809 research outputs found
Expression changes and clinical significance of serum neuron-specific enolase and squamous cell carcinoma antigen in lung cancer patients after radiotherapy
Objective: To explore the changes and clinical significance of serum Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma antigen (SCC) in patients with lung cancer before and after radiotherapy.
Methods: 82 patients with lung cancer were treated with radiotherapy, and effective clinical intervention was given during the radiotherapy process. The patients were followed up for 1 year after radiotherapy and were divided into a recurrence and metastasis group (n = 28) and a non-recurrence and metastasis group (n = 54) according to their prognosis. Another 54 healthy volunteers examined in the present study's hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. To compare the changes of NSE and SCC levels in serum in patients with lung cancer at admission and after radiotherapy, and to explore their clinical significance.
Results: After intervention, NSE and SCC levels in the serum of the two groups of patients were significantly lower than those before intervention, and the levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were significantly higher than those before intervention (p < 0.05); the level of CD8+ was not significantly different from that before intervention (p > 0.05). And NSE and SCC levels in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the routine group, the levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ were significantly higher than those in the routine group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: NSE and SCC in serum can preliminarily evaluate the effect of radiotherapy in patients with lung cancer and have a certain predictive effect on prognosis
Representation Class and Geometrical Invariants of Quantum States under Local Unitary Transformations
We investigate the equivalence of bipartite quantum mixed states under local
unitary transformations by introducing representation classes from a
geometrical approach. It is shown that two bipartite mixed states are
equivalent under local unitary transformations if and only if they have the
same representation class. Detailed examples are given on calculating
representation classes.Comment: 11 page
HIF-1α Contributes to Hypoxia-induced Invasion and Metastasis of Esophageal Carcinoma via Inhibiting E-cadherin and Promoting MMP-2 Expression
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has been found to enhance tumor invasion and metastasis, but no study has reported its action in esophageal carcinoma. The goal of this study was to explore the probable mechanism of HIF-1α in the invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma Eca109 cells in vitro and in vivo. mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α, E-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) under hypoxia were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The effects of silencing HIF-1α on E-cadherin, MMP-2 mRNA and protein expression under hypoxia or normoxia were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The invasive ability of Eca109 cells was tested using a transwell chambers. We established an Eca109-implanted tumor model and observed tumor growth and lymph node metastasis. The expression of HIF-1α, E-cadherin and MMP-2 in xenograft tumors was detected by Western blotting. After exposure to hypoxia, HIF-1α protein was up-regulated, both mRNA and protein levels of E-cadherin were down-regulated and MMP-2 was up-regulated, while HIF-1α mRNA showed no significant change. SiRNA could block HIF-1α effectively, increase E-cadherin expression and inhibit MMP-2 expression. The number of invading cells decreased after HIF-1α was silenced. Meanwhile, the tumor volume was much smaller, and the metastatic rate of lymph nodes and the positive rate were lower in vivo. Our observations suggest that HIF-1α inhibition might be an effective strategy to weaken invasion and metastasis in the esophageal carcinoma Eca109 cell line
Postoperative anatomical and functional outcomes of different stages of high myopia macular hole
Background Recently it was suggested that high myopia macular holes (HMMH) and
macular holes accompanied by retinal detachment occur in the advanced stages
of myopia traction maculopathy (MTM), while macular retinoschisis, shallow
retinal detachment without holes, and lamellar macular holes occur in the
early stages of MTM. Complete vitreous cortex removal associated with internal
limiting membrane peeling is now widely used to treat HMMH. However, it
remains uncertain at what HMMH stage patients would benefit most from surgical
intervention. Our study was aimed to evaluate the postoperative anatomical
changes and functional outcomes of high myopia macular holes (HMMH). Methods
Patients were retrospectively collected between March 2009 and August 2011.
