7,412 research outputs found
Enhanced chiral logarithms in partially quenched QCD
I discuss the properties of pions in ``partially quenched'' theories, i.e.
those in which the valence and sea quark masses, and , are
different. I point out that for lattice fermions which retain some chiral
symmetry on the lattice, e.g. staggered fermions, the leading order prediction
of the chiral expansion is that the mass of the pion depends only on , and
is independent of . This surprising result is shown to receive corrections
from loop effects which are of relative size , and which thus
diverge when the valence quark mass vanishes. Using partially quenched chiral
perturbation theory, I calculate the full one-loop correction to the mass and
decay constant of pions composed of two non-degenerate quarks, and suggest
various combinations for which the prediction is independent of the unknown
coefficients of the analytic terms in the chiral Lagrangian. These results can
also be tested with Wilson fermions if one uses a non-perturbative definition
of the quark mass.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, uses psfig. Typos in eqs (18)-(20) corrected
(alpha_4 is replaced by alpha_4/2
Quantization of Fayet-Iliopoulos Parameters in Supergravity
In this short note we discuss quantization of the Fayet-Iliopoulos parameter
in supergravity theories. We argue that in supergravity, the Fayet-Iliopoulos
parameter determines a lift of the group action to a line bundle, and such
lifts are quantized. Just as D-terms in rigid N=1 supersymmetry are interpreted
in terms of moment maps and symplectic reductions, we argue that in
supergravity the quantization of the Fayet-Iliopoulos parameter has a natural
understanding in terms of linearizations in geometric invariant theory (GIT)
quotients, the algebro-geometric version of symplectic quotients.Comment: 21 pages, utarticle class; v2: typos and tex issue fixe
Introduction to the new usability
This paper introduces the motivation for and concept of the "new usability" and positions it against existing approaches to usability. It is argued that the contexts of emerging products and systems mean that traditional approaches to usability engineering and evaluation are likely to prove inappropriate to the needs of "digital consumers." The paper briefly reviews the contributions to this special issue in terms of their relation to the idea of the "new usability" and their individual approaches to dealing with contemporary usability issues. This helps provide a background to the "new usability" research agenda, and the paper ends by posing what are argued to be the central challenges facing the area and those which lie at the heart of the proposed research agenda
Linear stability of planar premixed flames: reactive Navier-Stokes equations with finite activation energy and arbitrary Lewis number
A numerical shooting method for performing linear stability analyses of travelling waves is described and applied to the problem of freely propagating planar premixed flames. Previous linear stability analyses of premixed flames either employ high activation temperature asymptotics or have been performed numerically with finite activation temperature, but either for unit Lewis numbers (which ignores thermal-diffusive effects) or in the limit of small heat release (which ignores hydrodynamic effects). In this paper the full reactive Navier-Stokes equations are used with arbitrary values of the parameters (activation temperature, Lewis number, heat of reaction, Prandtl number), for which both thermal-diffusive and hydrodynamic effects on the instability, and their interactions, are taken into account. Comparisons are made with previous asymptotic and numerical results. For Lewis numbers very close to or above unity, for which hydrodynamic effects caused by thermal expansion are the dominant destablizing mechanism, it is shown that slowly varying flame analyses give qualitatively good but quantitatively poor predictions, and also that the stability is insensitive to the activation temperature. However, for Lewis numbers sufficiently below unity for which thermal-diffusive effects play a major role, the stability of the flame becomes very sensitive to the activation temperature. Indeed, unphysically high activation temperatures are required for the high activation temperature analysis to give quantitatively good predictions at such low Lewis numbers. It is also shown that state-insensitive viscosity has a small destabilizing effect on the cellular instability at low Lewis numbers
Hadronic Electromagnetic Properties at Finite Lattice Spacing
Electromagnetic properties of the octet mesons as well as the octet and
decuplet baryons are augmented in quenched and partially quenched chiral
perturbation theory to include O(a) corrections due to lattice discretization.
