The contribution of cooking appliances and residential traffic proximity to aerosol personal exposure

Purpose Indoor and outdoor factors affect personal exposure to air pollutants. Type of cooking appliance (i.e. gas, electricity), and residential location related to traffic are such factors. This research aims to investigate the effect of cooking with gas and electric appliances, as an indoor source of aerosols, and residential traffic as outdoor sources, on personal exposures to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter lower than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and ultrafine particles (UFP). Methods Forty subjects were sampled for four consecutive days measuring personal exposures to three aerosol pollutants, namely PM2.5, BC, and UFP, which were measured using personal sensors. Subjects were equally distributed into four categories according to the use of gas or electric stoves for cooking, and to residential traffic (i.e. houses located near or away from busy roads). Results/conclusion Cooking was identified as an indoor activity affecting exposure to aerosols, with mean concentrations during cooking ranging 24.7–50.0 μg/m3 (PM2.5), 1.8–4.9 μg/m3 (BC), and 1.4 × 104 –4.1 × 104 particles/cm3 (UFP). This study also suggest that traffic is a dominant source of exposure to BC, since people living near busy roads are exposed to higher BC concentrations than those living further away from traffic. In contrast, the contribution of indoor sources to personal exposure to PM2.5 and UFP seems to be greater than from outdoor traffic sources. This is probably related to a combination of the type of building construction and a varying range of activities conducted indoors. It is recommended to ensure a good ventilation during cooking to minimize exposure to cooking aerosols

Hen’s egg white hypersensitivity among a group of Egyptian atopic children

Background: Egg allergy is potentially life-threatening. The prevalenceof egg allergy in Egypt is still unclear. This study is to evaluate thefrequency of egg hypersensitivity in a group of Egyptian atopic children.Methods: Eighty allergic children were enrolled, each is subjected toclinical evaluation, skin prick testing (SPT) using a commercial eggwhite extract, and serum egg white specific IgE (SpIgE) estimation. Sixpatients with suspected egg allergy consent to perform open oral eggchallenge. Results: Twenty-eight patients had history of exacerbation oftheir allergic diseases upon exposure to egg white, of these patients, 8had negative SPT and serum egg white SpIgE. SPT was positive in 25(31.2%) patients, of these patients, 3 (4%) were +3, 22 (28%) were +2,of whom 5 patients tolerate eggs without adverse effects. Serum eggwhite SpIgE was positive in 19 (24%) patients with a mean of 0.81 IU/ml(range: 0.35-4.52 IU/ML). Egg white allergy based on positive history,positive SPT and/or egg white SpIgE was detected in 23 (28.8%)patients. Open oral egg challenge was positive in one patient withpositive history but negative tests giving an overall frequency of eggallergy of 30 % (n=24).While egg white SpIgE did not correlate with theages, positive SPT was significantly more frequent among youngerpatients (t= 1.7, p=0.02). Egg sensitization and allergy did not affect theseverity of asthma (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Although positive SPT/ serumspecific IgE to eggs are good tools for diagnosis, oral food challengeremains the gold standard in suspected cases. Further wide-scale studiesare needed to outline the real prevalence of egg allergy in Egypt.Keywords: Egg allergy; children; skin prick test

A Case of Inferior Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Ventricular Septal Rupture Leading to Cardiogenic Shock: Tandem Heart to the Rescue!

Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare but life-threatening complication of acute myocardial infarction. We present a case of VSR-related refractory cardiogenic shock that was successfully managed with TandemHeart® followed by surgical repair

Detection of resistance against anti-helminths drugs in gastrointestinal nematodes of calves using fecal egg count reduction test FECRT

The species of parasite, low dose, and continual employ of the same drug may predispose to the evolution of anthelmintic resistance AR. In Mosul, Iraq, this is the first study investigating AR in gastrointestinal GIT nematodes of calves. Four hundred eighty fecal samples through a cross-sectional survey were examined using the Mini-FLOTAC. A herd of calves consisting of 60 male calves was divided into four groups of 15 calves: group A counted as control, group B was treated with Reemazol® 25% (Albendazole) 7.5 mg/kg of body weight orally, group C received Dufazan® (Levamisole and Oxyclozanide) 7.5 mg/kg BW orally, and group D gave Ivermectin 1% by S/C injection 0.2 mg/kg BW. The efficacy asset employs the Fecal Egg Reduction Test (FECRT). AR judgment obtains relying on the instructions of the World Association of advancement for Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP). GIT nematode prevalence was 50.6%. The effectiveness of mentioned drugs was 84, 87, and 95%, respectively. The lower limit confidence interval 95% level was 89, 86, and 80%, respectively, indicating AR to albendazole and levamisole, while ivermectin was questionable. In conclusion, the high prevalence of GIT nematodes in Mosul indicate that AR is present against the three classes of deworming drugs. Awareness of the associated aspects and sources of resistance is essential to face and minimize the development of resistant worms

