Network Intrusion Detection Using a Deep Learning Approach

Due to the extensive use and evolution in the cyber world, different network attacks have recently increased significantly. Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack has become one of the fatal threats to the Internet, where attackers send massive amounts of packets to the target system to make online systems unavailable to legitimate users. Proper attack detection measurement is crucial to defend against these attacks. This work proposes a deep learning-based model using a contractive autoencoder to detect anomalies. We train our model to learn the normal traffic pattern from the compacted representation of the input data, and then apply a stochastic threshold method to detect the attack. Three renowned IDS datasets have been used for evaluation—CIC-IDS2017, NSL-KDD, and CIC-DDoS2019. We have assessed the results against a basic autoencoder and other deep learning approaches to show our model efficacy. Our results indicate a successful intrusion detection of the proposed method with an accuracy ranging between 93.41% and 97.58% on the CIC-DDoS2019 dataset. Moreover, it achieved an accuracy of 96.08% and 92.45% on NSL-KDD and CIC-IDS2017 datasets, respectively

A Novel Design and Implementation of New Double Feynman and Six-correction logic (DFSCL) gates in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA)

In recent years, quantum cellular automata (QCA) have been used widely to digital circuits and systems. QCA technology is a promising alternative to CMOS technology. It is attractive due to its fast speed, small area and low power consumption. The QCA offers a novel electronics paradigm for information processing and communication. It has the potential for attractive features such as faster speed, higher scale integration, higher switching frequency, smaller size and low power consumption than transistor based technology. In this paper, Double Feynman and Six-correction logic gate (DFSCL) is proposed based on QCA logic gates: MV gate and Inverter gate. The proposed circuit is a promising future in constructing of nano-scale low power consumption information processing system and can stimulate higher digital applications in QCA

Multiplex-PCR protocol development for rapid screening of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp

This study was aimed to develop a faster single step multiplex PCR protocol for the simultaneous detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) with its host (i.e. shrimp) as internal positive control. To do so, four combinations of primer were tested (I. 16S rRNA+Lo F1R1; II. 16S rRNA+Lo F2R2; III. 16S rRNA+Lo F1R2; IV. 16S rRNA+Lo F2R1) which were selected based on two pairs of WSSV specific primer (Lo F1R1 and Lo F2R2) and one pair of shrimp specific primer (16S rRNA). DNA extracted from WSSV infected shrimp were amplified by PCR in a single tube using each of the primer combinations and the thermal cycling conditions as well as reagent compositions were optimized. All the primer combinations yielded their expected band sizes with stronger band resolution intensity that indicated the development of four multiplex PCR protocols. The developed multiplex protocols reduced the chance of cross contamination and these were found to be faster, single step and unique with less effort and resource use. Considering sensitivity and specificity, among the protocols, we suggested the protocols based on 16S rRNA+Lo F1R1 and/or 16S rRNA+Lo F2R2 primer combinations for rapid and routine screening of WSSV in shrimp PL, juvenile and adult

Current status of bacterial contamination in some fish species of Bakkhali river Estuary, Bangladesh

The present study aims to investigate the isolation of human pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. Shigella spp. and Vibrio spp.) and in gills, intestines, skin of fishes of Bakkhali River Estuary, Cox’s Bazar. A total of 50 fish species (25 of Pomadasys hasta and 25 of Glossogobius giuris) were collected from two sampling stations namely Station-1 (Rumalia Chara) and Station-2 (Kusturi Ghat). Bacterial analyses were made by standard methods. Total heterotrophic bacterial load of the isolates was found to be lower than the recommended public health and standard. However, the highest pathogenic bacterial (E. coli, Salmonella spp. Shigella spp. and Vibrio spp.) count at Station-2 might be due to the contamination of municipal and domestic wastes and discharges from small industries that constitute the main pollution source of this estuarine river. Skin was found to be the most preferred organs for higher bacterial load compared to intestine and lower count was recorded in gills. Further research on the microbial quality assessment should be undertaken to prevent pollution of this river estuary

Human papillomavirus genotype distribution among colposcopy diagnosed cervical precancerous lesions

