THE EFFORTS IN LEARNING VOCABULARY BY THE FOURTH-YEAR STUDENTS OF THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT AT MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MALANG

Since the need of having adequate amount of vocabulary is increasing, learners of English are supposed to have certain ways for expanding their vocabulary. In this case, the investigation was concerned with the ways of the English Department students learned vocabulary with and without instruction, and the ways they persistently practiced the words they had gained. The research design employed in this study was descriptive-qualitative. The target population was the fourth-year English Department Students of Muhammadiyah University of Malang. They all belonged to the 2001-2002 English Department Senior. The number of population was 200 students. The writer used a simple random sampling procedure and the total number of the sample was 40. In collecting data, the writer used questionnaire as the instrument to get the data. The questionnaire consisted of thirty-three items, which were divided into 13 parts. From the findings, when reading textbooks, the students often consulted their dictionaries, either the monolingual one or the bilingual, to obtain good marks. When reading for pleasure, students rarely consulted dictionaries. Then, when reading for instructional purposes, students did not rely on their guessing strategies because they were not quite sure about the result. Short stories, films, songs, newspapers, magazines, and poems were made use of as the source of expanding students’ vocabulary besides reading text to learn. Of the 40 respondents, there were merely 11 (27.5%) students who still put the new words they have gained into practice through some activities such as, make a small conversation with their friends, make an English writing like poems, short stories, letters, essays, etc. In summary, the findings gained in the present study overall indicate that most of the students (29=72.5 %) are considered having average to low degree of efforts in learning vocabulary

Uji permutasi ASL untuk pengujian hipotesis pada rata-rata

Dalam pengambilan keputusan untuk menerima atau menolak Ho pada permasalahan dua sampel, dapat digunakan, beberapa cora. Penentuannya dapat menggunakan pengamatan terhadap ASL yang merupakan probabilitas pengamatan pada suatu niiai ketika Ho benar. ASL = Pr ob { .6+ Zi ) menspesiiikaSikan sebuah distribusi tunggal, padahal pernyataan Ho : F = Ci Inepipakan suatu keluarga distribusi probabilitas. Sehingga perlu diteinpuh suatu eara untuk menghitung keseluruhan distribusi probabilitas tersebut. Uji Permutasi merupakan suatu cara untuk mengatasi permasalahan dua sampel tersebut. Uji Permutasi dilakukan dengan metnbentuk permutasi dua himpunan Banda. (gabungan dari dua. kelompok data). Hasil pennutasi ini dianggap sebagai replikasi dari data. tersebut. Kemudian dari keseluruhan basil replikasi permutasi diarnbil sampel secara random menggunakan metode Monte Carlo. Selanjutnya sampel dianalisis sehingga akan ditentukan apakah sesuai dengan batas ASL yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. There are ways in order to decide whether or not the data decisively reject the. null hypothesis Ho in the two-sample problem. Having observed the achieved significance level of the test is defined to be the probability of observing at least that large a value when the null hypothesis Ho of ASL specifies a single distribution, in most problems Ho : F r G leave us with a tinnily of possible null hypothesis distributions rather than just one 'Therefore, Fisher's per mutation test is a clever way of calculating an ASL for the general null hypothesis. Permutation tests are done by performing two subset. groups (combining two data groups ). The permutation's result is replication of that data. In practice it's usually approximated by Monte Carlo methods. Then analize the sample whether or not according to standards ASL

