Jumlah bilangan mikroorganisma pada tangan jururawat sebelum dan selepas pencucian tangan :kajian saringan di wad medikal Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Latar Belakang: Pencucian tangan ialah salah satu kaedah yang efektif untuk memutuskan rantaian jangkitan silang eli hospital. Objektif: Untuk mengenalpasti jumlah bilangan mikroorganisma pada tangan jururawat sebelum dan selepas pencucian tangan, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi jumlah bilangan mikroorganisma selepas pencucian tangan dan jenis aktiviti jagaan kesihatan yang menyumbang kepada kontaminasi tangan. Metod: Penyelidikan ini dilakukan di wad medikal HUSM. Responden terdiri daripada 30 orang jururawat. Pemerhatian dilakukan ke atas proses pencucian tangan yang diamalkan oleh jururawat. Responden diminta menekap jejari pada agar nutrien sebelum dan selepas pencucian tangan. Selain itu, responden juga diminta untuk melakukan sebarang aktiviti jagaan kesihatan dan sampel mikrobiologi diambil selepas responden melakukan aktiviti tersebut. Keputusan: Didapati purata jumlah bilangan mikroorganisma pada tangan jururawat ialah 40.27 CFU. Jumlah bilangan mikroorganisma akan berkurangan selepas pencucian tangan. Tempoh masa pencucian tangan didapati mempengaruhi jumlah bilang mikroorganisma selepas pencucian tangan. Semakin tinggi skala Fulkerson untuk aktiviti jagaan kesihatan, semakin meningkat kadar kontaminasi pada tangan jururawat. Walau bagaimanapun, hubungan antara aktiviti jagaan kesihatan dengan kadar kontaminasi adalah tidak signiftkan. Kesimpulan: Adalah penting untuk kakitangan jagaan kesihatan untuk melakukan pencucian tangan setiap kali sebelum dan selepas menyentuh pesakit atau persekitarannya

Konstruksi Identitas Second Account Instagram Pada Masa Kampanye Pilpres 2019

ABSTRAK KONSTRUKSI IDENTITAS SECOND ACCOUNT INSTAGRAM PADA MASA KAMPANYE PILPRES 2019 Oleh: PUDJA PILORAZO SHATILLA 1410862020 Pembimbing: Dr. Rahmi Surya Dewi, M.Si Rinaldi, M.I.Kom Masa kampanye pemilihan umum memunculkan second account yang menyebarkan informasi mengenai calon presiden dan calon wakil presiden. Banyaknya hoaks yang melalui propaganda dan persepsi negatif diiringi dengan merebaknya second account di media sosial instagram. Para pengguna second account mengkonstruksi identitas mereka dengan berbagai motif. Motif tersebut terbagi dua yakni because motive dan in order motive yang mempengaruhi konstruksi identitas mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana konstruksi identitas yang dilakukan pengguna second account di instagram pada masa kampanye pemilu 2019 menggunakan teori Konstruksi Identitas oleh Manuel Castells yang membagi dalam tiga bentuk yaitu identitas legitimasi, identitas resistensi, dan identitas proyek. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan metode etnografi virtual untuk melihat aktivitas virtual para pengguna second account. Paradigma yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah konstruktivisme. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dan observasi instagram para second account. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengguna second account mengkonstruksi identitas melalui aktivitasnya di instagram dengan motif yang berbeda. Pendukung Prabowo memiliki motif lingkungan sosial, pekerjaan, agama, pendidikan, penggunaan teknologi dan motif ekonomi. Second account pendukung Jokowi memiliki motif lingkungan sosial, aktivis, pengunaan teknologi, ekonomi, dan politik. Konstruksi identitas second account pendukung Prabowo adalah @suaro_urang_awak melakukan konstruksi identitas legitimasi, @generasi_milenial02 melakukan konstruksi identitas proyek, @politicsshit melakukan konstruksi identitas resisten. Second account pendukung Jokowi @01indonesia_maju dan @jokowiindonesia_ melakukan konstruksi identitas legitimasi. Kata Kunci: Konstruksi Identitas, Second Account, Motif , Instagra

