Mechanisms of THz Radiation in Laser-Plasma Interactions

The exploration of Terahertz (THz) waves has captivated researchers across diverse scientific disciplines such as physics, spectroscopy, chemistry, biology, and engineering, driven by the myriad applications these waves offer. Within this expansive landscape, the development of efficient and reliable THz sources stands as a paramount objective. In the pursuit of this goal, a multitude of approaches have been undertaken, with a notable contender emerging in the form of laser-induced plasma. Harnessing the advancements in ultrafast pulses, laser-induced plasma has proven to be a promising tool for generating THz waves. Its appeal lies in the robust attributes of a high power threshold, intense THz signal, and an broadband THz spectrum. This paper delves into a comprehensive review of the physics and progress underlying THz generation from laser-induced plasmas, exploring scenarios where plasmas are induced in gases, liquids, and solids. The interactions between lasers and plasmas involve complex physical processes, resulting in a variety of laser plasma scenarios for THz generation. In this review, the focus is specifically placed on classifying THz generation based on different physical mechanisms and also examines the characteristics of the emitted THz waves. By categorizing the processes, a deeper understanding of the underlying principles can be attained

The Effect of the Parenting Skills in the Attitude of Preschool Students’ Mothers

AbstractIntroduction: child and adolescent mental health is the main part of public health and any effort for the improvement of the child mental health needs evaluation of parenting skills and familial interactions. Positive parenting education is an interventional program based on the social learning theory and its main objective is prevention of behavioural, emotional and developmental problems in children by increasing the information, skills and self confidence of the parents.Materials and methods: 32 individuals who were the mother of pre school students enrolled in this study. Beforeand after positive parenting education they were asked to fill the parenting scale and demographic questionnaires.Results: The score of the parenting scale was higher in three sub scale before education and the total score in mothers with age of lower than 30 and in mothers whose student was their first child was higher before education. the role of age and the birth rank were not significant after education .Conclusion: this study shows that short term education of positive parenting can make improvement in different sub scales of parenting scale

Factors Associated with Anxiety in Premature Coronary Artery Disease Patients : THC-PAC Study

Anxiety may negatively affect the course of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to assess which factors are associated with anxiety in young adults with CAD. A cohort of individuals with premature coronary artery disease was formed between 2004-2011, as the Tehran Heart Center's Premature Coronary Atherosclerosis Cohort (THC-PAC) study. Patients (men 6445-year-old, and women 6455-year-old) were visited between March 2013 and February 2014. All participants were examined, and their demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. Then, all participants filled in the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Logistic regression models were used to identifying factors related to anxiety in both sexes. During the study, 708 patients (mean [SD] age: 45.3 [5.8] y, men:48.2%) were visited. Anxiety was present in 53.0% of participants (66.0% of women and 39.0% of men). The logistic regressions model showed that the associated factors for anxiety in men were opium usage (OR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.09-3.27), positive family history (OR=1.49, 95% CI:0.94-2.35), and creatinine serum level (OR=1.17, 95% CI:1.05-1.303); and in women were major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during follow-up (OR=2.30, 95% CI:1.25-4.23), hypertension (OR=1.71, 95% CI:1.07-2.73) and the duration of CAD (OR=0.99, 95% CI:0.98-1.00). In premature CAD patients, the determinants of anxiety seem to be different in each sex. Opium usage, positive family history of CAD, and creatinine serum levels in men, and MACE, hypertension, and duration of CAD in women appear the relevant factors in this regard

Generalization of certain well-known inequalities for rational functions

Let $P_m$ be a class of all polynomials of degree at most m and let $R_{m,n}=R_{m,n}(d_{1}, ..., d_{n})=\{p(z)/w(z);p\in P_{m}, w(z)=\prod_{j={1}}^n(z-d_{j})~$where$~ \vert d_{j}\vert\ >1, j=1, ..., n$ and $m\leq n\}$ denote the class of rational functions. It is proved that if the rational function $r(z)$ having all its zeros in $\vert z\vert\leq1$, then for $\vert z\vert=1$ $\vert r^{'}(z)\vert\geq \frac{1}{2}\{\vert B^{'}(z)\vert-(n-m)\} \vert r(z)\vert$. The main purpose of this paper is to improve the above inequality for rational functions $r(z)$ having all its zeros in $\vert z\vert\leq k\leq1$ with $t$-fold zeros at the origin and some other related inequalities. The obtained results sharpen some well-known estimates for the derivative and polar derivative of polynomials