A survey on Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

In ad-hoc WSN is a collection of mobile nodes that are dynamically and randomly located in such a manner that the interconnections between nodes are changing on a continual basis. The dynamic nature of these networks demands new set of network routing strategy protocols to be implemented in order to provide efficient end-to end communication. Moreover, such issues are very critical due to severe resource constraints like efficient energy utilization, lifetime of network, and drastic environmental conditions in WSNs. Neither hop-by-hop nor neither direct reach ability is possible in case of WSNs. In order to facilitate communication within the network, a routing protocol is used. In this paper we have carried out an extensive survey on WSN protocols based on structure of network, routing protocol of network & clustering techniques of routing protocols

Dopamine induces functional extracellular traps in microglia

Dopamine (DA) plays many roles in the brain, especially in movement, motivation, and reinforcement of behavior; however, its role in regulating innate immunity is not clear. Here, we show that DA can induce DNA-based extracellular traps in primary, adult, human microglia and BV2 microglia cell line. These DNA-based extracellular traps are formed independent of reactive oxygen species, actin polymerization, and cell death. These traps are functional and capture fluorescein (FITC)-tagged Escherichia coli even when reactive oxygen species production or actin polymerization is inhibited. We show that microglial extracellular traps are present in Glioblastoma multiforme. This is crucial because Glioblastoma multiforme cells are known to secrete DA. Our findings demonstrate that DA plays a significant role in sterile neuro-inflammation by inducing microglia extracellular traps

XVI Agricultural Science Congress 2023: Transformation of Agri-Food Systems for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

The XVI Agricultural Science Congress being jointly organized by the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) during 10-13 October 2023, at hotel Le Meridien, Kochi, is a mega event echoing the theme “Transformation of Agri-Food Systems for achieving Sustainable Development Goals”. ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute takes great pride in hosting the XVI ASC, which will be the perfect point of convergence of academicians, researchers, students, farmers, fishers, traders, entrepreneurs, and other stakeholders involved in agri-production systems that ensure food and nutritional security for a burgeoning population. With impeding challenges like growing urbanization, increasing unemployment, growing population, increasing food demands, degradation of natural resources through human interference, climate change impacts and natural calamities, the challenges ahead for India to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set out by the United Nations are many. The XVI ASC will provide an interface for dissemination of useful information across all sectors of stakeholders invested in developing India’s agri-food systems, not only to meet the SDGs, but also to ensure a stable structure on par with agri-food systems around the world. It is an honour to present this Book of Abstracts which is a compilation of a total of 668 abstracts that convey the results of R&D programs being done in India. The abstracts have been categorized under 10 major Themes – 1. Ensuring Food & Nutritional Security: Production, Consumption and Value addition; 2. Climate Action for Sustainable Agri-Food Systems; 3. Frontier Science and emerging Genetic Technologies: Genome, Breeding, Gene Editing; 4. Livestock-based Transformation of Food Systems; 5. Horticulture-based Transformation of Food Systems; 6. Aquaculture & Fisheries-based Transformation of Food Systems; 7. Nature-based Solutions for Sustainable AgriFood Systems; 8. Next Generation Technologies: Digital Agriculture, Precision Farming and AI-based Systems; 9. Policies and Institutions for Transforming Agri-Food Systems; 10. International Partnership for Research, Education and Development. This Book of Abstracts sets the stage for the mega event itself, which will see a flow of knowledge emanating from a zeal to transform and push India’s Agri-Food Systems to perform par excellence and achieve not only the SDGs of the UN but also to rise as a world leader in the sector. I thank and congratulate all the participants who have submitted abstracts for this mega event, and I also applaud the team that has strived hard to publish this Book of Abstracts ahead of the event. I wish all the delegates and participants a very vibrant and memorable time at the XVI ASC

Square Slot Antenna for Wide Circularly Polarized Bandwidth and Axial Ratio Beamwidth

Design investigation and experimental results of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed square slot antenna that gives wideband circular polarization are proposed in this article. This circular polarization characteristic is achieved by embedding a square shape stub to left bottom corner and a L-shaped strip to the right upper corner of the slot. A high impedance bandwidth of 87.8% (3.6-9.0 GHz), a wide axial ratio bandwidth of 73.05% (4.2-9.0 GHz) and wide 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth of 90° in the entire frequency range of interest is achieved with this antenna structure. To improve the 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth more, three slots (two horizontal and one vertical) are scratched at the exterior periphery of the ground plane. These perturbation assemblies are accountable to excite orthogonal modes and helps to increase in axial ratio bandwidth.  The designed antenna displays the constant and steady radiation patterns in the complete frequency range of concern. The overall dimension of the presented compact antenna is 0.24λ×0.24 λ ×0.01λ

