Identification of the Factors Affecting the Quality of Education at Secondary School Level Students in Tehsil Faisalabad

Every last individual has the fundamental right to education. Without direction no nation will be gaining ground. The training framework in Pakistan is confronting different issues now a days. It is important to analyze the factors that influence the implementation of the students, and to get low or high ratings from the students. The execution of the understudies in scholastic isn't just affected by their own attributes talented by the nature yet in addition different components are associated with these achievements. For the monetary and social improvement of the general public, it is important to give our youngsters the quality training. As of late, the majority of the endeavors have been made to look out the components that influence the student execution. Today, in the age of the revolution of globalization and development, schooling is viewed as a opener for any individual initiative. It performs as a critical act for the advancement of human cardinal and linked with an individual’s contentment and convenience for better living. The purpose of0this study is0to examine and0explore those factors0that can affect0the student’s education quality at secondary level. There are many reasons which effects on the student’s education like personal causes, institutional causes, family causes, socio-economic causes etc. Keywords: Improvement, learning, factors affecting students’ performance, influence DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-18-21 Publication date:June 30th 202

Awareness About Diabetes And Its Complications Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Objective: Awareness of diabetes and its potential complications is crucial for effective management and prevention of long-term health risks. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness and understanding of diabetes and its complications among patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as per the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes patients were excluded from the study. The duration of the study was 8 months. The patient’s awareness regarding diabetes and its complications was assessed as per the prefixed questionnaire.  Analysis of the data was carried out with SPSS version 28. The Chi-square test was used to investigate the association of awareness of diabetes mellitus with various independent variables variable as age and duration of diabetes. The level of statistical significance was p <0.05. Results: Among the participants, 80 (40%) were male and 120 (60%) were female. A significant portion of patients 73 (36.5%) were never informed about diabetes or its complications. 69 (34%) of patients were never educated about the symptoms of hypoglycemia. 142 (71%) of the patients had a glucometer and 88 (44%) participants had poor follow-up and never checked HbA1C. Moreover, Patients with longer diabetes duration were more likely to visit ophthalmologists at regular intervals (P value 0.023). 111 (56%) never checked their urine for proteinuria and 172 (86%) were aware that diabetes can affect their kidneys. Foot care and awareness of diabetic foot complications were lacking among patients. 48 (24%) examined their feet daily, 66 (33%) never examined their feet, and 73 (36%) were never told about foot care by their doctors. The statistically significant impact of age on patients' knowledge regarding blood sugar levels (P=0.009) and foot care (P=0.013) Conclusion: There is a significant lack of awareness among individuals with diabetes, highlighting the urgent need for educational initiatives. Both the public and private healthcare sectors should take the responsibility of providing awareness programs

Comparison Of ALT In Type 2 Diabetics with And Without Fatty Liver Disease

Objective: To determine the association of alanine aminotransferase in type 2 diabetic patients with and without fatty liver disease. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done for six months at Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zaid Al-Nahyan Hospital Rawalakot. In our study, we included all the patients who presented to the outpatient department (OPD) having type 2 diabetes mellitus. Their age, gender, height, weight, and duration of diabetes mellitus were noted. Their liver function test (LFTS), fasting blood sugar and HBA1c, and fasting lipid profile were also done at the time of their OPD visit and results were noted. They were given an appointment for an ultrasound abdomen from the radiology department for detection of fatty liver disease and the results were noted on the next OPD visit. Results: Total study population was 90 patients and out of which 35 (38.8%) were male and 55 (61.1%) were female. 58 years was the mean age of our study population. Fatty liver was present in 50% of patients. ALT was raised from a baseline value of 36 in 61% of patients while fasting blood sugar was raised in 83% of patients. The mean fasting blood sugar was 208 mg/dl. ALT was not significantly different in patients with and without fatty liver disease. However, it was found that patients with uncontrolled blood glucose levels have significantly raised ALT which was also statistically proven as the P value was less than 0.05. Also, patients with high blood glucose have a higher incidence of fatty liver disease as compared with normal blood glucose level patients but the difference was not statistically significant as shown by a P value more than 0.05. Conclusion: Fatty liver disease is more common in Type 2 diabetic patients with uncontrolled blood sugar. There is a high rate of raised ALT in diabetic patients whose blood sugar control is not optimum

Cellulose-based materials and their adsorptive removal efficiency for dyes: A review

Dyes are emerging as harmful pollutants, which is one of major issues for the environmentalists and there is a urgent need for the removal of dyes from the effluents. In this context, the adsorption technology has been extensively used as an effective tool for the removal of dyes from the aqueous phase. This technique uses low-cost adsorbents and the cellulosic material is a biodegradable, cost-effective and renewable polymer, which is not soluble in the majority of solvents because of its crystalline nature and hydrogen bonding. Currently, the modified cellulosic materials for the removal of dyes from wastewater gained much attention. Moreover, the application of cellulose for water treatment can be utilized for controlling pollution and have high economic viability and availability. This review signifies the use of cellulose-based adsorbent for dyes adsorption from wastewater. The key advancement in the preparation and modification of cellulose-based adsorbents is discussed and their adsorption efficiencies are compared with other adsorbents for removal of dyes and adsorption conditions are also considered for the same. The studies reporting cellulose-based adsorption from 2003 to 2022 are included and their various properties are compared for the efficient removal of dyes. The modified cellulosic materials cellulose is a highly effective adsorbent for the remediation of effluents

Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

The development and validation of a scoring tool to predict the operative duration of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: The ability to accurately predict operative duration has the potential to optimise theatre efficiency and utilisation, thus reducing costs and increasing staff and patient satisfaction. With laparoscopic cholecystectomy being one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide, a tool to predict operative duration could be extremely beneficial to healthcare organisations. Methods: Data collected from the CholeS study on patients undergoing cholecystectomy in UK and Irish hospitals between 04/2014 and 05/2014 were used to study operative duration. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was produced in order to identify significant independent predictors of long (> 90 min) operations. The resulting model was converted to a risk score, which was subsequently validated on second cohort of patients using ROC curves. Results: After exclusions, data were available for 7227 patients in the derivation (CholeS) cohort. The median operative duration was 60 min (interquartile range 45–85), with 17.7% of operations lasting longer than 90 min. Ten factors were found to be significant independent predictors of operative durations > 90 min, including ASA, age, previous surgical admissions, BMI, gallbladder wall thickness and CBD diameter. A risk score was then produced from these factors, and applied to a cohort of 2405 patients from a tertiary centre for external validation. This returned an area under the ROC curve of 0.708 (SE = 0.013, p  90 min increasing more than eightfold from 5.1 to 41.8% in the extremes of the score. Conclusion: The scoring tool produced in this study was found to be significantly predictive of long operative durations on validation in an external cohort. As such, the tool may have the potential to enable organisations to better organise theatre lists and deliver greater efficiencies in care

Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of COVID-19: The PAN-COVID study

Objective To assess perinatal outcomes for pregnancies affected by suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods Prospective, web-based registry. Pregnant women were invited to participate if they had suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1st January 2020 and 31st March 2021 to assess the impact of infection on maternal and perinatal outcomes including miscarriage, stillbirth, fetal growth restriction, pre-term birth and transmission to the infant. Results Between April 2020 and March 2021, the study recruited 8239 participants who had suspected or confirmed SARs-CoV-2 infection episodes in pregnancy between January 2020 and March 2021. Maternal death affected 14/8197 (0.2%) participants, 176/8187 (2.2%) of participants required ventilatory support. Pre-eclampsia affected 389/8189 (4.8%) participants, eclampsia was reported in 40/ 8024 (0.5%) of all participants. Stillbirth affected 35/8187 (0.4 %) participants. In participants delivering within 2 weeks of delivery 21/2686 (0.8 %) were affected by stillbirth compared with 8/4596 (0.2 %) delivering ≥ 2 weeks after infection (95 % CI 0.3–1.0). SGA affected 744/7696 (9.3 %) of livebirths, FGR affected 360/8175 (4.4 %) of all pregnancies. Pre-term birth occurred in 922/8066 (11.5%), the majority of these were indicated pre-term births, 220/7987 (2.8%) participants experienced spontaneous pre-term births. Early neonatal deaths affected 11/8050 livebirths. Of all neonates, 80/7993 (1.0%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions Infection was associated with indicated pre-term birth, most commonly for fetal compromise. The overall proportions of women affected by SGA and FGR were not higher than expected, however there was the proportion affected by stillbirth in participants delivering within 2 weeks of infection was significantly higher than those delivering ≥ 2 weeks after infection. We suggest that clinicians’ threshold for delivery should be low if there are concerns with fetal movements or fetal heart rate monitoring in the time around infection

نسل کشی اور انسانی تقدس؛ قرآن و حدیث کے تناظر میں ایک تنقیدی جائزہ: A Critical analysis of Genocide and Human Sanctity; in the Context of Quran and Hadith

Allah Almighty bestowed upon man the honor of "the best of creatures", exalted him to the highest rank of virtue and greatness, and the angels prostrated to man. He created man in the best of forms and crowned him with the "احسن تقویم" and proclaimed the sanctity of his soul in his great book. Islam is a religion of nature and nature is fully compatible with all the essential requirements of human beings. Therefore, the survival of human life, the cultural needs of human beings and the fulfillment of all the essential requirements of peace and tranquility are through it. Therefore, the protection of human life, which is a basic need for the establishment of any society, Islam has also given priority to the life of every human being. It is man's right to live, it is his duty to let others live, Islam has fully taken care of this right and duty. After reading about the situation in Muslim countries in particular and the world in general, everyone is realizing that those who are genociding each other in the name of religion and racial pride. And they are humiliating humanity so much or they are so far away from their religion that they do not realize that the religion they follow is in any case a violation of human life or in the name of religion and race does not allow genocide because human life is highly respected in the teachings of all the prophets. And this religion is the teachings of Islam. We will review Islamic teachings