The Professional Preparation of Elementary School Teachers in Iran

Iran has a rich cultural background with regard to religion, ethics, philosophy, science, literature, and social values. In Iran, beginning with the early years of settlement, education has been considered an essential element in the life of the people. The growth of science and the changes that have taken place in the life of the Iranian people require a critical evaluation of the Iranian educational system in the light of modern educational practices. Educators in Iran have an obligation to provide leadership in developing a sound educational philosophy compatible with the cultural background of Iran and the basic theories of education as practiced in progressive countries. The school curriculum at all levels, including teacher education curriculum, should be based upon a philosophy which considers the cultural heritage of the Iranian society as well as modern ideas in education. It is the duty of all teachers in any society to help pupils to understand the cultural aspects of the society, to learn competencies which are necessary for social life and to improve their living conditions. Therefore, the preparation of teachers is of great importance in any culture

Development of phenolic concrete mixes and structural behaviour of phenolic concrete components

This work relates to the development of a method of preparing a filled phenolic resin, for use particularly, but not exclusively, in building materials. The method includes mixing filler and micro-filler, a catalyst, resin and a hetrocyclic alcohol (i.e. furfuryl alcohol) at a stable temperature, compacting the mixture and allowing the mixture to set and cure. The condition for setting may be with heat and pressure, with heat and/or pressure, or at ambient temperature and pressure. To design a particular grading from the various numbers of filler components available, a computer program was produced permitting up to 14 components of known grading to be combined into the closest possible approximation to a defined target grading. This was compared to the grading obtained using a combination of trial and error and graphical procedures. In developing the Phenolic Concrete mixes, initially, the cold set resol phenolic systems were used which resulted in products with low strength as a result of insufficient bond development between the inert granular or powder like materials (fillers) and the resin. Consequently, modified resins were developed which resulted in the production of high strength Phenolic Concrete systems. The determination of the Phenolic Concrete properties was used in describing the indicative inter-relation between the mix constituents, mix proportioning, and criteria of both strength and economy. In addition, Phenolic Concrete mixes were designed with optimization of the mix matrix resin in developing highly fillable media and defining its macro- properties affecting the strength of the end product. Its material properties as a function of its microstructure was investigated using fracture mechanics. The maximum mix ratio devised was 9:1 weight by weight of filler to resin. Maximum compressive cylinder strength obtained was 88.3 N/mrn(^2) and maximum disc tensile strength was 8.85 N/mm(^2) with maximum flexural strength being 30.5 N/mm(^2). The unit weights ranged from 2.08 to 2.28 g/cm(^3), modulus of elasticity ranged from 14.64 X 10(^9) to 19.6 X 10(^9) N/m(^2) and flexural modulus ranged from 17.4 x 10(^9) to 32.4 X 10(^9) N/m(^2). Maximum fracture toughness obtained was 2.12 N/m(^3/2), and maximum fracture energy was 220.7 J/m(^2). The development, construction techniques and properties of various phenolic resin concretes were investigated and described. Using the modified resin systems and the techniques developed here, filled phenolic resin concrete was produced cheaply without sacrificing strength and stiffness. The use of wet or dry fibre glass laminates as primary reinforcement resulted in exceptionally strong composite systems. Alternatively, or in addition, the filled phenolic resin systems were combined with further reinforcing materials such as profiled high yield steel bars. These were then used in manufacturing box beams, bridge deck panels, (and subsequently, access floor tiles). The technique by which these components were constructed proved to be reliable and repeatable. The structural behaviour of these Phenolic Concrete components was studied and proved to be predictable applying elastic theory and ultimate load analysis

Analysis of Transmission Methods for Ultra-Reliable Communications

Fifth generation of cellular systems is expected to widely enable machine-type communications (MTC). The envisioned applications and services for MTC have diverse requirements which are not fully supported with current wireless systems. Ultra-reliable communications (URC) with low-latency is an essential feature for mission-critical applications, such asindustrial automation, public safety, and vehicular safety applications. This feature guarantees a communication service with a high level of reliability. This paper investigates the feasibility and efficiency of URC over wireless links. It also analyzes the effectiveness of different transmission methods, including spatial diversity and support of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). Finally, the importance of reliable feedback information is highlighted.Peer reviewe

Delay Analysis of Network Architectures for Machine-to-Machine Communications in LTE System