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the primary causes of gynaecological cancer death. Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer worldwide, and it is the second most common cancer in Bangladesh. The stage of cervical cancer at diagnosis has a significant impact on survival. Cervical cancer mortality is high in Bangladesh due to late detection and limited management facilities. The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype among colposcopy diagnosed cervical precancerous lesions. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of gynecological oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka. Total of 142 women attending the colposcopy clinic of BSMMU. Results: The mean age was found 38.7±7.3 years with a range from 30 to 60 years. 10 (7.0%) patients were found HPV 16 positive followed by 1 (0.7%) HPV 18, another hr-HPV 3 (2.1%), HPV 16 and other hr-HPV 3 (2.1%) and HPV 16, HPV 18 and other hr-HPV 1 (0.7%). Regarding colposcopy reports 99 (69.7%) patients had CIN I, 33 (23.7%) had CIN II and 10 (7.0%) had CIN III identification by colposcopy reports. 61 (43.0%) patients had CIN I followed by 15 (10.6%) had CIN II, 11 (7.7%) had CIN III, 7 (4.9%) had CIS, and 48 (33.8%) had normal or squamous metaplasia by histopathological reports. Conclusions: It can be concluded that among all the 14 hr-HPV genotype HPV 16 is more prevalent while HPV18 prevalence was very low in colposcopy diagnosed cervical precancer cases. The study revealed HPV16 was more common among high grade lesions

Evaluation of current physical symptoms and psychological sufferings of patients during attending department of palliative medicine in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Empirical evidence indicates that anxiety and depression in cancer patients are often overlooked, leading to insufficient assistance for their psychosocial needs. Distinguishing between clinical anxiety and depression and the typical emotional distress post-cancer diagnosis can be challenging but holds significant implications for coping strategies and outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess current physical symptoms and psychological sufferings of patients’ during attending in a Palliative care department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted among 191 patients with cancer attending the department of palliative medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from November 2021 and March 2022. Data was collected by face‐to‐face interview using a structured questionnaire. Depression and anxiety were evaluated using a modified version of the primary care evaluation of mental disorders guide. Results: 47 participants (20.7% prevalence of depressive disorders and 13.9% prevalence of anxiety disorders) met the diagnostic criteria for at least one anxiety or depressive disorder, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. The 95% confidence interval for these results was between 20.2 and 29.0. Conclusions: In summary, depression and anxiety disorders are prevalent among patients in palliative care, significantly reducing the quality of life for those facing cancer-related mortality

Hydrogeochemical quality and suitability studies of groundwater in northern Bangladesh

Agriculture, rapid urbanization and geochemical processes have direct or indirect effects on the chemical composition of groundwater and aquifer geochemistry. Hydro-chemical investigations, which are significant for assessment of water quality, were carried out to study the sources of dissolved ions in groundwater of Dinajpur district, northern Bangladesh. The groundwater samplish were analyzed for physico-chemical properties like pH, electrical conductance, hardness, alkalinity, total dissolved solids and Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, C032', HC03", SO,2 and CI" ions, respectively. Based on the analyses, certain parameters like sodium adsorption ratio, soluble sodium percentage, potential salinity, residual sodium carbonate, Kelly's ratio, permeability index and Gibbs ratio were also calculated. The results showed that the groundwater of study area was fresh, slightly acidic (pH 5.3-6.4) and low in TDS (35-275 mg I"1). Ground water of the study area was found suitable for irrigation, drinking and domestic purposes, since most of the parameters analyzed were within the WHO recommended values for drinking water. High concentration of N03" and CI' was reported in areas with extensive agriculture and rapid urbanization. Ion-exchange, weathering, oxidation and dissolution of minerals were major geochemical processes governing the groundwater evolution in study area. Gibb's diagram showed that all the samples fell in the rock dominance field. Based on evaluation, it is clear that groundwater quality of the study area was suitable for both domestic and irrigation purposes

Service Facilities and Spatial Development: A Study on Rangpur City Corporation Area, Bangladesh

Inadequate and Inequall service distribution is one of the primary problems in a city. Bangladesh's main cities are presently faced with significant urban population expansion, and urban expansion is resulting in many unplanned developments. One of Bangladesh's most rapidly rising cities is the Rangpur City Corporation (RpCC) area. As the population in the city is growing rapidly, the city has pressure to provide service facilities in the area with heavier population demand. The city corporation is now separated into two primary land uses - core and non-core according to existing conditions of service. The research aims to identify the nature of the spatial distribution of service facilities (schools, colleges, health care centers, mosques, temples) and to analyze the deficiencies of different service facilities in both core and non-core areas of Ranpur City Corporation. The research is mainly based on primary data collected by a questionnaire survey from the authority of RpCC. In this research, the requirements and the deficiency of different amenities are also calculated using population projections by arithmetic increase method and population coverage of each service facility. The calculation found that the shortfall of service facilities are higher in the non- core area than the core area of RpCC, and major markets are concentrated in the core area. This type of centralization can create pressure on the resources of a core area. The identified nature of centralization from the study can be used for future planning and development of service facilities to ensure proper distribution in RpCC area