2,548 research outputs found
Variabilidade temporal e espacial da umidade do solo na camada superficial de uma encosta do Loess Plateau na China
Surface soil moisture exhibits an important variability in terms of spatial and temporal domains, which may result in critical uncertainties for agricultural water management. The purposes of this study were (i) to characterize the temporal dynamics and stability of the spatial variability of the surface 0-6 cm soil water content θon a hill-slope; (ii) to investigate issues related to soil moisture conditions including dominating factors on soil moisture and to the estimation of the mean θ. During a period of more than one month θwas measured on thirteen days by Frequency Domain Reflectometry using a 10 x 10 m grid of measurement points covering a 60 x 280 m domain within a hill-slope of the Loess Plateau in China. Soil water content exhibited a moderate variability for each measurement date, and the correlation length (l) for θranged from 8.4 to 27.7 m. With the soil becoming drier, l decreased, the CV% and the sampling number for accurate mean θestimation increased. Aspect, elevation, organic matter content, clay content, and bulk density were the main influencing factors, whose extent of influence weakened with decreasing θ. Based on time stability analysis and on the correlation of mean relative difference of θwith the relative difference of dominating factors, mean q values were well estimated, with a better accuracy under wetter conditions.A umidade da camada superficial do solo apresenta uma variabilidade importante nos domÃnios espacial e temporal, que pode levar a incertezas crÃticas para o manejo agrÃcola da água. Os objetivos deste estudo incluÃram: (i) a caracterização da dinâmica temporal e da estabilidade da variabilidade espacial da umidade θda camada 0-6 cm em uma encosta em declive; (ii) investigação de parâmetros ligados à s condições de umidade, incluindo fatores dominantes da umidade na estimativa de um valor médio de q. Durante um perÃodo de mais de um mês, q foi medida em 13 dias com auxÃlio da técnica da Refletometria do DomÃnio da Frequência, em uma grade de 10 x 10 cm, cobrindo uma área de 60 x 280 m, situada em uma encosta do Loess Plateau da China. A umidade do solo apresentou variabilidade moderada em cada data de medida e o alcance da correlação (l) para q variou de 8,4 a 27,7 m. Com o solo mais seco, l decresceu, o CV% e o número de amostras necessário para obter uma média precisa, aumentaram. O aspecto, a elevação, o conteúdo de matéria orgânica e a densidade do solo foram os principais fatores interferentes na umidade, cuja intensidade de influência diminuiu com a umidade. Baseado na análise de estabilidade temporal e na correlação da diferença relativa média de θcom a diferença relativa média dos fatores dominantes, valores médios de q puderam ser mais bem estimados, com maior precisão sobre condições mais úmidas.CAS of China - Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Natural Sciences Foundation of Chin
Soil water content temporal-spatial variability of the surface layer of a Loess Plateau hillside in China
Surface soil moisture exhibits an important variability in terms of spatial and temporal domains, which may result in critical uncertainties for agricultural water management. The purposes of this study were (i) to characterize the temporal dynamics and stability of the spatial variability of the surface 0-6 cm soil water content θon a hill-slope; (ii) to investigate issues related to soil moisture conditions including dominating factors on soil moisture and to the estimation of the mean θ. During a period of more than one month θwas measured on thirteen days by Frequency Domain Reflectometry using a 10 x 10 m grid of measurement points covering a 60 x 280 m domain within a hill-slope of the Loess Plateau in China. Soil water content exhibited a moderate variability for each measurement date, and the correlation length (l) for θranged from 8.4 to 27.7 m. With the soil becoming drier, l decreased, the CV% and the sampling number for accurate mean θestimation increased. Aspect, elevation, organic matter content, clay content, and bulk density were the main influencing factors, whose extent of influence weakened with decreasing θ. Based on time stability analysis and on the correlation of mean relative difference of θwith the relative difference of dominating factors, mean q values were well estimated, with a better accuracy under wetter conditions.A umidade da camada superficial do solo apresenta uma variabilidade importante nos domÃnios espacial e temporal, que pode levar a incertezas crÃticas para o manejo agrÃcola da água. Os objetivos deste estudo incluÃram: (i) a caracterização da dinâmica temporal e da estabilidade da variabilidade espacial da umidade θda camada 0-6 cm em uma encosta em declive; (ii) investigação de parâmetros ligados à s condições de umidade, incluindo fatores dominantes da umidade na estimativa de um valor médio de q. Durante um perÃodo de mais de um mês, q foi medida em 13 dias com auxÃlio da técnica da Refletometria