Before and 1st, 3rd, and 9th month after 23G pars plana vitrectomy, all
patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, spectral domain
optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and MP-1. At each follow-up, best-
corrected visual acuity (BCVA), photoreceptor inner and outer segments (IS/OS)
defects, and retinal sensitivity (RS) were investigated. According to
different preoperative macular hole morphologies, patients were divided into
three groups: Group 1, macular hole with epiretinal membrane (ERM) traction
and macular retinoschisis; Group 2, full-thickness macular hole (FTMH); Group
3, FTMH with subretinal fluid. Results 43 eyes from 43 patients met the
inclusion criteria. The mean age was 60 years. BCVA and RS were significantly
improved after vitrectomy; the mean IS/OS defect was significantly reduced. At
9 postoperative months, 11 of 43 (25.6 %) eyes achieved IS/OS junction
integrity; 9 of these 11 (81.8 %) eyes belonged to Group 1, 2 (18.2 %)
belonged to Group 2. Conclusions Pars plana vitrectomy combined with ILM
peeling and gas tamponade results in limited functional outcomes in patients
with HMMH. The appearance of subretinal fluid indicates a worse prognosis for
surgical intervention
Protective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion induced acute renal injury in mice
published_or_final_versio
Exacerbated climate risks induced by precipitation extremes in the Yangtze River basin under warming scenarios
The Yangtze River basin is a typical region of the world that has a well-developed economy but is also greatly affected by multiple climate extremes. An improved understanding of future climate trends and associated exposures in this region is urgent needed to address socioeconomic risks. This research aims to quantify historical and future projected population exposure to precipitation extremes in the Yangtze basin using meteorological records and downscaled climate models. The study found that the hazard zone for precipitation extremes during baseline period was primarily located in the mid-lower Yangtze basin, particularly around the Poyang Lake watershed. Climate projections for 2050 indicate a further increase in the occurrence of precipitation extremes in this hazard zone, while a decrease in extreme events is detectable in the upper Yangtze basin under higher radiative forcing. Future socioeconomic scenarios suggest a tendency for population growth and migration towards the lower Yangtze basin, resulting in aggravated climate risks in megacities. Multi-model simulations indicate that population exposure to precipitation extremes in the lower Yangtze basin will increase by 9–22% around 2050, with both climate and population factors contributing positively. Shanghai, Changsha, Hangzhou, Ganzhou, and Huanggang are identified as hotspot cities facing the highest foreseeable risks of precipitation extremes in the Yangtze basin
Discovery, Semisynthesis, Antiparasitic and Cytotoxic Evaluation of 14-Membered Resorcylic Acid Lactones and Their Derivatives
Ten antifouling 14-membered resorcylic acid lactones 1–10 were isolated previously with low or trace natural abundance from the zoanthid-derived Cochliobolus lunatus fungus. Further optimization of fermentation conditions led to the isolation of two major natural compounds 7 and 8 with multi-gram quantities. By one or two steps, we semisynthesized the six trace natural compounds 1–6 and a series of derivatives 11–27 of compounds 7 and 8 with high yields (65–95%). Compounds 11–13 showed strong antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values of 1.84, 8.36, and 6.95μM, respectively. Very importantly, 11 and 12 were non-toxic with very safety and high therapeutic indices (CC50/IC50>180), and thus representing potential promising leads for antiplasmodial drug discovery. Furthermore, 11 was the only compound showed obvious antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani with an IC50 value of 9.22μM. Compounds 11 and 12 showed the values of IC50 at 11.9 and 17.2μM against neglected Chagas’ disease causing Trypanosoma cruzi, respectivelyTen antifouling 14-membered resorcylic acid lactones 1–10 were isolated previously with low or trace natural abundance from the zoanthid-derived Cochliobolus lunatus fungus. Further optimization of fermentation conditions led to the isolation of two major natural compounds 7 and 8 with multi-gram quantities. By one or two steps, we semisynthesized the six trace natural compounds 1–6 and a series of derivatives 11–27 of compounds 7 and 8 with high yields (65–95%). Compounds 11–13 showed strong antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values of 1.84, 8.36, and 6.95μM, respectively. Very importantly, 11 and 12 were non-toxic with very safety and high therapeutic indices (CC50/IC50>180), and thus representing potential promising leads for antiplasmodial drug discovery. Furthermore, 11 was the only compound showed obvious antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani with an IC50 value of 9.22μM. Compounds 11 and 12 showed the values of IC50 at 11.9 and 17.2μM against neglected Chagas’ disease causing Trypanosoma cruzi, respectivel
