When Shall We Sell Our Corn?

The cost of storing corn in the crib on the farm is made up of three main items, shrink, interest and insurance, and destruction by vermin. The biggest item of cost is the shrink, or loss of moisture. This amounts to about 10 percent. This shrink, however, is offset or more than offset by the highest price received for the improved grade which results from the shrink. Interest and insurance come to nearly half a cent a bushel a month. It costs half a cent a bushel, therefore, to store corn, if the loss by vermin, or the cost of a rat-proof crib, is not included. If it is included, the total cost of storing corn is a cent a bushel a month. On the average, the price of corn rises from winter to summer· more than enough to cover this cost. After big crops, the price of corn usually rises more than it docs after small crops. After small crops, the price of corn may not rise enough to cover the cost of storing. It is advisable, then, to store corn after a big or average crop, but not after a crop 95 percent of average size, or smaller. This rule worked 21 times out of the last 23 years. If tho price of No. 3 yellow corn does not rise above say 90 cents at Chicago this winter, the chances are 11 to 1 that it will pay better to store corn until next summer than to sell it this winter

Does Iowa Dump Its Grain?

Do the farmers of Iowa dump their cash corn and oats on the market at harvest time, or are their sales well spread out thru the year? Do they sell their grain when prices are high, or do they hit the low price spots rather than the high ones? For corn, the answer is different for different parts of the state

The trend of corn prices

Since the war, the purchasing power of corn has fallen 25 percent. In terms of 1913 dollars, corn now is worth only 75 percent as much as it was before the war. A farmer who sells a load of corn today gets about as much money for it as he used to, it is true; but that money will not buy as much of other goods as it would before the war. The price of corn has gone up since the war, but the prices of other things have gone up more than the price of corn; they have gone up 25 percent more. In actual fact, corn now is worth only 75 percent as much as it was before the war. Figure 1 shows the situation in terms of 1913 dollars. This chart shows that previous to the war the purchasing power of corn had been rising steadily for many years. The population of the United States was growing rapidly, and the livestock industry was expanding in response to the constantly growing demand for food. This in turn resulted in a continual increase in the demand for corn and other feed grains. Settlers poured into the Middlewest, but the demand for corn increased faster than the supply. The trend of corn purchasing power rose steadily from the time of the Civil War to the end of the recent World War, at the rate of about 1/2 cent per bushel per year

An interdisciplinary study to explore impacts from policies for the introduction of low carbon vehicles

Driven by concerns of climate change, governments across the world are introducing a number of policies to accelerate the uptake of low carbon vehicles (LCVs), with a specific focus on electric motors. However, there is uncertainty in the effectiveness of such policies and technology pathways, which are inherently interlinked. This article considers the short-term situation to 2020 and focuses on the concern that these policies may bring about some disproportionate impacts in society due to changes in mobility. An ethical framework is established that seeks to balance obligations to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and rights to car ownership, then selected policies are modelled within this framework to assess acceptability of implementation. Although these policies are successful in introducing LCVs and reducing GHG emissions, findings also indicate uneven cost burdens and reduced affordability of car ownership. Following this, recommendations for policy amendments and model improvements are made

Should I Stay or Should I go? Founder Power and Exit via Initial Public Offering

Founders can voluntarily exit their ventures via initial public offerings (IPOs). In this study, we build on power theory to develop and test a model of founder exit using a dataset of 313 founders from 177 entrepreneurial IPOs between 2002 and 2010. We largely find support for the model—a negative relationship between founder power and full exit. To capture the underlying mechanism of the power-exit relationship, we conducted two experiments in which we randomly assigned decision makers to either a high- or low-power condition. We find that decision makers in the low-power condition are more likely to use a full exit via IPO than those in the high-power condition and that frustration mediates this relationship. However, founders can also engage in partial exits, including a managerial partial exit in which the founder leaves management but keeps ownership and a financial partial exit in which the founder divests ownership but remains in management. We find that the negative relationship between founder power and exit is more negative for full exits than partial exits. With this paper, we contribute to the literature on exit by identifying a novel mechanism—frustration—underlying power’s influence on the likelihood and type of founder exit

