Biocontrol of cantaloupe damping-off disease caused by Fusarium semitectum by using formulations of antagonistic fungi

oai:ojs.ppmj.net:article/2Antagonistic capability of 19 isolates of fungi isolated from rizosphere of cantaloupe plants was tested in vitro against growth of Fusarium semitectum isolate the causal pathogen of damping- off of cantaloupe. Trichoderma viride (isolate no. 17), T. harzianum (isolate no. 19) and Fusarium concolar  (isolate no.4) showed  significant  percentage of inhibition  against  to  F. semitectum. The effect of carrier formulations of antagonistic fungi (talc based powder and rice bran) on damping-off of cantaloupe were tested under greenhouse and field conditions.  In greenhouse experiments, application of antagonistic fungi with rice bran formulation two weeks before planting caused the highest percentage of survival plants in pre and post damping-off (83.33 and 75%, respectively), whereas application of talc based powder formulation significantly increased percentage of plant survival at the time of planting in pre and post damping-off (91.67 and 75%, respectively). In field experiments, application of tested formulations of antagonistic fungi to infested soil with F. semitectum two weeks before planting resulted in higher percentage of plant survival in pre and post damping-off in both teste

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Flavonoids of Alcea rosea L. and their immune stimulant, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cell line

Alcea rosea L. is widely cultivated in gardens of Egypt as an ornamental plant and it has a great history of folkloric medicinal uses. In the present work, phytochemical investigation of the alcoholic extract of the flowers of A. rosea L. led to the isolation of six flavonoids (1â\u80\u936). Dihydrokaempferol-4â\u80²-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), dihydrokaempferol (2), kaempferol-3-O-[6â\u80³-(E-coumaroyl)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), Apigenin (5) and kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1â\u80²â\u80³â\u86\u926â\u80³)-β-d-glucopyranoside (6). Four of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant, immunostimulant and cytotoxic activities against HepG-2 cell line. Compound (3) showed potent cytotoxic activity against HepG-2 cell line with high selectivity towards hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro (with IC50 = 3.8 μg/mL). Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant antioxidant activity and compound 4 showed a significant immune stimulant activity. Compound 1 is isolated for the first time from genus Alcea and this is the first report for its biological investigation