Molecular analysis of Ku redox regulation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can occur in response to ionizing radiation (IR), radiomimetic agents and from endogenous DNA-damaging reactive oxygen metabolites. Unrepaired or improperly repaired DSBs are potentially the most lethal form of DNA damage and can result in chromosomal translocations and contribute to the development of cancer. The principal mechanism for the repair of DSBs in humans is non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Ku is a key member of the NHEJ pathway and plays an important role in the recognition step when it binds to free DNA termini. Ku then stimulates the assembly and activation of other NHEJ components. DNA binding of Ku is regulated by redox conditions and evidence from our laboratory has demonstrated that Ku undergoes structural changes when oxidized that results in a reduction in DNA binding activity. The C-terminal domain and cysteine 493 of Ku80 were investigated for their contribution to redox regulation of Ku.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We effectively removed the C-terminal domain of Ku80 generating a truncation mutant and co-expressed this variant with wild type Ku70 in an insect cell system to create a Ku70/80ΔC heterodimer. We also generated two single amino acid variants of Cys493, replacing this amino acid with either an alanine (C493A) or a serine (C493S), and over-expressed the variant proteins in SF9 insect cells in complex with wild type Ku70. Neither the truncation nor the amino acid substitutions alters protein expression or stability as determined by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. We show that the C493 mutations do not alter the ability of Ku to bind duplex DNA in vitro under reduced conditions while truncation of the Ku80 C-terminus slightly reduced DNA binding affinity. Diamide oxidation of cysteines was shown to inhibit DNA binding similarly for both the wild-type and all variant proteins. Interestingly, differential DNA binding activity following re-reduction was observed for the Ku70/80ΔC truncation mutant.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Together, these results suggest that the C-terminal domain and C493 of Ku80 play at most a minor role in the redox regulation of Ku, and that other cysteines are likely involved, either alone or in conjunction with these regions of Ku80.</p

A simple quadratic nodal model for hexagonal geometry

Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1992.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-102).by Youssef A. Shatilla.Sc.D

Spatially distributed tracer-aided runoff modelling and dynamics of storage and water ages in a permafrost-influenced catchment

Data availability. The model code and the data are available upon request. Acknowledgements. This work was funded by the European Research Council (project GA 335910 VeWa). We also thank funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council's Changing Cold Regions Network and the Global Water Futures programme. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Heather Bonn, Renée Lemmond, David Barrett and Tyler de Jong for their help in the collection of field data. We acknowledge support by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Financial support. This research has been supported by the Framework 7, European Research Council (project GA 335910, VeWa grant).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Technology Options for a Fast Spectrum Test Reactor

Idaho National Laboratory in collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory has evaluated technology options for a new fast spectrum reactor to meet the fast-spectrum irradiation requirements for the USDOE Generation IV (Gen IV) and Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) programs. The US currently has no capability for irradiation testing of large volumes of fuels or materials in a fast-spectrum reactor required to support the development of Gen IV fast reactor systems or to demonstrate actinide burning, a key element of the AFCI program. The technologies evaluated and the process used to select options for a fast irradiation test reactor (FITR) for further evaluation to support these programmatic objectives are outlined in this paper

Storage, mixing and fluxes of water in the critical zone across northern environments inferred by stable isotopes of soil water

We thank Audrey Innes for isotope analysis at University of Aberdeen for Bruntland Burn and Krycklan sites, Johannes Tiwari (SLU) for isotope sampling in Krycklan, Pernilla Löfvenius (SLU) for providing PET data for Krycklan (via SITES), and Jeff McDonnell and Kim Janzen (University of Saskatchewan) for soil water isotope analysis for the Dorset and Wolf Creek sites. The Krycklan part was funded by the KAW Branch-Point project. We acknowledge the funding from the European Research Council (ERC, project GA 335910 VeWa). We thank the Editor and three anonymous reviewers for their critical comments during the peer-review process.Peer reviewedPostprin