We present the results for the SU(3) flavor group in the isospin limit as well
as the results for SU(2) flavor with non-degenerate quarks. These corrections
will be useful for extrapolation of lattice calculations using Wilson valence
and sea quarks, as well as calculations using Wilson sea quarks and
Ginsparg-Wilson valence quarks.Comment: 19 pages, 0 figures, RevTeX
Thermodynamics of lattice QCD with 3 flavours of colour-sextet quarks
We have been studying QCD with 2 flavours of colour-sextet quarks to
distinguish whether it is QCD-like or conformal. For comparison we are now
studying QCD with 3 flavours of colour-sextet quarks, which is believed to be
conformal in the chiral limit. Here we present the results of simulations of
lattice QCD with 3 colour-sextet quarks at finite temperatures on lattices of
temporal extent and 6, with masses small enough to yield access to the
chiral limit. As for the 2-flavour case, we find well-separated deconfinement
and chiral-symmetry restoration transitions, both of which move to appreciably
weaker couplings as is increased from 4 to 6. If this theory is
conformal, we would expect there to be a bulk chiral transition at a fixed
coupling. For this reason we conclude that for and 6, the chiral and
hence the deconfinement transitions are in the strong-coupling domain where the
theory is essentially quenched. The similarity between the behaviours of the 2
and 3 flavour theories suggested that the and 6 transitions for the
2-flavour theory also lie in the strong-coupling domain. The phase structure of
both theories is very similar.Comment: 17 pages Latex(Revtex), 7 postscript figure
Chiral Perturbation Theory for the Quenched Approximation of QCD
[This version is a minor revision of a previously submitted preprint. Only
references have been changed.] We describe a technique for constructing the
effective chiral theory for quenched QCD. The effective theory which results is
a lagrangian one, with a graded symmetry group which mixes Goldstone bosons and
fermions, and with a definite (though slightly peculiar) set of Feynman rules.
The straightforward application of these rules gives automatic cancellation of
diagrams which would arise from virtual quark loops. The techniques are used to
calculate chiral logarithms in , , , and the ratio of
to . The leading
finite-volume corrections to these quantities are also computed. Problems for
future study are described.Comment: 14 page
Are men funnier than women, or do we just think they are?
Despite the widely held view that men are funnier than women, research supporting this view is inconsistent. Instead, the view that men are funnier than women may be a stereotype rather than a reflection of real differences in humor. Considering a previously found source memory bias in the attribution of funnier captions to men and less funny captions to women, this stereotype may be working to further perpetuate this mistaken belief. The current study aims to investigate this possible stereotype and further investigate an attribution bias arising from this stereotype. Two-hundred and twenty-eight participants from three countries (Britain, Canada, and Australia) rated the funniness of male and female-authored cartoon captions while blind to the gender of the caption authors. Participants were then asked to guess the gender of the caption authors and were also asked which gender they believe to be the funniest. Participants both male and female believed men are the funniest gender. However, this belief was not reflected in their ratings of the funniness of the cartoon captions. Support was found for a bias in attributing male authorship to the funniest cartoon captions, and female authorship to the least funny cartoon captions. This bias cannot not be attributed to source memory. It was suggested this stereotype may be self-fulfilling in nature and additional mechanisms maintaining this stereotype are proposed
Partial Flavor Symmetry Restoration for Chiral Staggered Fermions
We study the leading discretization errors for staggered fermions by first
constructing the continuum effective Lagrangian including terms of O(a^2), and
then constructing the corresponding effective chiral Lagrangian. The terms of
O(a^2) in the continuum effective Lagrangian completely break the SU(4) flavor
symmetry down to the discrete subgroup respected by the lattice theory. We
find, however, that the O(a^2) terms in the potential of the chiral Lagrangian
maintain an SO(4) subgroup of SU(4). It follows that the leading discretization
errors in the pion masses are SO(4) symmetric, implying three degeneracies
within the seven lattice irreducible representations. These predictions hold
also for perturbatively improved versions of the action. These degeneracies are
observed, to a surprising degree of accuracy, in existing data. We argue that
the SO(4) symmetry does not extend to the masses and interactions of other
hadrons (vector mesons, baryons, etc), nor to higher order in a^2. We show how
it is possible that, for physical quark masses of O(a^2), the new SO(4)
symmetry can be spontaneously broken, leading to a staggered analogue of the
Aoki-phase of Wilson fermions. This does not, however, appear to happen for
presently studied versions of the staggered action.Comment: 26 pages, 2 figures (using psfig). Version to appear in PRD
(clarifications added to introduction and section 6; typos corrected;
references updated
Hadron Masses from the Valence Approximation to Lattice QCD
We evaluate pseudoscalar, vector, spin 1/2 and spin 3/2 baryon masses
predicted by lattice QCD with Wilson quarks in the valence (quenched)
approximation for a range of different values of lattice spacing, lattice
volume and quark mass. Extrapolating these results to physical quark mass, then
to zero lattice spacing and infinite volume we obtain values for eight mass
ratios. We also determine the zero lattice spacing, infinite volume limit of an
alternate set of five quantities found without extrapolation in quark mass.
Both sets of predictions differ from the corresponding observed values by
amounts consistent with the predicted quantities' statistical uncertainties.Comment: 108 pages of Latex, including 50 PostScript figures, tarred,
compressed and uuencoded. IBM-HET-94-3. (The first version of this posting
exceeded the size limit. I squeezed the second version in by dropping out the
figues. This version gets the figures in but has to be run through Latex and
dvips.
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