Advances in Manufacturing Technology XXVII: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Manufacturing Research (ICMR2013)

ICMR2013 was organised by Cranfield University on the 19-20 September 2013. The conference focuses on any aspects of product development, manufacturing technology, manufacturing systems, information systems and digital technologies. It provides an excellent avenue for researchers to present state-of-the-art multidisciplinary manufacturing research and exchange ideas. In addition to the four keynote speeches from Airbus and Rolls-Royce and three invited presentations, there are 108 papers in these proceedings. These papers are split into 24 technical sessions. The International Conference on Manufacturing Research is a major event for academics and industrialists engaged in manufacturing research. Held annually in the UK since the late 1970s, the conference is renowned as a friendly and inclusive environment that brings together a broad community of researchers who share a common goal; developing and managing the technologies and operations that are key to sustaining the success of manufacturing businesses. For over two decades, ICMR has been the main manufacturing research conference organised in the UK, successfully bringing researchers, academics and industrialists together to share their knowledge and experiences. Initiated a National Conference by the Consortium of UK University Manufacturing Engineering Heads (COMEH), it became an International Conference in 2003. COMEH is an independent body established in 1978. Its main aim is to promote manufacturing engineering education, training and research. To achieve this, the Consortium maintains a close liaison with government bodies concerned with the training and continuing development of professional engineers, while responding to the appropriate consultative and discussion documents and other initiatives. COMEH is represented on the Engineering Professor’s council (EPC) and it organises and supports national manufacturing engineering education research conferences and symposia

Comprehensive Study on Tool Wear During Machining of Fibre-Reinforced Polymeric Composites

© 2021 Springer-Verlag. The final publication is available at Springer via https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4153-1.The use of fibre reinforced polymeric (FRP) composites has increased rapidly, especially in many manufacturing (aerospace, automobile and construction) industries. The machining of composite materials is an important manufacturing process. It has attracted several studies over the last decades. Tool wear is a key factor that contributes to the cost of the machining process annually. It occurs due to sudden geometrical damage, frictional force and temperature rise at the tool-work interaction region. Moreover, tool wear is an inevitable, gradual and complex phenomenon. It often causes machined-induced damage on the workpiece/FRP composite materials. Considering the geometry of drill, tool wear may occur at the flank face, rake face and/or cutting edge. There are several factors affecting the tool wear. These include, but are not limited to, drilling parameters and environments/conditions, drill/tool materials and geometries, FRP composite compositions and machining techniques. Hence, this chapter focuses on drilling parameters, tool materials and geometries, drilling environments, types of tool wear, mechanisms of tool wear and methods of measurement of wear, effects of wear on machining of composite materials and preventive measures against rapid drill wear. Conclusively, some future perspectives or outlooks concerning the use of drill tools and their associated wears are elucidated, especially with the advancement in science and technology.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Institutional Experience with Voriconazole Compared with Liposomal Amphotericin B as Empiric Therapy for Febrile Neutropenia

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90034/1/phco.27.7.970.pd

State-of-the-art in product service-systems

A Product Service-System (PSS) is an integrated combination of products and services. This western concept embraces a service-led competitive strategy, environmental sustainability, and the basis to differentiate from competitors who simply offer lower priced products. This paper aims to report the state-of-the-art of PSS research by presenting a clinical review of literature currently available on this topic. The literature is classified and the major outcomes of each study are addressed and analysed. On this basis, this paper defines the PSS concept, reports on its origin and features, gives examples of applications along with potential benefits and barriers to adoption, summarises available tools and methodologies, and identifies future research challenges

H2‐free synthesis of aromatic, cyclic and linear oxygenates from CO2

The synthesis of oxygenate products, including cyclic ketones and phenol, from CO2 and water in the absence of gas‐phase H2 has been demonstrated. The reaction takes place in sub‐critical conditions at 300 °C and pressure at room temperature of 25 barg. This is the first observation of the production of cyclic ketones by this route, and represents a step towards the synthesis of chemical products including methanol, without relying on fossil sources or H2 ‐ which carries a high carbon footprint in its production by conventional methods. Inspiration for these studies is taken directly from natural processes occurring in hydrothermal environments around ocean vents. Reactions over Al2O3 and zeolite‐based catalysts have, for the first time, demonstrated the ability to use catalyst properties such as acidity and pore size to direct the reaction towards specific products. These catalysts enhance the production of longer‐chained species (up to C8) with respect to conventional Fe catalysts due to the role of acid sites in catalysing rapid oligomerisation reactions. Notably, zeolite‐based catalysts promoted the formation of cyclic ketones. These proof‐of‐concept studies show the potential of this process to contribute sustainable development through either targeting methanol production, as part of ‘methanol economy’ or longer‐chained species including aromatics phenol and cyclic ketones