the long-range order coincides with an additional voltage plateau signifying a phase transition prior to the P2-O2 transition. To explain the layer alignment, a model for the phase evolution is proposed that includes a transition from localized to correlated Jahn-Teller distortions. The model is anticipated to guide further characterization and engineering of sodium-ion intercalation materials with P2-O2 type transitions. oSP-XRD therefore opens a powerful avenue for revealing complex phase behavior in heterogeneous nanoparticulate systems.Comment: 23 pages, 4 main figures, 9 supplemental figure

Ambient PM2.5 Exposure Up-regulates the Expression of Costimulatory Receptors on Circulating Monocytes in Diabetic Individuals

BACKGROUND: Exposure of humans to air pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter (PM) may result in airway and systemic inflammation and altered immune function. One putative mechanism may be through modification of cell-surface costimulatory molecules. OBJECTIVES: We examined whether changes in expression of costimulatory molecules on circulating cells are associated with ambient levels of fine PM [aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5)] in a susceptible population of diabetic individuals. METHODS: Twenty subjects were studied for 4 consecutive days. Daily measurements of PM2.5 and meteorologic data were acquired on the rooftop of the exam site. Circulating cell-surface markers that mediate innate immune and inflammatory responses were assessed by flow cytometry on each day. Sensitivity analysis was conducted on glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) genotype, body mass index, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels to determine their role as effect modifiers. Data were analyzed using random effects models adjusting for season, weekday, and meteorology. RESULTS: We found significantly increased monocyte expression (mean fluorescent intensity) of CD80, CD40, CD86, HLA-DR, and CD23 per 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 at 2- to 4-day lag times after exposure. These findings were significantly higher in obese individuals, in individuals with HbA1c > 7%, and in participants who were GSTM1 null. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to PM2.5 can enhance antigen-presenting cell phenotypes on circulating cells, which may have consequences in the development of allergic or autoimmune diseases. These effects are amplified in diabetic individuals with characteristics that are associated with insulin resistance or with oxidative stress

Evaluating the Influence of Epidemiological Parameters and Host Ecology on the Spread of Phocine Distemper Virus through Populations of Harbour Seals

Catriona Harris was supported by a grant from the UK Natural Environment Research Council. The funders had no role in study design, data collections and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Background: Outbreaks of phocine distemper virus (PDV) in Europe during 1988 and 2002 were responsible for the death of around 23,000 and 30,000 harbour seals, respectively. These epidemics, particularly the one in 2002, provided an unusual opportunity to estimate epidemic parameters for a wildlife disease. There were marked regional differences in the values of some parameters both within and between epidemics. Methodology and Principal Findings: We used an individual-based model of seal movement that allowed us to incorporate realistic representations of space, time and animal behaviour into a traditional epidemiological modelling framework. We explored the potential influence of a range of ecological (foraging trip duration, time of epidemic onset, population size) and epidemiological (length of infectious period, contact rate between infectious and susceptible individuals, case mortality) parameters on four readily-measurable epidemic characteristics (number of dead individuals, duration of epidemic, peak mortality date and prevalence) and on the probability that an epidemic would occur in a particular region. We analysed the outputs as if they were the results of a series of virtual experiments, using Generalised Linear Modelling. All six variables had a significant effect on the probability that an epidemic would be recognised as an unusual mortality event by human observers. Conclusions: Regional and temporal variation in contact rate was the most likely cause of the observed differences between the two epidemics. This variation could be a consequence of differences in the way individuals divide their time between land and sea at different times of the year.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

The development and initial evaluation of the Diarrhoea Management Diary (DMD) in patients with metastatic breast cancer

Purpose Chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea (CID) is a common, but often underreported problem in patients with breast cancer that has a profound effect on quality of life. It is best measured from a patient’s perspective, but tools are limited. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the Diarrhoea Management Diary (DMD), a self-report measure to assess CID, use of self-management strategies and treatment adherence. Methods The DMD was constructed using an iterative process of instrument development: concept elicitation (literature review), item generation and reduction (cognitive debriefing), and pilot testing in the target population. After translation into eight languages, the DMD was used in an international randomised trial for women receiving lapatinib and capecitabine for metastatic breast cancer with or without prophylactic octreotide. Patterns of missing data and sensitivity to change were examined. Results The understandability and completeness of the 8-item DMD was confirmed in cognitive interviews and pilot testing. Practicability of the DMD was evaluated in 62 women with metastatic breast cancer (median age 57). Up to 68% reported CID at any given time-point, and 19% had diarrhoea at each time-point. Patients also described efficacy of different strategies for diarrhoea management. Missing data were associated with study discontinuation. DMD missing item response was 0.9%. Sensitivity to change was good at most assessment points. Conclusions Although further psychometric testing is recommended, initial evaluation of the DMD showed good content validity and practicability in international research with cancer patients