Powerline Communication: Efficient Communication Considerations

This paper focuses on the efficiency considerations while implementing Powerline Communication. The OFDM modulation scheme is deliberated, before introducing the adaptation of Hadamard Coded Modulation. The BER and Peak-to-average ratio (PAPR ) of OFDM are discussed in conjuncture with those of Hadamard Coded Modulation. Further discussions are made on reducing DC Bias without significant Information Loss and concept of interleaving for dispersive channels. Security of system is also preconceived

Effect of atenolol and enalapril treatment on oxidative stress parameters in patients with essential hypertension

Background: Oxidative stress has emerged as an importantfactor in the pathophysiologyof hypertension. It alsocontributes to variouscomplicationsassociated with hypertension like vascular injury, atherosclerosis, renal dysfunction, and hypertensive end-organ damage. Present study was done to evaluate the effect of atenololand enalapril, twocommonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs, on oxidative stress in patients with hypertension.Method: Sixty newly diagnosed hypertensive patients wererandomlyassigned to either atenolol (n = 30) or enalapriltherapy(n = 30) and followed up forthe period ofthree months. Twenty normotensive healthy volunteers served as control.Plasma malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and catalaselevelswere measuredat the time of enrollment and at the end of three months of antihypertensive treatment.Results: Plasmamalondialdehyde was significantly increased whereas superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly reduced in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients compared to controls. After three months of enalapril therapy, plasmamalondialdehydewassignificantly reduced and superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantlyelevated. Atenolol therapyhad no effect on theseoxidative stress parameters.Conclusions: Enalapril therapy significantly reduced oxidative stress in contrast toatenolol.Thus enalapriltherapymay prove beneficial compared to atenolol bypreventing oxidative stressand related complications inhypertension in view of life long therapy required for the treatment of hypertension

Role of interface charges on high-k based poly-Si and aetal gate nano-scale MOSFETs

The characteristics of typical sub-100 nm high K gate dielectrics MOSFET with different gate materials are simulated by two dimensional device simulators (ATLAS and ATHENA). The impact of interface charges on the characteristics of Poly-Si and TiN metal gate MOSFETs are investigated. The simulation results shows that, at high interface charge densities, the devices with Poly-Si gate degrade much compared to metal gate MOSFET structures. Emphasis is given to study the mobility degradation which stands as a major hurdle with the implementation of high-k dielectrics in nano-scale devices. The advantages of using Watt model over other models for the extraction of channel mobility is also clearly explained. The performance of the high-k MOSFET with metal electrode and poly-silicon electrode is also compared for various interface state charges. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2788

Study on Strength and Self-Healing Behaviour of Bio-Concrete

Micro cracks are very commonly observed in concrete structures. Due to increased permeability through these micro cracks, durability of concrete structures reduces by the entry of chemical through these micro pores particularly in moist environments. In the field, crack repair is labour intensive. It is more advisable to restrict the early age small cracks the moment they appear instead of repairing after large cracks formed. In order to increase the durability of concrete against these commonly observed pores in concrete structures, autogenous pore refinement method can be adopted so that monitoring of the structure against these micro pores can be avoided. By using the principle of Biomineralization, Bacteria forms the Calcium precipitations which is usually called microbial induced calcite precipitation (MIC) .In the present work, the bacteria which will grow in the high alkaline media is chosen since concrete is highly alkaline material and cultured in the controlled medium to get the desired concentration of cells. In the present work, Un-identified and Bacillus sphericus bacterial broth is used for the study. It is observed that these bacteria when mixed with concrete at the concentration of 106 cells per ml, the compressive strength is increased by 36.36 % and 13.63 % and for 107 concentrations of cells, the un-identified bacteria show the increase of compressive strength as 29.56 %. Modulus of elasticity of concrete is increased by 23.78 % and 31 % for both bacteria at the concentration of 106 cells per ml of water and Split tensile strength is increased by 23.5 % and 28.5 % for concentration 106 and 107 cells of Bacillus sphericus. SEM and EDAX analysis reveals the deposition of calcium carbonate Keywords: Self-healing, bio mineralization, strengt

Neck linker docking is critical for Kinesin-1 force generation in cells but at a cost to motor speed and processivity.