Discovery, Semisynthesis, Antiparasitic and Cytotoxic Evaluation of 14-Membered Resorcylic Acid Lactones and Their Derivatives
Ten antifouling 14-membered resorcylic acid lactones 1–10 were isolated previously with low or trace natural abundance from the zoanthid-derived Cochliobolus lunatus fungus. Further optimization of fermentation conditions led to the isolation of two major natural compounds 7 and 8 with multi-gram quantities. By one or two steps, we semisynthesized the six trace natural compounds 1–6 and a series of derivatives 11–27 of compounds 7 and 8 with high yields (65–95%). Compounds 11–13 showed strong antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values of 1.84, 8.36, and 6.95 μM, respectively. Very importantly, 11 and 12 were non-toxic with very safety and high therapeutic indices (CC50/IC50 > 180), and thus representing potential promising leads for antiplasmodial drug discovery. Furthermore, 11 was the only compound showed obvious antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani with an IC50 value of 9.22 μM. Compounds 11 and 12 showed the values of IC50 at 11.9 and 17.2 μM against neglected Chagas’ disease causing Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively.Ten antifouling 14-membered resorcylic acid lactones 1–10 were isolated previously with low or trace natural abundance from the zoanthid-derived Cochliobolus lunatus fungus. Further optimization of fermentation conditions led to the isolation of two major natural compounds 7 and 8 with multi-gram quantities. By one or two steps, we semisynthesized the six trace natural compounds 1–6 and a series of derivatives 11–27 of compounds 7 and 8 with high yields (65–95%). Compounds 11–13 showed strong antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values of 1.84, 8.36, and 6.95 μM, respectively. Very importantly, 11 and 12 were non-toxic with very safety and high therapeutic indices (CC50/IC50 > 180), and thus representing potential promising leads for antiplasmodial drug discovery. Furthermore, 11 was the only compound showed obvious antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani with an IC50 value of 9.22 μM. Compounds 11 and 12 showed the values of IC50 at 11.9 and 17.2 μM against neglected Chagas’ disease causing Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively
Plastome phylogenomics and morphological traits analyses provide new insights into the phylogenetic position, species delimitation and speciation of Triplostegia (Caprifoliaceae)
Background The genus Triplostegia contains two recognized species, T. glandulifera and T. grandifora, but its phylogenetic position and species delimitation remain controversial. In this study, we assembled plastid genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) cistrons sampled from 22 wild Triplostegia individuals, each from a separate population, and examined these with 11 recently published Triplostegia plastomes. Morphological traits were measured from herbarium specimens and wild material, and ecological niche models were constructed. Results Triplostegia is a monophyletic genus within the subfamily Dipsacoideae comprising three monophyletic species, T. glandulifera, T. grandifora, and an unrecognized species Triplostegia sp. A, which occupies much higher altitude than the other two. The new species had previously been misidentifed as T. glandulifera, but difers in taproot, leaf, and other characters. Triplotegia is an old genus, with stem age 39.96Ma, and within it T. glandulifera diverged 7.94Ma. Triplostegia grandifora and sp. A diverged 1.05Ma, perhaps in response to Quaternary climate fuctuations. Niche overlap between Triplostegia species was positively correlated with their phylogenetic relatedness. Conclusions Our results provide new insights into the species delimitation of Triplostegia, and indicate that a taxonomic revision of Triplostegia is needed. We also identifed that either rpoB-trnC or ycf1 could serve as a DNA barcode for Triplostegi
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Conia-Ene-Type Carbocyclization of Ynamide Cyclohexanones: Regiodivergent Synthesis of Morphans and Normorphans.
Catalytic carbocyclization of alkynyl carbonyls has attracted considerable interest in organic synthesis because of its high bond-forming efficiency and atom economy in the formation of functionalized cyclic compounds. However, examples of such an asymmetric version are quite scarce, and have so far been limited to transition metal catalysts. Described herein is an organocatalytic enantioselective desymmetrizing cycloisomerization of arylsulfonyl-protected ynamide-cyclohexanones, which represents the first metal-free asymmetric Conia-ene-type carbocyclization. This method allows the highly efficient and atom-economical construction of a range of valuable morphans with wide substrate scope and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 97% ee). In addition, such a cycloisomerization of alkylsulfonyl-protected ynamide-cyclohexanones can lead to the divergent synthesis of normorphans as the main products with high enantioselectivity (up to 90% ee). Moreover, theoretical calculations are employed to elucidate the origins of regioselectivity and enantioselectivity
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