Persistence and photochemical decay of springtime total ozone anomalies in the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model

The persistence and decay of springtime total ozone anomalies over the entire extratropics (midlatitudes plus polar regions) is analysed using results from the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM), a comprehensive chemistry-climate model. As in the observations, interannual anomalies established through winter and spring persist with very high correlation coefficients (above 0.8) through summer until early autumn, while decaying in amplitude as a result of photochemical relaxation in the quiescent summertime stratosphere. The persistence and decay of the ozone anomalies in CMAM agrees extremely well with observations, even in the southern hemisphere when the model is run without heterogeneous chemistry (in which case there is no ozone hole and the seasonal cycle of ozone is quite different from observations). However in a version of CMAM with strong vertical diffusion, the northern hemisphere anomalies decay far too rapidly compared to observations. This shows that ozone anomaly persistence and decay does not depend on how the springtime anomalies are created or on their magnitude, but reflects the transport and photochemical decay in the model. The seasonality of the long-term trends over the entire extratropics is found to be explained by the persistence of the interannual anomalies, as in the observations, demonstrating that summertime ozone trends reflect winter/spring trends rather than any change in summertime ozone chemistry. However this mechanism fails in the northern hemisphere midlatitudes because of the relatively large impact, compared to observations, of the CMAM polar anomalies. As in the southern hemisphere, the influence of polar ozone loss in CMAM increases the midlatitude summertime loss, leading to a relatively weak seasonal dependence of ozone loss in the Northern Hemisphere compared to the observations

Gamification techniques for raising cyber security awareness

Due to the prevalence of online services in modern society, such as internet banking and social media, it is important for users to have an understanding of basic security measures in order to keep themselves safe online. However, users often do not know how to make their online interactions secure, which demonstrates an educational need in this area. Gamification has grown in popularity in recent years and has been used to teach people about a range of subjects. This paper presents an exploratory study investigating the use of gamification techniques to educate average users about password security, with the aim of raising overall security awareness. To explore the impact of such techniques, a role-playing quiz application (RPG) was developed for the Android platform to educate users about password security. Results gained from the work highlightedthat users enjoyed learning via the use of the password application, and felt they benefitted from the inclusion of gamification techniques. Future work seeks to expand the prototype into a full solution, covering a range of security awareness issues

The Business Case for a Journey Planning and Ticketing App—Comparison between a Simulation Analysis and Real-World Data

Successful development of “Mobility-as-a-Service” (MaaS) schemes could be transformative to our transport systems and critical for achieving sustainable cities. There are high hopes for mobile phone applications that offer both journey planning and ticketing across all the available transport modes, but these are in their infancy, with little understanding of the correct approach to business models and governance. In this study, we develop a system dynamics diffusion model that represents the uptake of such an app, based on one developed and released in West Yorkshire, UK. We perform sensitivity and uncertainty tests on user uptake and app operating profitability, and analyse these in three key areas of marketing, competition, and costs. Comparison to early uptake data is included to demonstrate accuracy of model behaviour and would suggest market failure by month 12 without stronger marketing, even if additional tickets and functions are offered. In response to this, we offer further insights on the need for direct targeted marketing to ensure mass market adoption, the importance of understanding a realistic potential adopter pool, the awareness of competing apps, and the high uncertainty that exists in this market

