The correlation between Extramural English activities and vocabulary growth of High school students in Pakistan

This thesis is about the English vocabulary growth of the 9th grade Pakistani students through the extramural English (EE) activities. The main purpose of this thesis was to find the correlation between Pakistan ninth graders’ extramural English habits and their impact on the vocabulary acquisition. This study also tried to explain that how the amount of exposure of EE had put an effect on the vocabulary, the type of EE activity and its impact on the acquisition of vocabulary. In the last, this study had put a focus on the gender difference in the context of vocabulary learning through EE activities

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 1-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)thiourea

The title thiourea was synthesized by reaction of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl isothiocyante with 3-fluoroaniline. The 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl isothiocyante was produced in situ by reaction of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl chloride with ammonium thiocyanate in dry acetonitrile. The structure was confirmed by the spectroscopic, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction data. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with unit cell dimensions a = 13.0966(9), b = 16.6460(13), c = 7.8448(5), β = 106.721(5)°, V 1637.9(2) ų, Z = 4

ANTIOXIDANT, ENZYME INHIBITORY AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF ACTINOMYCETES ISOLATED FROM CURCUMA LONGA RHIZOSPHERE

Objective: To screen the actinobacterial strains associated with root rhizosphere of Curcuma longa for antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and antifungal potential and to identify the potent strain TRA-1.Methods: The strains were isolated on starch casein agar (SCA). The antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and antifungal activities were studied using standard methods. Identification of active strain TRA-1 was carried out by studying morphological and cultural characteristics and by employing 16S rRNA sequencing.Results: The detected phenolic content and total antioxidant activities were in the range of 1µg/ml to 80 µg/ml and 0.198 to 1.088 each. Diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals scavenging activity and capacity to chelate metal ion and reduce ferric iron were found in 11, 14, 6 and 12 strains respectively. The activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase were inhibited by crude extracts of twelve and three isolates and the extracts of ten isolates inhibited lipase activity. Nine isolates inhibited the growth of one or more test fungal pathogens. All test pathogens were sensitive to TRA-1. The active strain TRA-1 was identified as Streptomyces albus. The active metabolite of TRA-1 showed 41.43% DPPH scavenging activity, 54.48% and 34.46% respective inhibition in α-amylase and lipase activity and was highly active against C. neoformans (35 mm) followed by A. niger (18 mm).Conclusion: The results of the study showed remarkable antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and antifungal potential of isolated strains. The potent strain Streptomyces albus TRA-1 can be used as a promising source for isolation of pharmaceutically important bioactive compounds.Keywords: Antioxidant, Inhibition, Enzyme, Antifungal, Streptomyces albus

Evaluation of anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract of Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis (Mazaceae) herb

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of the methanol extract of Mazus pumilus (Mazaceae) herb. Methods: Anti-nociceptive activity was determined using hot plate, tail flick and acetic acid-induced writing methods. Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema (0.1 mL of 1 %) model was used for the assessment of anti-inflammatory activity. The methanol extract was administered orally at three different doses (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) to three separate groups in all the experiments. Diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg) was used as standard drug while control group received DMSO (1 %, 10 mL/kg). The hepatocurative effect of methanol extract of M. pumilus (400 mg/kg) was determined in isoniazid (50 mg/kg) and rifampicin (100 mg/kg) induced liver injury. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was used as standard drug for comparison. The control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg). Preliminary phytochemical screening was also carried out. Results: The methanol extract of M. pumilus significantly (p < 0.05) augmented latency time and reduced the number of writhes in the pain models at all doses used for the assessment of antinociceptive actions. The anti-inflammatory activity of different doses of extract was evaluated by measuring the reduction in the size of the paw. A significant (p < 0.05) hepatocurative effect was observed when administered after anti-tuberculosis drugs. Histopathological analysis of the liver tissues also revealed restored hepatocellular architecture. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of the methanol extract of M. pumilus, thus substantiating the ethnomedical claims associated with the herb

Assessment of Triglycerides Levels in Gestational Diabetes - A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the impaired glucose tolerance that is recognized first time during pregnancy. When a woman gets pregnant, glucose intolerance increases and manifests as a positive GDM diagnosis. It has been considered a transient condition because after delivery the majority of cases return to normoglycemic levels. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad. Data were collected in a period of 06 months between July 2020 to January 2021. A total of 100 women were included in the study and 5cc of their blood was taken from the vein under aseptic measures for measuring serum triglyceride levels after 12 hours of overnight fasting. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 20.0. Results: The overall mean Serum Triglyceride level of study subjects was 181.17±33.62 mg/dl, with a range of 151-359 mg/dl. Around two-third, 66% of women had <181 mg/dl of Serum Triglyceride level, and 34% of patients had it >181 mg/dl. Our observation was that the mean level of Serum Triglyceride was not different significantly among age, BMI, gestational age, educational and socio-economic groups with p-value >0.05.Conclusion: This study highlights that the circulating mean triglyceride level in GDM subjects was significantly elevated from the normal pregnancy levels

The predictive validity of Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III at 2 years for later general abilities: Findings from a rural, disadvantaged cohort in Pakistan

Using data from a rural cohort in Pakistan (N = 1298), the study examined the predictive validity of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID) 3rd edition on later tests of general abilities. The BSID III subscales (cognitive, language and motor) were administered at 2 years; general ability was assessed using the Verbal, Performance and Full-Scale score from the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) III at 4 years, and the Fluid Reasoning Index (FRI) from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) V at 8 years. The combined BSID subscales explained 15% of the variation of the WPPSI III full scale, 16% of the Verbal scale, 7% of the Performance scale and 1% of the FRI. BSID III scores at 24 months should be used with caution to predict future intellectual abilities. Copyright: © 2023 Rasheed et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.publishedVersio

1-(4-Fluoro­phen­yl)thio­urea

In the title compound, C7H7FN2S, the aromatic ring plane and the thio­urea unit are twisted with a torsion angle C—C—N—C7 of 44.6 (2)°. In the crystal, N—H⋯S and N—H⋯F inter­molecular hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into infinite sheets that are stacked along the c axis

The Problem-Based Learning Approach towards Developing Soft Skills: A Systematic Review

In this paper, we review systematically the role of problem-based learning (PBL) in developing soft skills in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) and other fields of studies. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) includes the most recent empirical, review, and conceptual studies from TVET and other multiple fields of studies including medicine, humanities, and engineering between the years of 2001 and 2016 collected from four databases. A qualitative method was used to accomplish the systematic review. After the collection of articles, the selected studies were analyzed through thematic analysis. From this review, we concluded that PBL as an instructional approach has a significant role in the development of soft skills among students of various disciplines including TVET; empirical evidence is predominantly conclusive in identifying the acquisitions of various soft skills including communication skills, conflict resolution skills, leadership skills, and interpersonal skills, and finally, several factors might influence the relationship of PBL and soft skills such as duration and process of PBL instruction, role of facilitator, and awareness and training of learners. Moreover, there are fewer number of empirical studies on the role and effects of PBL approach to developing soft skills in TVET

1-(2-Fluoro­phen­yl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxy­benzo­yl)thio­urea

The two m-meth­oxy groups of the title compound, C17H17FN2O4S, are almost coplanar with the aromatic ring [CH3—O—C—C = 5.8 (1) and 5.9 (1)°], whereas the meth­oxy group in the para position is bent out of the ring plane [78.6 (1)°]. Mol­ecules are connected by inter­molecular N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds to form centrosymmetric dimers that are stacked along the a axis