Kinesin force generation involves ATP-induced docking of the neck linker (NL) along the motor core. However, the roles of the proposed steps of NL docking, cover-neck bundle (CNB) and asparagine latch (N-latch) formation, during force generation are unclear. Furthermore, the necessity of NL docking for transport of membrane-bound cargo in cells has not been tested. We generated kinesin-1 motors impaired in CNB and/or N-latch formation based on molecular dynamics simulations. The mutant motors displayed reduced force output and inability to stall in optical trap assays but exhibited increased speeds, run lengths, and landing rates under unloaded conditions. NL docking thus enhances force production but at a cost to speed and processivity. In cells, teams of mutant motors were hindered in their ability to drive transport of Golgi elements (high-load cargo) but not peroxisomes (low-load cargo). These results demonstrate that the NL serves as a mechanical element for kinesin-1 transport under physiological conditions

DLTS and in situ C–V analysis of trap parameters in swift 50 MeV Li3+ ion-irradiated Ni/SiO2/Si MOS capacitors

Ni/SiO2/Si MOS structures were fabricated on n-type Si wafers and were irradiated with 50 MeV Li3+ ions with fluences ranging from 1×1010 to 1×1012 ions/cm2. High frequency C–V characteristics are studied in situ to estimate the build-up of fixed and oxide charges. The nature of the charge build-up with ion fluence is analyzed. Defect levels in bulk Si and its properties such as activation energy, capture cross-section, trap concentration and carrier lifetimes are studied using deep-level transient spectroscopy. Electron traps with energies ranging from 0.069 to 0.523 eV are observed in Li ion-irradiated devices. The dependence of series resistance, substrate doping and accumulation capacitance on Li ion fluence are clearly explained. The study of dielectric properties (tan δ and quality factor) confirms the degradation of the oxide layer to a greater extent due to ion irradiation

Secure Intrusion Detection System for MANETs Using Triple-DES Algorithm

Networking is the process of accessing, exchanging or sharing the information. Packet switching plays a vital role in data transfer. Compared to wired network, wireless network has more data transferring. MANETs and WSN are the most common forms of Wireless media; in MANETs nodes are deployed or distributed in Ad-hoc way and they are communicating or exchange message using wireless Transmission. Security is a measure concern in Mobile Ad-hoc Network because MANETs have wide distribution of node and open medium; therefore, it becomes vulnerable and is easy for malicious hackers to attack

Comparative evaluation of Hand, Rotary and Reciprocation motion on Dentin thickness and instrumentation time in Primary anterior teeth using CBCT: An observational study

Ultimate goal of BMP is to extirpate the pulp tissue completely, microorganisms, debris & shaping the canal which preserves the original course of the canal to receive an obturating material. Due to various morphological challenges present in deciduous root canal, there is high demand of an improved quality & design of file system with less working length to prevent undesirable complication & reduce treatment time. Aim: To evaluate & inter-compare the dentin thickness and instrumentation time in root dentin of deciduous teeth after BMP in Hand, Rotary & Reciprocation motion with single-file systems. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 60 extracted primary single rooted teeth with un-resorbed roots were included in the study. Teeth were divided into three groups consisting of 20 teeth in each group. In Group-1 Root canal preparation was done with pediatric Hand files, In Group-2 with pediatric Single-file system in rotary motion and in Group-3 with pediatric Single-file system in reciprocating motion. Teeth were scanned before & after preparation with CBCT. Segments were analyzed for dentin thickness at 3mm,5mm and 7mm respectively. Instrumentation time was recorded by an assistant. RESULTS: Mean instrumentation time of Rotary was least as compared to Reciprocation & Hand respectively, instrumentation time taken by hand filing was significantly higher. Reciprocating filing helps in better dentin debridement at apical and the middle third and no difference was found at the coronal third among all three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Reciprocating filing helps in better dentin debridement and rotary instrumentation requires least time for canal preparation. Key words:Hand Files, Rotary Files, Reciprocating motion, CBCT