do DomÃnio da Frequência, em uma grade de 10 x 10 cm, cobrindo uma área de 60 x 280 m, situada em uma encosta do "Loess Plateau" da China. A umidade do solo apresentou variabilidade moderada em cada data de medida e o alcance da correlação (l) para q variou de 8,4 a 27,7 m. Com o solo mais seco, l decresceu, o CV% e o número de amostras necessário para obter uma média precisa, aumentaram. O aspecto, a elevação, o conteúdo de matéria orgânica e a densidade do solo foram os principais fatores interferentes na umidade, cuja intensidade de influência diminuiu com a umidade. Baseado na análise de estabilidade temporal e na correlação da diferença relativa média de θcom a diferença relativa média dos fatores dominantes, valores médios de q puderam ser mais bem estimados, com maior precisão sobre condições mais úmidas
Variabilidade espacial de propriedades hÃdricas do solo de uma encosta do "Loess Plateau" da China
The understanding of the structure of the spatial variability of soil surface hydraulic properties on steep slopes is important for modeling infiltration and runoff processes. The objective of this study was to investigate the spatial variability of these properties on a steep slope of the Loess Plateau in northwest China. A 9600 m² area was systematically sampled in a grid of 106 points spaced 10 m x 10 m. Hydraulic properties were determined with a disc infiltrometer under multiple pressure heads (-15, -9, -6, -3, 0 cm) at each sample point. Classical and geo-statistical methods were used for data analysis. The results indicated that the variation of Gardner's a and hydraulic conductivities at all applied pressure heads was moderate and the heterogeneity for hydraulic conductivities increased as the applied pressure head increased. Along the slope, hydraulic conductivities generally decreased downwards, while the Gardner's a fluctuated slightly. The Gardner's a of the shaded aspect of the slope was greater than that of the sunny aspect. The hydraulic conductivities of the shaded aspect were greater at higher pressure heads as compared to the sunny aspect, but lower than those of the sunny aspect at lower pressure heads. Correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between hydraulic conductivity and soil organic matter and clay (A compreensão da estrutura da variabilidade especial das propriedades hidráulicas do solo de encostas Ãngremes é importante na modelagem dos processos de infiltração e de escoamento superficial da água. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a variabilidade destas propriedades em uma encosta Ãngreme do "Loess Plateau" do noroeste da China. Uma área de 9600 m² foi sistematicamente amostrada em um grid de 106 pontos espaçados de 10 m x 10 m. As propriedades hÃdricas foram determinadas com um infiltrômetro de disco operando sob múltiplas cargas hidráulicas (-15, -9, -6, -3, 0 cm) em cada ponto de observação. Métodos clássicos e geoestatÃsticos foram empregados na análise dos dados. Os resultados mostraram que a variação do Ãndice a de Gardner e das condutividades hidráulicas em todas as cargas aplicadas foi moderada e que a heterogeneidade das condutividades hidráulicas aumentou à medida que a carga hidráulica aumentava. Na direção do declive, as condutividades geralmente decresceram a jusante, enquanto os a de Gardner flutuavam moderadamente. Os a de Gardner das encostas sombreadas foram maiores do que os das encostas ensolaradas. As condutividades hidráulicas das encostas sombreadas foram maiores para cargas hidráulicas maiores em comparação com as encostas ensolaradas, mas menores que as das encostas ensolaradas para cargas hidráulicas menores. A análise de correlação mostrou uma correlação negativa entre a condutividade hidráulica e os teores de matéria orgânica e argila
Downregulation of ASPP2 in pancreatic cancer cells contributes to increased resistance to gemcitabine through autophagy activation
Earth pressure field modeling for tunnel face stability evaluation of EPB shield machines based on optimization solution
Earth pressure balanced (EPB) shield machines are large and complex mechanical systems and have been widely applied to tunnel engineering. Tunnel face stability evaluation is very important for EPB shield machines to avoid ground settlement and guarantee safe construction during the tunneling process. In this paper, we propose a novel earth pressure field modeling approach to evaluate the tunnel face stability of large and complex EPB shield machines. Based on the earth pressures measured by the pressure sensors on the clapboard of the chamber, we construct a triangular mesh model for the earth pressure field in the chamber and estimate the normal vector at each measuring point by using optimization solution and projection Delaunay triangulation, which can reflect the change situation of the earth pressures in real time. Furthermore, we analyze the characteristics of the active and passive earth pressure fields in the limit equilibrium states and give a new evaluation criterion of the tunnel face stability based on Rankine's theory of earth pressure. The method validation and analysis demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for modeling the earth pressure field in the chamber and evaluating the tunnel face stability of EPB shield machines