PENGARUH PROBIOTIK PADA DIARE AKUT : PENELITIAN DENGAN 3 PREPARAT PROBIOTIK

ABSTRAK Latar belakang. Probiotik diketahui memiliki efek yang menguntungkan dalam pengobatan diare akut pada anak. Probiotik mempengaruhi frekuensi dan durasi diare dengan meningkatkan respon imun, produksi substansi antimikroba dan menghambat pertumbuhan kuman patogen penyebab diare. Probiotik dengan strain spesifik efektif menurunkan frekuensi dan durasi diare. Tujuan. Mengetahui efektifitas suplementasi probiotik tunggal maupun kombinasi pada anak dengan diare akut. Metode. Uji klinis acak tersamar buta ganda terhadap pasien diare akut usia 6-24 bulan dengan diare akut di RS Dr. Kariadi Semarang periode Juli 2010 - Februari 2011. Subyek dibagi dalam 3 kelompok perlakuan (L.reuteri; L.acidophilus dan LGG; L.acidophilus, S.faecium and B.longum) dan kontrol. Probiotik diberikan selama 5 hari. Setiap kelompok mendapat terapi standar berupa rehidrasi dan dietetik. Hasil. Dari 84 anak yang masuk dalam penelitian, rerata durasi diare lebih pendek pada kelompok L.reuteri (37,4 ± 14,4 jam) dan L.acidophilus-LGG (38,6 ± 19,6 jam) dibanding kelompok 3 strain probiotik dan kontrol. Didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna pada penurunan durasi diare antar kelompok (p=0,002). Rerata frekuensi diare menurun pada kelompok L.reuteri (5,6 ± 2,9 kali) dan L.acidophilus-LGG (6,9 ± 8,4 kali) dibanding dengan kelompok 3 strain probiotik dan kontrol. Didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna pada penurunan frekuensi diare antar kelompok (p=0,02). Kesimpulan. Probiotik L. reuteri dan L.acidophilus-LGG efektif menurunkan durasi dan frekuensi diare dan dapat digunakan sebagai terapi tambahan pada anak dengan diare akut. Kata kunci: probiotik, diare akut, durasi, frekuensi

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN FAKTOR SOSIAL BUDAYA DENGAN PEMILIHAN PENOLONG PERSALINAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SAYUNG I KECAMATAN SAYUNG KABUPATEN DEMAK TAHUN 2002

Pelayanan pertolongan persalinan merupakan pelayanan kesehatan, artinya masyarakat akan mencari pelayanan yang diinginkan untuk kesehatannya dan pencarian tersebut dapat ke tenaga kesehatan maupun tenaga non kesehatan. Karena persalinan merupakan saat khusus sekaligus kritis dalam kehamilan untuk itu ibu dan keluarga perlu disiapkan dengan baik. Menurut Green, perilaku dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor yaitu faktor predisposisi, pendukung dan pendorong, begitu juga dengan perilaku pemilihan penolong persalinan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengetahuan, sikap dan faktor sosial budaya (tingkat pendidikan, sikap dan budaya) dengan pemilihan penolong persalinan. Desain penelitian ini adalah analitik obsevasional dengan jenis penelitian studi crossectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 89 responden, yang terbagi dalam 69 responden dimana penolong persalinannya adalah tenaga kesehatan dan 20 responden yang ditolong tenaga non kesehatan. analisis data yang dilakukan adalah analisa univariat dan analisa bivariat. Hasil analisa bivariat didapatkan, ada hubungan bermakna tingkat pengetahuan responden dengan pemilihan penolong persalinan (x22 = 13,873 dan p = 0,0001), ada hubungan bermakna tingkat pendidikan dengan pemilihan penolong persalinan (x2 = 18,213 dan p = 0,0001), ada hubungan bermakna budaya dengan pemilihan penolong persalinan (x2 = 6,043 dan p = 0,014) dan tidak ada hubungan bermakna pekerjaan dengan pemilihan penolong persalinan (x2 = 0,0001 dan p = 1,000). Dengan hasil tersebut diharapkan pihak Puskesmas Sayung I lebih menggiatkan kegiatan Gerakan Sayang Ibu, Suami Siaga, Keluarga Siaga, Masyarakat Siaga dan Desa Siaga untuk meningkatkan peran serta masyarakat dalam upaya peningkatan status kesehatan masyarakat khususnya penurunan jumlah persalinan yang ditolong oleh dukun. Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, Sikap, Sosial Budaya dan Pemilihan Penolong THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND SOCIAL CULTURE FACTOR AND THE CHOICE OF THE MATERNITY HELPER IN THE WORK AREA OF PUBLIC HEALTH CENTRE SAYUNG I SAYUNG DISTRIC DEMAK CITY,2002 The service of maternity helper is a health service, it means that the society will find service expected for their own health. And finding of such service can be gained through health staff or non-health staff. As maternity is specific and critical event in pregnancy, so mother and her family need preparing well. According to Green, attitude is effected by three factors i.e predisposition, supporter and motivator factors and also the attitude of the choice of the maternity helper. the purpose of the investigatioan is to know the correlation between the knowledge, attitude and social culture factor (education, profession and culture level) and the choice of the maternity helper. The design of this investigation is observasional anality with cross sectional planning. The sum of the sample is 89 respondents, which is divided into 69 respondents whose maternity are helped by health staff and 20 respondents helped by non-health staff. The data analysis done was univariat and bivariat analysis. The result of the bivariat analysis was that there is meaningfull correlation between knowledge level of the respondent and the choice of the maternity helper (x2 = 14,724 and p = 0,001), there is meaningfull corelation between the attitude and the choice of maternity helper (x2 = 13,873 and p = 0,0001), there is correlation between the education level and the choice of maternity helper (x2 = 18,213 and p = 0,0001), there is correlation between the culture and the choice of maternity helper (x2 = 6,043 and p = 0,0145)and there is not correlation between the profession and the choice of maternity helper. Having the result of the investigation, of Public Health Centre Sayung I was suggested to encourage the activity Sayang Ibu, Suami sayang Ibu, keluarga Sayang Ibu, Masyarakat Sayang Ibu and Desa Siaga movement to increase the society interference in increasing the society health status especially the discharge of the sum of maternity helper by the non-health staff. Keyword: PersalinanKnowledge, Attitude, Social Culture and The Choice of the Maternity Helpe

