ЛУК ШАЛОТ НА СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОКЕ РОССИИ

Since 2001, the Federal Research Center for Vegetable Growing has been working with shallots in the North-Eastern zone of the country (Kirov region). Purpose of the work: to study local onion varieties on a set of economically valuable traits under vegetative and generative methods of reproduction, to select the best forms, to obtain selection samples, to identify promising numbers-future varieties, to develop technologies for their cultivation. Collected and created a collection of local varieties of shallots (2001-2006). In the period 2009-2011, selection samples were obtained with free over-dusting of local varieties of shallots on a natural background, and hybridization work was carried out. Elements of vegetative technology (2006-2008) and seed propagation of shallots (2009-2016) have been developed. As a result of the research, technological methods of vegetative and seed methods of scoop breeding in the conditions of the North-Eastern zone of Russia are substantiated. The developed elements of the seed breeding technology of the shallots are used in the selection of this species of onions using local varieties. For the North-Eastern zone of Russia and a number of regions with similar climate conditions, earlyripening varieties with a high-intensity photosynthetic sheet are relevant. The bulb should accumulate a significant amount of carbohydrates, have a delicate and juicy consistence juicy scales and tightly fitting, durable dry scales. Need a thin neck in bulbs. According to the results of the competitive testing in 2017, 3 prospective varieties were transferred to the ICG, differing in their external organoleptic characteristics, having a stable yield of 2.73.6 kg/m2, capable of storage for 9-10 months and a level of preservation of 80-90%, propagated by vegetative and seed methods.С 2001 года ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства» ведут работу с луком шалотом в Северо-Восточной зоне страны (Кировская область). Цель работы: изучить местные сортообразцы лука по комплексу хозяйственно ценных признаков при вегетативном и генеративном способах размножения, отобрать лучшие формы, получить селекционные образцы, выделить перспективные номера – будущие сорта, разработать технологии их выращивания. Проведен сбор и создана коллекция местных сортопопуляций шалота (2001-2006 годы). В период 2009-2011 годов получены селекционные образцы при свободном переопылении местных сортопопуляций шалота на естественном фоне, а также проведены работы по гибридизации. Разработаны элементы технологии вегетативного (2006-2008 годы) и семенного размножения шалота (2009-2016 годы). В результате исследований обоснованы технологические приемы вегетативного и семенного способов размножения шалота в условиях Северо-Восточной зоны России. Разработанные элементы технологии семенного размножения шалота используются при селекции этого вида лука с использованием местных сортопопуляций. Для Северо-Восточной зоны России и ряда регионов с аналогичными условиями климата актуальны скороспелые сорта, обладающие листовым аппаратом с высокой фотосинтетической активностью. Луковица должна накапливать значительное количество углеводов, иметь нежную консистенцию сочных чешуй и плотно прилегающие, прочные сухие чешуи. Необходима тонкая шейка у луковиц. По результатам конкурсного испытания в 2017 году были переданы в ГСИ 3 перспективных сортообразца, отличающиеся по внешним органолептическим показателям, имеющие стабильную урожайность на уровне 2,7-3,6 кг/м2, способные к хранению 9-10 месяцев и уровнем сохранности 80-90%, размножаемые вегетативным и семенным способами

Acid-Base Resistant Zone in Teeth with the Direct Restoration Using Different Adhesive System Generations: A Systematic Review

Objective: To find out what the acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ) is and the mechanism of its formation. Material and Methods: This systematic review was based on the search of laboratory studies in which self-etching adhesive systems were used. The electronic database PubMed was used for the search. The search began on August 2021 and ended on June 2022. We have analyzed the materials and methods of each research and entered them in the appropriate tables to give a clearer assessment of the obtained results. Results: This systematic review included 15 full-text articles published from 2011 to 2019. The ABRZ is formed on both dentine and enamel. On dentine, the ABRZ is formed only when using self-etching adhesive systems; on the enamel, on the contrary, the step of preliminary etch and rinse contributes to the formation of a thicker ABRZ. The functional monomer MDP and fluorine increase the thickness of the ABRZ and provide a hybrid layer /ABRZ boundary without defects and erosions. Conclusion: Self-etching adhesive systems ensure the creation of an ABRZ resistant to acid-base tests. This phenomenon can provide the resistance of tooth tissues to demineralization, and therefore increase their resistance to caries

Acid-Base Resistant Zone in Teeth with the Direct Restoration Using Different Adhesive System Generations: A Systematic Review

Objective: To find out what the acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ) is and the mechanism of its formation. Material and Methods: This systematic review was based on the search of laboratory studies in which self-etching adhesive systems were used. The electronic database PubMed was used for the search. The search began on August 2021 and ended on June 2022. We have analyzed the materials and methods of each research and entered them in the appropriate tables to give a clearer assessment of the obtained results. Results: This systematic review included 15 full-text articles published from 2011 to 2019. The ABRZ is formed on both dentine and enamel. On dentine, the ABRZ is formed only when using self-etching adhesive systems; on the enamel, on the contrary, the step of preliminary etch and rinse contributes to the formation of a thicker ABRZ. The functional monomer MDP and fluorine increase the thickness of the ABRZ and provide a hybrid layer /ABRZ boundary without defects and erosions. Conclusion: Self-etching adhesive systems ensure the creation of an ABRZ resistant to acid-base tests. This phenomenon can provide the resistance of tooth tissues to demineralization, and therefore increase their resistance to caries