Review on Security Issues in Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETS)

Primary intent behind this article is to develop an extensive understanding of VANETs; second to classify various types of existing attacks like gray hole attack, black hole attack, phony details attacks Sybil attacks and DOS to classified routing protocols. This article seeks to go over briefly the challenges faced in imparting the many routing attacks

Synthesis of Some Salicylaldehyde-Based Schiff Bases in Aqueous Media

A new efficient and environmental friendly procedure for the synthesis of a series of salicylaldehyde-based schiff bases under microwave irradiation is described. The method is compared with the conventional method also. The present work involves condensation of salicylaldehyde with various aromatic amines in water under microwave irradiation. A judicious choice of the solvent and reaction conditions allowed the final products to be generated in excellent yields in a one-step procedure, whereas experiments under thermal conditions led to lower yields with tedious work-up. Microwave irradiation method gives advantages like reduction in reaction time, increase in conversion, reduced wastes, and good yields. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1HNMR, and Mass Spectra data

Gemcitabine concurrent with radiation therapy for locally advanced head and neck carcinomas

Background: Management of advanced head and neck carcinoma is a challenging proposition. Presently concomitant chemo-irradiation has become the standard of care in such patients. Many chemotherapeutic drugs have shown radio-sensitising effects when used concomitantly along with radiation. The present study was carried out with the objective of assessing the feasibility and efficacy of low dose gemcitabine as radiosensitizer when used during radical radiotherapeutic management of patients with locally advanced head and neck carcinomas. Patients and methods: From November 2000 to March 2003, Eighty histopathologically proven cases of squamous cell head and neck carcinoma were included in this trial, 40 patients were randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy alone and 40 patients to receive gemcitabine along with radiotherapy. Results: All patients were assessable for toxicity and response. Severe mucositis (WHO level 5 reactions were observed in 67% patients in the CT/RT group vs 16% patients in the RT only group. No severe hematological toxicity was seen. The rates of complete and partial responses were 42.5% & 57.5% respectively for RT only and 62.5% & 37.5%, respectively for CT/RT group. There was no significant difference in the response rates at the end of treatment but disease free survival at three years was better in the CT/RT group (63.3% vs 20%). Nine of the 17 patients with complete response in the radiation only group developed relapse while no relapses were seen in CT/RT group. Conclusion: In the present study the combination of gemcitabine and radiotherapy has not shown any statistical difference in locoregional control but survival advantage was seen as compared to radiotherapy alone. At the same time more mucosal and skin toxicity was encountered when Gemcitabine is given concurrently with radiation

The low-risk perception of developing type 2 diabetes among women with a previous history of gestational diabetes: a qualitative study

From Crossref journal articles via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: epub 2019-02-13Article version: VoRPublication status: Publishe

A pragmatic clinicopathobiological grouping/staging system for gliomas: Proposal of the Indian TNM subcommittee on brain tumors

Background: There is no universally accepted staging system for primary brain tumors wherein prognostication is mainly based on complex composite indices . Aim: To develop a simple, pragmatic, and widely applicable grouping/staging system for gliomas, the most common primary brain tumor. Materials and Methods: An expert neurooncology panel with representation from radiation oncology, neurosurgery, pathology, radiology, and medical oncology had several rounds of discussion on issues pertinent to brain tumor staging. The trade off was between the accuracy of prognostic categorization and a pragmatic, widely applicable approach. Results and Recommendations: The Tumor-Node-Metastasis staging was considered irrelevant for gliomas that seldom metastasize to lymphatics or outside the neuraxis. Instead, a 4-point staging/grouping system is proposed, using histological grade as the main prognostic variable and at least one stage migration based on other unfavorable features such as tumor location (brainstem); age ( 50 years for high-grade, and > 40 years for low-grade gliomas); poor neurological performance status (NPS 2-4); multicentricity and/or gliomatosis; and adverse biological parameters (proliferative index, angiogenesis markers, apoptotic index, cytogenetic abnormalities, and molecular markers). Conclusion: In absence of a grouping/staging system for primary brain tumors, prognostification is mostly based on complex composite indices. The proposed clinicopathobiological grouping/staging system for gliomas is a simple, pragmatic, and user-friendly tool with a potential to fulfill the objectives of staging classification