Observation of Majorana fermions with spin selective Andreev reflection in the vortex of topological superconductor
Majorana fermion (MF) whose antiparticle is itself has been predicted in
condensed matter systems. Signatures of the MFs have been reported as zero
energy modes in various systems. More definitive evidences are highly desired
to verify the existence of the MF. Very recently, theory has predicted MFs to
induce spin selective Andreev reflection (SSAR), a novel magnetic property
which can be used to detect the MFs. Here we report the first observation of
the SSAR from MFs inside vortices in Bi2Te3/NbSe2 hetero-structure, in which
topological superconductivity was previously established. By using
spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS), we show
that the zero-bias peak of the tunneling differential conductance at the vortex
center is substantially higher when the tip polarization and the external
magnetic field are parallel than anti-parallel to each other. Such strong spin
dependence of the tunneling is absent away from the vortex center, or in a
conventional superconductor. The observed spin dependent tunneling effect is a
direct evidence for the SSAR from MFs, fully consistent with theoretical
analyses. Our work provides definitive evidences of MFs and will stimulate the
MFs research on their novel physical properties, hence a step towards their
statistics and application in quantum computing.Comment: 4 figures 15 page
The transmembrane channel-like 6 (TMC6) in primary sensory neurons involving thermal sensation via modulating M channels
Introduction: The transmembrane channel-like (TMC) protein family contains eight members, TMC1–TMC8. Among these members, only TMC1 and TMC2 have been intensively studied. They are expressed in cochlear hair cells and are crucial for auditory sensations. TMC6 and TMC8 contribute to epidermodysplasia verruciformis, and predispose individuals to human papilloma virus. However, the impact of TMC on peripheral sensation pain has not been previously investigated.Methods: RNAscope was employed to detect the distribution of TMC6 mRNA in DRG neurons. Electrophysiological recordings were conducted to investigate the effects of TMC6 on neuronal characteristics and M channel activity. Zn2+ indicators were utilized to detect the zinc concentration in DRG tissues and dissociated neurons. A series of behavioural tests were performed to assess thermal and mechanical sensation in mice under both physiological and pathological conditions.Results and Discussion: We demonstrated that TMC6 is mainly expressed in small and medium dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and is involved in peripheral heat nociception. Deletion of TMC6 in DRG neurons hyperpolarizes the resting membrane potential and inhibits neuronal excitability. Additionally, the function of the M channel is enhanced in TMC6 deletion DRG neurons owing to the increased quantity of free zinc in neurons. Indeed, heat and mechanical hyperalgesia in chronic pain are alleviated in TMC6 knockout mice, particularly in the case of heat hyperalgesia. This suggests that TMC6 in the small and medium DRG neurons may be a potential target for chronic pain treatment
Temporal changes of an alfalfa succession and related soil physical properties on the Loess Plateau, China
Far-Red and Near-IR AIE-Active Fluorescent Organic Nanoprobes with Enhanced Tumor-Targeting Efficacy:Shape-Specific Effects
The rational design of high-performance fluorescent materials for cancer targeting in vivo is still challenging. A unique molecular design strategy is presented that involves tailoring aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active organic molecules to realize preferable far-red and NIR fluorescence, well-controlled morphology (from rod-like to spherical), and also tumor-targeted bioimaging. The shape-tailored organic quinoline-malononitrile (QM) nanoprobes are biocompatible and highly desirable for cell-tracking applications. Impressively, the spherical shape of QM-5 nanoaggregates exhibits excellent tumor-targeted bioimaging performance after intravenously injection into mice, but not the rod-like aggregates of QM-2.</p
Observation of a ppb mass threshoud enhancement in \psi^\prime\to\pi^+\pi^-J/\psi(J/\psi\to\gamma p\bar{p}) decay
The decay channel
is studied using a sample of events collected
by the BESIII experiment at BEPCII. A strong enhancement at threshold is
observed in the invariant mass spectrum. The enhancement can be fit
with an -wave Breit-Wigner resonance function with a resulting peak mass of
and a
narrow width that is at the 90% confidence level.
These results are consistent with published BESII results. These mass and width
values do not match with those of any known meson resonance.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Chinese Physics
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