Strukturelle und semantische besonderheiten der landwirtschaftlichen lexik

Diese Analyse zeigt die Produktivitat der obengenannten Wortbildungsarten, und zwar, die Zusammensetzungen kommen am haufugsten vor, die W. Fleischer und andere Sprachforscher als produktivste genannt haben. Der Berufswortbestand enthalt meist keine Expressivitat, die oft zu den Vielfältigkeit in der gesprochener Sprache fuhrtye

Design of a High-Q Diamond-Loaded Cavity for a Third-Harmonic Subterahertz Gyrotron Driven by a Low-Power Electron Beam

A continuous-wave (CW) high-harmonic gyrotron driven by a low-power electron beam is a compact radiation source demanded by terahertz applications. Its physical feasibility, however, is hampered by ohmic losses and mode competition in the gyrotron cavity. An ultralow-loss diamond loading of the cavity can give a clue to this problem. This article is concerned with theoretical aspects of mode selection and design for a gyrotron cavity loaded with coaxial rod made of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond. As an example, the design of a high-Q diamond-loaded cavity for a third-harmonic 658-GHz gyrotron powered by a 0.1-A, 15-kV electron beam is presented. It is shown that the designed cavity enables the gyrotron to produce up to 116-W output power in a single oscillating mode

Highly efficient double ionization of mixed alkali dimers by intermolecular Coulombic decay

As opposed to purely molecular systems where electron dynamics proceed only through intramolecular processes, weakly bound complexes such as He droplets offer an environment where local excitations can interact with neighbouring embedded molecules leading to new intermolecular relaxation mechanisms. Here, we report on a new decay mechanism leading to the double ionization of alkali dimers attached to He droplets by intermolecular energy transfer. From the electron spectra, the process is similar to the well-known shake-off mechanism observed in double Auger decay and single-photon double ionization, however, in this case, the process is dominant, occurring with efficiencies equal to, or greater than, single ionization by energy transfer. Although an alkali dimer attached to a He droplet is a model case, the decay mechanism is relevant for any system where the excitation energy of one constituent exceeds the double ionization potential of another neighbouring molecule. The process is, in particular, relevant for biological systems, where radicals and slow electrons are known to cause radiation damageComment: accepted as Nature Physic

To the issue of transformation of 'old industrial area' geobrand through example of Sverdlovsk Region

The authors of the article present the results of theoretical and methodological review of term 'old industrial area', in the result of which its features and identical problems of functioning were identified. Similarity of such regions is demonstrated in correlation of economic downfall with level of social strain; difficulty of industrial fields transformation; disinclination to accessibility of innovations; imperfection of financial institutions and problems of industrial heritage valorization. Transformation of 'old industrial area' is considered through example of Sverdlovsk Region. The authors defined several directions of its implementation and explained geotransformation of the considered region from a historically developed image of a 'state stronghold' to the image of developing region with modern capital acquiring features of international metropolitan city. The article describes formation of new dynamically developing image of 'capital area' for Sverdlovsk Region having innovative path of evolution in terms of ability to engage young people both from different parts of Russia and various countries. Taking into account a number of facts it is also the evidence that intensification of trend of migration to the capital of Sverdlovsk Region for educational reasons is directly related to its image of a big city. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

The Russian Arctic: innovative possibilities at the turn of the past and the future

Under the growth of the geopolitical tension a political, economic and symbolic meanings of the Russian presence in the Arctic region take on special significance. The theme of an innovation development of the Arctic and its symbolic sense for the citizens of our country are actual for the modern political discourse. The considerable scientific and technical reserve accumulated during the Soviet period and representation of the Arctic as a major symbolic resource for Russian people that helps to determine the sense of patriotism and the pride for the country can promote the growth of the authority of Russia in the region. The development of the Arctic is being conducted in two ways: expansion of the extraction of hydrocarbons and strengthening of a military and political presence. The Russian consolidation in the Arctic can potentially increase the state status in the international community. However, in order to pretend to the strong positions in the region it is absolutely necessary to answer to the arctic technological challenge by the innovative technologies and decisions