Machine-to-machine communications has emerged to provide autonomic communications for a wide variety of intelligentservices and applications. Among different communication technologies available for connecting machines, cellular-basedsystems have gained more attention as backhaul networks due to ubiquitous coverage and mobility support. The diverse ranges of service requirements as well as machine constraints require adopting different network architectures. This paper reviews three M2M network architectures to integrate machines into the LTE system and analyzes their associated communication delays. It also presents how the appropriate networks can be selected for some machine-to-machine applications, fulfilling their latency constraints.Peer reviewe

Investigation and Treatment Analysis of Barikan Landslide

In last several years periodic reports indicating damages toward resident;s homes due to ground movements in Barikan region, 120km far from tehran, have been issued. The earth movements are demonstrated by tension cracks and scraps on ground surfaces and walls of in site homes and gardens. Since the slow and continuous earth movements were observed in the site, a course of site investigation consisted of the monitoring of surface and deep earth movements has been considered to study the affecting factors and the extent of of landslide. In addition to ground movement measurements, by using the geotechnical properties of different soil layers, stability analysis of the soil mass was performed. Results showed that the village would be stable at static conditions in all relative groundwater levels. However, in case of earthquake with value of horizontal acceleration equal to 0.14g, analyses indicated total instability of the site. It seems that the movements, which apparently widen the cracks and damage the houses and walls of the gardens, are due to the mild in site earthquakes or accelerations of the farther occurred earthquakes of the area, which by reducing the F.S. of the slope, increase the severity of movements rate in the village. In this paper the results of conducted researches, as well as possible remedial solutions for ground movements, with regard to known effective factors of landslide, are presented

Economical, Heritage and Existential Evaluation of the National Park and Tandureh Protected Area Using the Conditional Method

In this article, a research has been conducted using conditional method, aiming to economically, based on heritage, and existentially, estimate and evaluate the National Park and Tandureh protected area. The required data were collected through libraries and field visits and questionnaires answered by visitors of the National Park and Tandureh protected area. Gender, number of family members, distance and income affected people’s willingness to pay and was statistically significant, and ultimately, the economical, heritage-based, and existential evaluation of the National Park and Tandureh protected area was determined by gathering information, collecting qualitative and quantitative data concerning the National Park and Tandureh protected area, visiting the park site, conducting and writing questionnaires, answering the questionnaires by the visitors, and determining the willingness to pay (WTP), and eventually by analyzing the collected information by using the Excel and Eviews

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF E-BANKING TRAINING COURSES BASED ON KIRKPATRICK MODEL FOR EMPLOYEES OF MASKAN BANK BRANCHES IN TEHRAN, IRAN

This study was carried out aimed to measure the Relationship between demographic characteristics and the effectiveness of e-banking training courses for employees of Maskan Bank Branches in Tehran province. The research method in terms of objective is considered as an applied research and information collection method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this research includes all employees of Maskan Bank Branches in Tehran Province who have participated in e-banking courses and have a population of about 1100 people. The statistical population of this study includes all employees of Maskan Bank Branches in Tehran Province who have participated in e-banking training courses and have a population of about 1100 people. 285 people were selected using Morgan table and by simple random sampling method. The tool measurement used was questionnaire based on the Kirkpatrick model in four levels of reaction, learning, behavior and results, which its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, 0.89 and it was confirmed. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods (one-way t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient) were used in order to analyze the obtained data. According to the results of t-test, e-banking training courses were effective for employees of Maskan Bank Branches in Tehran province. Also, the analysis of demographic findings based on the results of the one-way between-subjects ANOVA showed that employees' attitudes at different positions, work experience or education level were not significantly different towards the factors affecting the effectiveness of e-banking training courses and none of them should be omitted from e-banking courses

Economical, Heritage and Existential Evaluation of the National Park and Tandureh Protected Area Using the Conditional Method

In this article, a research has been conducted using conditional method, aiming to economically, based on heritage, and existentially, estimate and evaluate the National Park and Tandureh protected area. The required data were collected through libraries and field visits and questionnaires answered by visitors of the National Park and Tandureh protected area. Gender, number of family members, distance and income affected people’s willingness to pay and was statistically significant, and ultimately, the economical, heritage-based, and existential evaluation of the National Park and Tandureh protected area was determined by gathering information, collecting qualitative and quantitative data concerning the National Park and Tandureh protected area, visiting the park site, conducting and writing questionnaires, answering the questionnaires by the visitors, and determining the willingness to pay (WTP), and eventually by analyzing the collected information by using the Excel and Eviews