A Mathematical Model for the Effect of Domestic Animals on Human African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)

Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a parasite infection that is spread by the bites of tsetse flies and it is almost 100% fatal if left untreated (World Health Organization, “Neglected”). Our hypothesis is that by adding domestic animals to areas where humans are found (villages and plantations), we can reduce the amount of biting on humans, and therefore reduce the rate at which humans become infected. Numerical simulations supported our hypothesis, showing that increasing the number of domestic animals (pigs in our model) slows down the spread of the disease in both humans and domestic animals

Desiderata for the Context Use of Question Answering Systems

Prior work has uncovered a set of common problems in state-of-the-art context-based question answering (QA) systems: a lack of attention to the context when the latter conflicts with a model's parametric knowledge, little robustness to noise, and a lack of consistency with their answers. However, most prior work focus on one or two of those problems in isolation, which makes it difficult to see trends across them. We aim to close this gap, by first outlining a set of -- previously discussed as well as novel -- desiderata for QA models. We then survey relevant analysis and methods papers to provide an overview of the state of the field. The second part of our work presents experiments where we evaluate 15 QA systems on 5 datasets according to all desiderata at once. We find many novel trends, including (1) systems that are less susceptible to noise are not necessarily more consistent with their answers when given irrelevant context; (2) most systems that are more susceptible to noise are more likely to correctly answer according to a context that conflicts with their parametric knowledge; and (3) the combination of conflicting knowledge and noise can reduce system performance by up to 96%. As such, our desiderata help increase our understanding of how these models work and reveal potential avenues for improvements.Comment: Accepted to EACL 202

Comparing Template-based and Template-free Language Model Probing

The differences between cloze-task language model (LM) probing with 1) expert-made templates and 2) naturally-occurring text have often been overlooked. Here, we evaluate 16 different LMs on 10 probing English datasets -- 4 template-based and 6 template-free -- in general and biomedical domains to answer the following research questions: (RQ1) Do model rankings differ between the two approaches? (RQ2) Do models' absolute scores differ between the two approaches? (RQ3) Do the answers to RQ1 and RQ2 differ between general and domain-specific models? Our findings are: 1) Template-free and template-based approaches often rank models differently, except for the top domain-specific models. 2) Scores decrease by up to 42% Acc@1 when comparing parallel template-free and template-based prompts. 3) Perplexity is negatively correlated with accuracy in the template-free approach, but, counter-intuitively, they are positively correlated for template-based probing. 4) Models tend to predict the same answers frequently across prompts for template-based probing, which is less common when employing template-free techniques.Comment: Accepted to EACL 202

A new hollow solenoid receiver compatible with the global double-D transmitter for EV inductive charging

Abstract Inductive power transfer (IPT) technology is a promising solution for charging the electric vehicles (EVs) by enabling an EV to charge its energy storage system (battery) without any connecting wires through magnetic coupling. This paper proposes a new receiver design named Hollow Solenoid receiver that is compatible with the standard double-D transmitter defined by the SAE J2954 standard. A deep design analysis for the proposed Hollow Solenoid receiver is presented to define the optimum design parameters for coil (inductances, number of turns, dimensions, wires, etc.) and ferrite core (dimensions, number, arrangement, etc.). Several WPT3 (11.1kVA) solenoid receiver (SR) designs were presented and analyzed based on efficiency, weight, size, volume, and cost. The performance of the proposed SR was compared with the global Double-D receiver (DDR) presented by the SAE J2954 standard under different lateral and rotational alignment and loading conditions considering coupling factor, transmission power and efficiency, and stray electromagnetic fields (EMFs). The entire IPT system including coils, compensation network, power converters, controls, and battery load was modeled and analyzed for both SR and DDR coils. The results reveal that the proposed SR is compatible with the global DD transmitter at different alignment and loading conditions and is able to transmit the desired power (11 kW) at an efficiency > 85%. Hollow SR design shows the highest efficiency and lowest size, weight, and cost compared to DDR and other designs

An Overview of Dynamic Inductive Charging for Electric Vehicles

Inductive power transfer (IPT) technology offers a promising solution for electric vehicle (EV) charging. It permits an EV to charge its energy storage system without any physical connections using magnetic coupling between inductive coils. EV inductive charging is an exemplary option due to the related merits such as: automatic operation, safety in harsh climatic conditions, interoperability, and flexibility. There are three visions to realize wireless EV charging: (i) static, in which charging occurs while EV is in long-term parking; (ii) dynamic (in-motion), which happens when EV is moving at high speed; and (iii) quasi-dynamic, which can occur when EV is at transient stops or driving at low speed. This paper introduces an extensive review for IPT systems in dynamic EV charging. It offers the state-of-the-art of transmitter design, including magnetic structure and supply arrangement. It explores and summarizes various types of compensation networks, power converters, and control techniques. In addition, the paper introduces the state-of-the-art of research and development activities that have been conducted for dynamic EV inductive charging systems, including challenges associated with the technology and opportunities to tackle these challenges. This study offers an exclusive reference to researchers and engineers who are interested in learning about the technology and highlights open questions to be addressed

Physical properties and up- conversion development of Ho3+ ions loaded in nano-composite silica titania thin film

Structural and fluorescence properties were investigated for different concentrations of Ho ^3+ ions doped silica titania nano-composite thin films. These films were deposited on glass substrates at two different annealing temperatures 300 and 500 °C for 3 h.The obtained films were transparent, smooth and adhesive to the substrate glass surface. The crystallite sizes were in the nano-scale phase with values ranged from 15 to 20 nm. The average thin film thickness was found to be equal to about 1.7 μ m. Blue, red and green up-conversion emissions are detected using 808 nm laser diode. The highest emission bands were observed in the doped film with 0.4 mol% of Ho ^3+ ions. The prepared thin films could be considered promising candidates for higher efficiency up-down shifting solar cell, photonic, photo-catalytic and optical sensor applications

An Extensive Overview of Inductive Charging Technologies for Stationary and In-Motion Electric Vehicles

The wireless power transfer (WPT) system holds potential as a viable solution for charging electric vehicles (EVs) owing to its benefits including safety, automated operation, efficiency, and simplicity. Among the WPT technologies, inductive power transfer (IPT) stands out as particularly well-suited for charging EV batteries. This is primarily due to its capability to transmit high power across considerable air gap distances, accommodating the ground clearance requirements of most EVs, operating automatically without driver involvement, ensuring safety and convenience even in challenging conditions such as snow, rain, and dust, and offering maintenance-free operation by eliminating the need for plug-in connections. This manuscript provides a comprehensive exploration and analysis of the progress made in IPT technology. The manuscript introduces the operational principle of the IPT system and highlights the benefits of its components. Additionally, it discusses the transmitter and receiver architectures, outlines the characteristics of various charging pads, in case of both stationary and in-motion charging scenarios. Furthermore, it delves into different compensation circuit topologies and various WPT designs based on compensating structures associated with the IPT system. It also categorizes the converter topologies utilized in the system and presents the operating technique for each one. In addition, the ongoing research and development (R&D) endeavors pertaining to each technology are discussed, addressing challenges, existing gaps, and offering recommendations for further advancements in both stationary and in-motion charging applications

She'elot u-teshuvot meḳor Barukh : ... torat ... B'endiṭ Ṿizl.

BSLW YIVOL Clean-up ProjectVCPLSHThis book is from the private library of Mattityahu Strashun.Digital imag