Real-time dynamics of the formation of hydrated electrons upon irradiation of water clusters with extreme ultraviolet light

Free electrons in a polar liquid can form a bound state via interaction with the molecular environment. This so-called hydrated electron state in water is of fundamental importance e.g.~in cellular biology or radiation chemistry. Hydrated electrons are highly reactive radicals that can either directly interact with DNA or enzymes, or form highly excited hydrogen (H∗) after being captured by protons. Here, we investigate the formation of the hydrated electron in real-time employing XUV femtosecond pulses from a free electron laser, in this way observing the initial steps of the hydration process. Using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy we find formation timescales in the low picosecond range and resolve the prominent dynamics of forming excited hydrogen states

Inelastic scattering of photoelectrons from He nanodroplets

We present a detailed study of inelastic energy-loss collisions of photoelectrons emitted from He nanodroplets by tunable extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation. Using coincidence imaging detection of electrons and ions, we probe the lowest He droplet excited states up to the electron impact ionization threshold. We find significant signal contributions from photoelectrons emitted from free He atoms accompanying the He nanodroplet beam. Furthermore, signal contributions from photoionization and electron impact excitation/ionization occurring in pairs of nearest-neighbor atoms in the He droplets are detected. This work highlights the importance of inelastic electron scattering in the interaction of nanoparticles with XUV radiation

Difficulties of succession pipeline in large industrial enterprises of Nizhny Tagil in studies of tendencies of competitiveness of higher technical education

There have been significant changes in the higher education system in Russia recently. The possibility to apply for post-secondary education to several universities according to the results of the Unified State Examination (USE) and the transition to the two-level structure of higher education have significantly changed the landscape of competitiveness not only between individual universities, but also between large cities, which have become centers of mass attraction of applicants and young specialists. The number of students studying federally funded has been decreasing over the years. As a result, regional universities suffer a shortage of applicants, while local industrial enterprises suffer a shortage of young qualified personnel. The described problems are fully demonstrated in the system of higher education and training of young engineering personnel for large industrial enterprises in Nizhny Tagil. The article reviews the results of the study on the motivational field of academic migration of young people from the Nizhny Tagil city, conducted in February-March 2020. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

PERMITTIVITY DISPERSION FEATURES OF A NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL WITH QUANTUM DOTS

Subject of Research. The paper deals with research of dielectric properties of suspensions for a nematic liquid crystal (LC) with positive dielectric anisotropy Δε = 10.5, doped with semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) CdSe / ZnS, and dependence on their concentration in the range of 0.05-0.3 wt. %. Methods. The studies were carried out by the method of dielectric spectroscopy. A special flat titanium cell with the distance between the electrodes equal to 250 μm was used for the measurement. The voltage was applied to the electrodes. The dispersion of parallel and normal parts of the real and imaginary components of the dielectric permittivity was measured in the range from 50 Hz to 6.5 MHz at the orienting magnetic field equal to 4 • 105 A / m applied to a cell. Main Results. Deviation of the permittivity spectra of suspensions with QDs concentration growth was observed from a spectrum of the pure LC. It was caused by losses of free ions on the conductivity at frequencies below 103 Hz. The shift of a peak in the suspension spectrum at frequencies above 106 Hz is associated with relaxation of the LC molecules orientation. It has been shown that lowering in the range of 103 -104 Hz with concentration increasing up to 0.3 wt. % did not exceed 4%. Practical Relevance Obtained results give the possibility to explain the change in macroscopic properties of the liquid crystal as a result of doping

Bushes of Nonlinear Normal Modes in Single-Layer Graphene

In-plane vibrations in uniformly stretched single-layer graphene (space group P6mm), which are described by the Rosenberg nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) and their bushes, are studied with the aid of group-theoretical methods developed by authors in some earlier papers. It was found that only 4 symmetry-determined NNMs (one-dimensional bushes), as well as 14 two-dimensional bushes are possible in graphene. They are exact solutions to the dynamical equations of this two-dimensional crystal. The verification of group-theoretical results with the aid of ab initio simulations based on density functional theory is discussed