Single-nucleotide base excision repair DNA polymerase activity in C. elegans in the absence of DNA polymerase β

The base excision DNA repair (BER) pathway known to occur in Caenorhabditis elegans has not been well characterized. Even less is known about the DNA polymerase (pol) requirement for the gap-filling step during BER. We now report on characterization of in vitro uracil-DNA initiated BER in C. elegans. The results revealed single-nucleotide (SN) gap-filling DNA polymerase activity and complete BER. The gap-filling polymerase activity was not due to a DNA polymerase β (pol β) homolog, or to another X-family polymerase, since computer-based sequence analyses of the C. elegans genome failed to show a match for a pol β-like gene or other X-family polymerases. Activity gel analysis confirmed the absence of pol β in the C. elegans extract. BER gap-filling polymerase activity was partially inhibited by both dideoxynucleotide and aphidicolin. The results are consistent with a combination of both replicative polymerase(s) and lesion bypass/BER polymerase pol θ contributing to the BER gap-filling synthesis. Involvement of pol θ was confirmed in experiments with extract from pol θ null animals. The presence of the SN BER in C. elegans is supported by these results, despite the absence of a pol β-like enzyme or other X-family polymerase

Single-nucleotide and long-patch base excision repair of DNA damage in plants

Base excision repair (BER) is a critical pathway in cellular defense against endogenous or exogenous DNA damage. This elaborate multistep process is initiated by DNA glycosylases that excise the damaged base, and continues through the concerted action of additional proteins that finally restore DNA to the unmodified state. BER has been subject to detailed biochemical analysis in bacteria, yeast and animals, mainly through in vitro reproduction of the entire repair reaction in cell-free extracts. However, an understanding of this repair pathway in plants has consistently lagged behind. We report the extension of BER biochemical analysis to plants, using Arabidopsis cell extracts to monitor repair of DNA base damage in vitro. We have used this system to demonstrate that Arabidopsis cell extracts contain the enzymatic machinery required to completely repair ubiquitous DNA lesions, such as uracil and abasic (AP) sites. Our results reveal that AP sites generated after uracil excision are processed both by AP endonucleases and AP lyases, generating either 5′- or 3′-blocked ends, respectively. We have also found that gap filling and ligation may proceed either through insertion of just one nucleotide (short-patch BER) or several nucleotides (long-patch BER). This experimental system should prove useful in the biochemical and genetic dissection of BER in plants, and contribute to provide a broader picture of the evolution and biological relevance of DNA repair pathways

Embryonic extracts derived from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans remove uracil from DNA by the sequential action of uracil-DNA glycosylase and AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) endonuclease.

DNA bases continuously undergo modifications in response to endogenous reactions such as oxidation, alkylation or deamination. The modified bases are primarily removed by DNA glycosylases, which cleave the N-glycosylic bond linking the base to the sugar, to generate an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site, and this latter lesion is highly mutagenic. Previously, no study has demonstrated the processing of these lesions in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Herein, we report the existence of uracil-DNA glycosylase and AP endonuclease activities in extracts derived from embryos of C. elegans. These enzyme activities were monitored using a defined 5'-end (32)P-labelled 42-bp synthetic oligonucleotide substrate bearing a single uracil residue opposite guanine at position 21. The embryonic extract rapidly cleaved the substrate in a time-dependent manner to produce a 20-mer product. The extract did not excise adenine or thymine opposite guanine, although uracil opposite either adenine or thymine was processed. Addition of the highly specific inhibitor of uracil-DNA glycosylase produced by Bacillus subtilis to the extract prevented the formation of the 20-mer product, indicating that removal of uracil is catalysed by uracil-DNA glycosylase. The data suggest that the 20-mer product was generated by a sequential reaction, i.e., removal of the uracil base followed by 5'-cleavage of the AP site. Further analysis revealed that product formation was dependent upon the presence of Mg(2+), suggesting that cleavage of the AP site, following uracil excision, is carried out by a Mg(2+)-dependent AP endonuclease. It would appear that these activities correspond to the first two steps of a putative base-excision-repair pathway in C. elegans