Acaricidal efficiency of solar 50 % new emulsifiable concentrate formulation against the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions

Oils are some of the most efficient and secure alternatives to synthetic fungicides, acaricides and insecticides used as pesticides for decades. Around the world, mineral oils are a potential pesticide against many pests. To provide novel active ingredients and new pesticide formulations to the pesticide industry, the major goal of this research was to formulate one of the petroleum fractions and test its acaricidal efficiency against two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Solar's physical features were put to the test. Then, it was prepared as an emulsifiable concentrate following the guidelines provided by specialized pesticide organizations for this kind of formulation. The novel formulation was subsequently biologically tested against T. urticae adults in the lab, and it demonstrated good acaricidal activity with an LC50 of 4548 ppm. Under greenhouse conditions, it was also tested against T. urticae immature, adults (males and females) and number of deposited eggs. There was a direct correlation for all stages between concentration, the percentage of immature and adult mortality, and the percentage of egg-hatching inhibition. In the case of the immature, 100% mortality was shown after 7 days of treatment. However, in the case of adult males and females, 100% mortality was shown after 3 days of treatment. Additionally, after 14 days from treatment, it entirely stopped egg depositing. The new formulation might be applied to manage the TSSM.

Microemboli versus hypoperfusion as an etiology of acute ischemic stroke in Egyptian patients with watershed zone infarction

Abstract Background Brain perfusion is most likely to be impaired in border zone regions, and clearance of emboli will be most impaired in these regions of least blood flow. Severe occlusive disease of the internal carotid artery causes both embolization and decreased perfusion as well as some cardiac diseases that cause microembolization. Objectives To differentiate between hypoperfusion and microemboli as etiology of acute ischemic stroke in watershed zone. Subject and methods Fifty patients of acute ischemic stroke in watershed zones were recruited within 7 days from stroke onset. Methods used were transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring for the intracranial vessels to detect microembolic signals and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) perfusion image to detect hypoperfusion signs. Results We detect embolic causes of watershed infarction (WSI) by using TCD with 61.1% sensitivity and 84.4% specificity and hypoperfusion causes of WSI by using MRI perfusion studies with 94.9% sensitivity and 54.5% specificity. Conclusion We detected the etiology of WSI, either embolic by using TCD or hypoperfusion by using MRI perfusion. The embolic causes of WSI usually cause external or mixed WSI, and hypoperfusion causes of WSI cause internal WSI

Synthesis and in-vitro study of pyrimidine-phthalimide hybrids as VEGFR-2 inhibitors with Anti-proliferative activity - supplementary material

   Highlights: 1. Synthesis of different thalidomide analogues starting from 6-aminouracil through the attachment of phthalimide and 2,4-dichloropyrimidine. 2. In-silico ADMET studies showed that compounds represent good oral bioavailable drug candidates that can pass the gut wall but not the blood - brain barrier with any potential side effects to the liver. 3. All compounds were non-mutagenic and non-carcinogenic using an in-silico toxicity prediction tool. 4. Most of the compounds demonstrated good oral bioavailability and good gastrointestinal absorption with no possible adverse effects on the liver or CNS. In addition. 5. Compounds showed anti-proliferative activity against four cell lines Hepatocellular carcinoma (HEPG-2), Mammary gland breast cancer (MCF-7), Colorectal carcinoma Colon cancer (HCT-116), and Human prostate cancer (PC-3) compared to Thalidomide and Doxorubicin.7d, 5f, 5g and 6 showed weak anti-proliferative activity. 7a, 5b, 5d and 5e showed the moderate anti-proliferative activity while 4,7c, 5a and 5c showed high anti-proliferative activity with selective cytotoxicity. 6. 4, 7c, 5a and 5c showed in-vitro inhibitory activity of VEGFR-2 and were capable of binding at VEGFR-2 binding site in an inhibitory mode. Flow-cytometric analysis of cell cycle distribution and apoptosis on MCF-7 showed that 7c arrested the cell cycle at the S phase and increased the ratio of total apoptotic cells by 50 folds (37.68%) compared to 0.75% in untreated cells.</p

Long-term effect of sleeve gastrectomy surgery on Hormonal Profile, Semen Parameters and sexual functions of obese infertile men; a prospective observational study

Abstract Background The effect of bariatric surgery on impaired semen parameters, hormonal profile and sexual function remains controversial to some extent. The context and purpose of the study To look at the long-term effects of sleeve gastrectomy on hormonal profiles, sperm parameters, and sexual function in infertile men with severe obesity. This prospective study included fifty-four obese patients with primary or secondary infertility who were scheduled for sleeve gastrectomy between February 2018 and March 2021. All participants were given a sperm analysis and a serum hormone profile before, 12, and 18 months after surgery. We used the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire to assess sexual function. Results There was a significant correlation between weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy and improvement in lipid profile (p < 0.05). No significant detectable effect of post-gastrectomy weight loss on patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or obstructive sleep apnea. As regards the hormonal profile, sex hormone binding globulin, total and free testosterone improved significantly after 12- and 18-months following sleeve gastrectomy. There was a significant increase in sperm count and total sperm number during the follow-up after sleeve gastrectomy (p < 0.05), however, there were no significant changes in other semen parameters. Concerning sexual function, sexual desire, erectile function, and satisfaction improved significantly at 12 and 18 months after surgery. Conclusion Weight loss through sleeve gastrectomy surgery significantly improves testosterone deficiency, sexual performance, and Sperm count in obese infertile men