ANALISIS SPILLOVER EFFECT PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI KABUPATEN/KOTA DI KORIDOR TIMUR PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR TAHUN 1993-2021

The spillover effect is an influence that arises because of the dependency relationship between regions, the influence given is the spread effect and the backwash effect. This study aims to determine the spillover effect of economic growth provided by one region to other regions and determine the causal relationship between economic growth between districts/cities. This research was conducted in the East Java Corridor. The data used is secondary data, namely data taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The data used is PDRB ADHK. The research method used is the VECM model and Granger Causality. The results show that the economic growth of a region to other regions between Regencies/Cities in the East Java Corridor has different effects, namely the spread effect and the backwash effect. The influence of the spread effect is smaller than the backwash effect. The relationship between economic growth between Regencies/Cities in the East Java Corridor is mostly one-way

EFEKTIVITAS E-LEARNING SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATA PELAJARAN TIK KELAS XI DI SMA NEGERI 1 DEPOK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengetahui prestasi mata pelajaran TIK di SMA Negeri 1 Depok yang diajarkan tanpa E-learning dengan yang diajarkan menggunakan E-learning, (2) Mengetahui efektivitas E-learning terhadap prestasi siswa pada mata pelajaran TIK di SMA Negeri 1 Depok. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Depok yaitu kelas XI IPA 1 (Kelompok E-learning) dan XI IPA 2 (Kelompok Bukan E-learning) dengan dengan jumlah siswa 30 orang diberikan perlakuan berupa pembelajaran menggunakan E-learning sebagai media pembelajaran, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol dengan jumlah siswa 30 orang diberikan perlakuan berupa pembelajaran tanpa menggunakan E-learning sebagai media pembelajaran. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi Eksperimen. Desain quasi yang dipilih adalah nonequivalent control group design. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Uji validasi dan uji reliabilitas berdasarkan penilaian para ahli (Judgment Expert). Teknik analisis data menggunakan rumus statistik non parametris. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Terdapat perbedaan prestasi mata pelajaran TIK di SMA Negeri 1 Depok yang diajarkan tanpa E-learning dengan yang diajarkan menggunakan E-learning. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan hasil uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z = 2.066 dan p (Asymp. Sig.) < 0,05 ; (2) E-learning efektif dapat meningkatkan prestasi siswa pada mata pelajaran TIK di SMA Negeri 1 Depok karena rata-rata peningatan nilai mata pelajaran ini yang diajarkan dengan E-learning lebih tinggi (7,5) dibanding dengan rata-rata peningatan nilai yang diajar bukan dengan E-learning (4,417)

Gravitino dark matter and baryon asymmetry from Q-ball decay in gauge mediation

We investigate the Q-ball decay in the gauge-mediated SUSY breaking. Q balls decay mainly into nucleons, and partially into gravitinos, while they are kinematically forbidden to decay into sparticles which would be cosmologically harmful. This is achieved by the Q-ball charge small enough to be unstable for the decay, and large enough to be protected kinematically from unwanted decay channel. We can then have right amounts of the baryon asymmetry and the dark matter of the universe, evading any astrophysical and cosmological observational constraints such as the big bang nucleosynthesis, which has not been treated properly in the literatures.Comment: 7 pages, 6 eps figures, footnote adde

Q-ball dark matter and baryogenesis in high-scale inflation

We investigate the scenario that one flat direction creates baryon asymmetry of the unverse, while Q balls from another direction can be the dark matter in the gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking for high-scale inflation. Isocurvature fluctuations are suppressed by the fact that the Affleck-Dine field stays at around the Planck scale during inflation. We find that the dark matter Q balls can be detected in IceCube-like experiments in the future.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, published versio