Emerging single-cell tools are primed to reveal functional and molecular heterogeneity in malignant hematopoietic stem cells.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The recent emergence of single-cell technologies has permitted unprecedented insight into the molecular drivers of fate choice in blood stem and progenitor cells. This review gives a broad overview of current efforts to understand the molecular regulators of malignant hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) at the single-cell level. RECENT FINDINGS: The large-scale adoption of single-cell approaches has allowed extensive description of the transcriptional profiles and functional properties of single HSCs. These techniques are now beginning to be applied to malignant HSCs isolated directly from patients or from mouse models of malignancy. However, these studies have generally struggled to pinpoint the functional regulators of malignant characteristics, since malignant HSCs often differ in more than one property when compared with normal HSCs. Moreover, both normal and malignant populations are complicated by HSC heterogeneity. SUMMARY: Despite the existence of single-cell gene expression profiling tools, relatively few publications have emerged. Here, we review these studies from recent years with a specific focus on those undertaking single-cell measurements in malignant stem and progenitor cells. We anticipate this to be the tip of the iceberg, expecting the next 2-3 years to produce datasets that will facilitate a much broader understanding of malignant HSCs

Planetary wave activity in the polar lower stratosphere

La articulación entre comunicación y educación implica mirar los procesos educativos en sentido amplio (Buenfil Burgos, 1992), y la comunicación en toda su complejidad, y no sólo lo que atañe directamente a los medios de comunicación (Huergo, 2001). En este campo, la experiencia y la vida cotidiana toman central preponderancia, ya que es ahí donde se aprende a nombrar el mundo y a leer sus normas. Huergo retoma la construcción del campo Comunicación/Cultura que propone Schmucler (1984) y plantea la indivisibilidad entre comunicación/educación. Esta propuesta requiere analizar procesos desde sus contextos históricos, con un claro énfasis en su implicancia política y, fundamentalmente, desde un posicionamiento de emancipación en los términos que propone Martín-Barbero (1989). Desde esta perspectiva, la comunicación/educación tiene como horizonte que las desigualdades sean cada vez menos y, en cambio, establecer nuevos órdenes sociales con subjetividades más libres. La reactualización del campo demanda pensar hoy cómo se producen experiencias educativas que resulten emancipadoras desde un lugar que incluya la dimensión de género como nodal. El desafío de esta investigación está dado por situar la noción de género como perspectiva y como categoría de análisis. La transversalidad de la dimensión de género apunta a evitar la segregación de los "asuntos de género" o "de mujeres" a un lugar separado y asilado del resto de los temas y decisiones. Adoptar esta perspectiva feminista es una apuesta epistemológica por su dimensión crítica desde la cual se propone, ante el objetivismo de la ciencia positiva, reconocer que el conocimiento es siempre parcial. Esta perspectiva retoma la noción de que la construcción de conocimiento es siempre situada, en concordancia con la propuesta de Donna Haraway (1995), los saberes son válidos en un contexto histórico, cultural, social determinado. Consiste en analizar cómo se constituye la economía del poder entre los géneros, cristalizada en roles y estereotipos activos, que en términos de Joan Scott constituyen "la forma primaria de relaciones significantes de poder" (1996). Por otro lado, hay una valoración del género por su dimensión política. Nos interesa recuperar lo que acontece en las prácticas educativas que se proponen abordar temas de género ya que desde la mirada de Buenfil Burgos (1992) se trata de instancias de fuerte formación subjetiva en la que se producen interpelaciones donde los sujetos se reconocen, modifican, reafirman y transforman sus prácticas cotidianas. Es decir, los procesos de comunicación y educación representan e implican prácticas de interpelación, en las cuales se manifiestan contenidos valorativos, conceptuales, y a partir de la matriz de identificación, que la misma interpelación contiene, el/la sujeta/o se reconoce, se adhiere a esa producción simbólica, lo que puede llevar a reafirmar o transformar sus propias prácticas culturales. La intención de esta investigación será profundizar los estudios en la articulación comunicación/educación/género para reflexionar en torno a la construcción de discursos y pedagogías de género, relevar experiencias educativas, describir sus puntos de tensión y de encuentro. Así como también, analizar las tensiones epistemológicas y temáticas presentes en este campo que está en construcción.Universidad Nacional de La Plat