Growth-Enhancing Mechanism in Transition Countries: Cooperative Effect of Foreign Direct Investment and Financial Development

Current research examines the interdependence between foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development and economic growth. The relationship between the variables in question is studied with reference to transition economies (28 former centrally planned economies). The period of observation covers the transition from centrally planned to market economies 1989-2007. The relationship is analysed using panel data regression models, factor analysis and cointegration tests. The paper suggests that FDI and financial development exert a complementary effect on economic growth, although the latter appears to be insignificant. At the same time, the research provides evidence that FDI is likely to compensate the underdevelopment of financial sector. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org

SHALLOTS IN THE NORTH-EAST OF RUSSIA

Since 2001, the Federal Research Center for Vegetable Growing has been working with shallots in the North-Eastern zone of the country (Kirov region). Purpose of the work: to study local onion varieties on a set of economically valuable traits under vegetative and generative methods of reproduction, to select the best forms, to obtain selection samples, to identify promising numbers-future varieties, to develop technologies for their cultivation. Collected and created a collection of local varieties of shallots (2001-2006). In the period 2009-2011, selection samples were obtained with free over-dusting of local varieties of shallots on a natural background, and hybridization work was carried out. Elements of vegetative technology (2006-2008) and seed propagation of shallots (2009-2016) have been developed. As a result of the research, technological methods of vegetative and seed methods of scoop breeding in the conditions of the North-Eastern zone of Russia are substantiated. The developed elements of the seed breeding technology of the shallots are used in the selection of this species of onions using local varieties. For the North-Eastern zone of Russia and a number of regions with similar climate conditions, earlyripening varieties with a high-intensity photosynthetic sheet are relevant. The bulb should accumulate a significant amount of carbohydrates, have a delicate and juicy consistence juicy scales and tightly fitting, durable dry scales. Need a thin neck in bulbs. According to the results of the competitive testing in 2017, 3 prospective varieties were transferred to the ICG, differing in their external organoleptic characteristics, having a stable yield of 2.73.6 kg/m2, capable of storage for 9-10 months and a level of preservation of 80-90%, propagated by vegetative and seed methods

Distortions of receiving antenna radiation patterns on tropospheric paths

Distortions of instant antenna radiation patterns beyond a line-of-sight are investigated by means of mathematical modelling. The model of the inhomogeneous atmosphere includes a limited number of local inhomogeneities in the form of bumps of the random field above the predetermined level. The results of the field calculation of directional antennas using the proposed medium model are consistent with experimental data about distortions of instant radiation patterns in main and side lobes

THE TREATMENT OF REVERSIBLE PULPITIS USING CALCIUM HYDROXIDE FOR INDIRECT PULP CAPPING

Vital pulp therapy is a biologic and conservative treatment to preserve the vitality and function of the pulp tissue. Indirect pulp capping is one of the techniques which can be done with Ca(OH)2. The success rate of using Ca(OH)2 during treatment of reversible pulpitis isn’t so high. And the reactivity of the vital pulp is reduced when exposed to an aggressive calcium hydroxide-based material. According to the international classification of diseases, reversible pulpitis is considered as K04.00 - initial pulpitis. The purpose of this review article is to assess systematically the available scientific evidence about the clinical response of pulp-dentin complex after using Ca(OH)2 for indirect pulp capping. Materials and methods: The study of publications was produced in the electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed during a systematic review of the literature. Included articles contain information about using Ca(OH)2 during treatment of initial pulpitis and its side effects. The publication date criterion was selected from January 2011 to July 2021. Results: 55 articles were viewed during the review. After analyzing the literature for inclusion criteria, the total number of publications has become 10. Conclusions: According to literature data, the using calcium hydroxide for indirect pulp capping during treatment of the reversible (initial) pulpitis is decreasing due to the side effects and clinical response from dentin pulp complex.Биологический метод лечения - это консервативное лечение для сохранения жизнеспособности и функции ткани пульпы. Непрямое покрытие пульпы - один из биологических методов, который может быть выполнен с помощью гидроксида кальция. Вероятность успеха при применении гидроксида кальция при лечении обратимого пульпита не очень высока. Реактивность витальной пульпы при воздействии агрессивного материала на основе гидроксида кальция снижается. По международной классификации болезней обратимый пульпит рассматривается как К04.00 - начальный пульпит. Целью данной обзорной статьи является систематическая оценка имеющихся научных данных о клиническом ответе комплекса пульпа-дентин после использования гидроксида кальция для непрямого покрытия пульпы. Материалы и методы. В ходе систематического обзора литературы производилось изучение публикаций в электронных базах данных, таких как Google Scholar, PubMed. Включенные статьи содержат информацию об использовании гидроксида кальция при лечении обратимого пульпита и его побочных действиях. В качестве критерия даты публикации был выбран период с января 2011 года по июль 2021 года. Результаты: в ходе обзора было просмотрено 55 статей. После анализа литературы по критериям включения общее количество публикаций составило 10. Выводы. Согласно литературным данным, использование гидроксида кальция для непрямого покрытия пульпы при лечении обратимого пульпита прекращается из-за побочных эффектов и неблагоприятного клинического ответа со стороны комплекса дентин-пульпа