41 research outputs found
Maktab Qur'an; Believers in the Nostalgia of Ummah; Case Study of Kurds in Iran
In recent decades, Maktab Qur'an(MQ),founded by Ahmad Muftizadeh (Iranian Sunni Kurdish scholar and political activist) in 1977,as the oldest Iranian Sunni Islamist group, has experienced different phases in its evolution, bothstructurally and discursively. In this study,using grounded theory,we have examined the social mechanisms affecting Iranian Sunni Kurds' tendency to Islamist movements (MQ as the case study, in the fourth phase of its structural evolution since1995). This study argues a major reason for Sunni Kurdsâ orientation to Maktabis a tendency among people to live in a "community", and what makes this community ideal is a collective life that strengthenspersonal relationships and collective solidarity. Also, the dominant social relationships in society have moved toward a kind of "societal" relationshipcharacterized by impersonal relationships, alienation and increasing individualism. In this study it is argued that while the influence of societal world is increasing, some of its alienated inhabitants try to leave it and dwell in a new community. Therefore, currently, due to lack of other supportive structures in today's Iranian society, MQ, with its community-like characteristics, functions as a kind of haven for Iranian Sunni Kurds who feel alienated from the individualistic society.This is a new kind of "Hijra" in our modern era, which is not place-based but is rather characterized by transformations in Maktabi Muslimsâ social ties and beliefs, which virtually provide them with a new UmmahâMaktabQurâanâto live in
Aqueous Chemistry of the Metallocene [Cp<sub>2</sub>MoCl<sub>2</sub>]BF<sub>4</sub>: Evidence of Autocatalytic Molybdenum(V) Reduction in Water
The
aqueous chemistry of the air-stable MoÂ(V) metallocene [Cp<sub>2</sub>MoCl<sub>2</sub>]ÂBF<sub>4</sub> (<b>1</b>) yields an
unexpected autocatalytic reduction when water is added to an acetonitrile
solution of <b>1</b>. While <b>1</b> yields the expected
stable CpâMo ligation and rapid chloride hydrolysis in water,
a MoÂ(V) â MoÂ(IV) reduction to the metallocene Cp<sub>2</sub>MoCl<sub>2</sub> (<b>2</b>) was evident. Under acidic conditions
(pH âŒ2) or trace amounts of water this reduction was slow enough
to be monitored spectroscopically, and it is shown to be autocatalytic
in aqueous <b>2</b>. No reaction occurs when <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> are in the dichloride form in acetonitrile (i.e., no water).
It is hypothesized that the added water serves two roles. First it
initially reduces a small population of <b>1</b> to <b>2</b>, and then as the aquated MoÂ(IV) metallocene, it catalyzes the reduction
of the remaining MoÂ(V) in water. This is the first aqueous investigation
of the MoÂ(V) metallocene, and it shows a novel and unprecedented autocatalytic
reduction that is mediated by water
Phosphonothioate Hydrolysis Turnover by Cp<sub>2</sub>MoCl<sub>2</sub> and Silver Nanoparticles
The metallocene bisÂ(cyclopentadienyl)ÂmolybdenumÂ(IV) dichloride
(Cp<sub>2</sub>MoCl<sub>2</sub>; Cp = η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>) is the first organometallic compound to promote the
hydrolysis of phosphonothioates with selective PâS scission
in a stoichiometric fashion. This report shows that silver nanoparticles
capped with borohydride ions promote turnover in this hydrolytic process,
as indicated by <sup>31</sup>P NMR studies on the reaction of <i>O</i>,<i>S</i>-diethyl phenylphosphonothioate (DEPP)
with Cp<sub>2</sub>MoCl<sub>2</sub> (pH 7). This is the first example
of the joint use of nanoparticles and molybdenum metallocenes to promote
phosphonothioate hydrolysis. Initial results indicate the turnover
may be due to free Ag<sup>+</sup>(aq) ions present in the solution
that arise either from the slow dissolution of the nanoparticles or
from interactions with the Ag nanoparticle surface
Phosphonothioate Hydrolysis Turnover by Cp<sub>2</sub>MoCl<sub>2</sub> and Silver Nanoparticles
The metallocene bisÂ(cyclopentadienyl)ÂmolybdenumÂ(IV) dichloride
(Cp<sub>2</sub>MoCl<sub>2</sub>; Cp = η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>) is the first organometallic compound to promote the
hydrolysis of phosphonothioates with selective PâS scission
in a stoichiometric fashion. This report shows that silver nanoparticles
capped with borohydride ions promote turnover in this hydrolytic process,
as indicated by <sup>31</sup>P NMR studies on the reaction of <i>O</i>,<i>S</i>-diethyl phenylphosphonothioate (DEPP)
with Cp<sub>2</sub>MoCl<sub>2</sub> (pH 7). This is the first example
of the joint use of nanoparticles and molybdenum metallocenes to promote
phosphonothioate hydrolysis. Initial results indicate the turnover
may be due to free Ag<sup>+</sup>(aq) ions present in the solution
that arise either from the slow dissolution of the nanoparticles or
from interactions with the Ag nanoparticle surface