STABLE AND UNSTABLE MANIFOLDON A FREE BOUNDARY PROBLEM OFTHE CURVATURE FLOW WITH DRIVING FORCE

We study a free boundary problem for the curvature ow with driving force for a family of planar curves with two xed contact angles on the x-axis. Our aim of this paper is to analyze the dimension of stable and unstable manifolds of traveling wave solution

Auditory Cue Suppresses Visual Detection in Extreme-Periphery

Several studies found cross-modal cueing can enhance perceptual tasks; visual stimulus, for example, can be better detected with auditory cue than without it. Most studies, however, focused on a target within foveal or peripheral visual field (e.g., 20°–50° eccentricity). Neurological and behavioral studies showed auditory can complement visual perception in the periphery, but such cross-modal cueing in the extreme-periphery has been unexplored. In the present study, participants detected a dot appeared randomly in either left/right extreme-periphery (from 60°to 90°, with 5° distance). In a half of the trials, the dot was presented with a simultaneous beep as an auditory cue. The results counterintuitively indicated that auditory cue significantly decreased the visual detection in the extreme-periphery. Further pilot study implied auditory cue may be more reckoned on with widespread visual attention and produced false alarms, resulting decreased sensitivity in the extreme-periphery

Falling Pitch Imitating Doppler Shift Facilitates Detection of Visual Motion in The Extreme-Periphery

Previous studies demonstrated that concurrent auditory stimuli can bias visual motion perception in the periphery more than in the fovea (e.g., Takeshima & Gyoba, 2013), and auditory becomes crucial when reliability of vision is reduced (e.g., Schmiedchen et al., 2012). We investigated if auditory affects detecting extreme-peripheral visual motion from behind, which is possibly one of the most salient situations since visual ambiguity is very high and detecting such motion can be ecologically critical to survive. In the experiment, a sequence of three 204 ms dots (255 ms SOA) was presented in the extreme-periphery (individually set by the largest eccentricity with 75% detection); each dot was presented at 3 adjacent locations with 2° distance so as to have apparent motion forward, or at the same location. As auditory stimuli, we employed concurrent beep with falling pitch, which roughly imitated Doppler pitch shift for passing-by object. We employed concurrent beep with rising pitch as a control, in addition to another no sound control. The results showed the concurrent beep with falling pitch increased the hit rate for motion detection, relative to that with no sound and rising pitch beep. Underlying mechanism was discussed with signal detection analysis

Auditory Cue Suppresses Visual Detection in Extreme-Periphery

Several studies found cross-modal cueing can enhance perceptual tasks; visual stimulus, for example, can be better detected with auditory cue than without it. Most studies, however, focused on a target within foveal or peripheral visual field (e.g., 20°–50° eccentricity). Neurological and behavioral studies showed auditory can complement visual perception in the periphery, but such cross-modal cueing in the extreme-periphery has been unexplored. In the present study, participants detected a dot appeared randomly in either left/right extreme-periphery (from 60°to 90°, with 5° distance). In a half of the trials, the dot was presented with a simultaneous beep as an auditory cue. The results counterintuitively indicated that auditory cue significantly decreased the visual detection in the extreme-periphery. Further pilot study implied auditory cue may be more reckoned on with widespread visual attention and produced false alarms, resulting decreased sensitivity in the extreme-periphery

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The purpose of this study focussed on elucidating how university students and elementary school children are able to understand the problem of life and death through observation of chicken embryo. They observed fertile and unfertile eggs, embryos on the third and the sixth day of the incubation with the naked eye and a loupe. From the results of these investgations the following facts were elucidated. They showed much interest in chicken embryo. They were deeply impressed with the mystery and preciousness of life by the observation of chicken embryo. Therefore it is suggested that observation of chicken embryo has a good effect on the education of life

Achievements of Hinode in the first eleven years

Hinode is Japan’s third solar mission following Hinotori (1981–1982) and Yohkoh (1991–2001): it was launched on 2006 September 22 and is in operation currently. Hinode carries three instruments: the Solar Optical Telescope, the X-Ray Telescope, and the EUV Imaging Spectrometer. These instruments were built under international collaboration with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council, and its operation has been contributed to by the European Space Agency and the Norwegian Space Center. After describing the satellite operations and giving a performance evaluation of the three instruments, reviews are presented on major scientific discoveries by Hinode in the first eleven years (one solar cycle long) of its operation. This review article concludes with future prospects for solar physics research based on the achievements of Hinode