Effect of SPIO Nanoparticle Concentrations on Temperature Changes for Hyperthermia via MRI

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are being developed for a wide range of biomedical applications. In particular, hyperthermia involves heating the MNPs through exposure to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). These materials offer the potential for selectively by heating cancer tissue locally and at the cellular level. This may be a successful method if there are enough particles in a tumor possessing sufficiently high specific absorption rate (SAR) to deposit heat quickly while minimizing thermal damage to surrounding tissue. The current research aim is to study the influence of super paramagnetic iron oxides Fe3O4 (SPIO) NPs concentration on the total heat energy dose and the rate of temperature change in AMF to induce hyperthermia in Ehrlich carcinoma cells implanted in female mice. The results demonstrated a linearly increasing trend between these two factors

Kinetics of Reduction of Aza Cyanine Dyes by Bisulphite Ions in (Acetate-Acetic Acid) Buffer-Ethanol Mixtures

The kinetics of bisulphite ions reduction of 2-[[[4-(dimethylamino) phenyl]imino]methyl]-l-ethylpyridinium iodide (I), 4-[[[4- -(dimethylamino)phenyl]imino]methyl]-l-ethylpyridinium iodide (II) and 2-[[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]imino]methyl]-1-ethylquin0- linium iodide (III) in buffer- ethanol mixtures were investigated from 18ce to 45ce spectrophotometrically. These reactions follow the overall second-order kinetics, first order with respect to each of the reactants. Reaction rates decrease with increasing ethanol, as well as hydrogen ion concentrations. The reduction rate (k2) of aza cyanine dyes depends on the structure of the dye used and follows the order: dye(I) > dye(lI) > dye(III). Activation parameters were evaluated using Arrhenius and Eyring equations

Influence of Methomyl (Copter 90%) on certain biochemical activities and histological structures of land snails Monacha cartusiana

This manuscript was conducted to spotlight the toxic effect of two sub-lethal concentrations of Methomyl (Copter) LC20 (0.075 g/L) and LC40 (0.180 g/L) on some biochemical parameters and histological alterations for land snail Monacha Cartusiana (Muller, 1774). Land snails belong to the class Gastropoda and Phylum Mollusca. This study cleared that both the used concentrations (of Copter) caused a significant increase for activities of three enzymes: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transaminase (ALT), and Aspartate amino transaminase (AST) after 24, 48, and 72 h from exposure starting. In contrast, a total protein (TP) activity decreased at exposure for two concentrations at all lethality periods. Both concentrations of Copter (0.0.75 g/L and 0.180 g/L) have shown histological changes for land snail tissues after 96 h of exposure; digestive gland, hermaphrodite gland, foot, and mantle. Degeneration, rupture, and vacuolization for digestive cells have been shown; furthermore, hemolytic infiltration in connective tissue will be recognized for the digestive gland. The Oocyte and sperm show degenerated with deformation in the connective tissue of the hermaphrodite gland. Likewise, deformation in the muscle fiber layer of the foot in the land snail distorts the epidermis and mucus gland suffering from necrosis. Moreover, mantle shows rapture in epidermis layer, deformed in muscle fiber layer, and vacuolization and necrosis take place in mucus gland. © 2021 The Author(s

Identification of a new cocrystal of citric acid and paracetamol of pharmaceutical relevance

Cocrystals have been increasingly recognized as an attractive alternative delivery form for solid drug products. In this work, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction/X-ray crystallography, and differential scanning calorimetry have been used to study the phenomenon of cocrystal formation in stoichiometric mixtures of citric acid with paracetamol. Raman spectroscopy was particularly useful for the characterization of the products and was used to determine the nature of the interactions in the cocrystals. It was observed that little change in the vibrational modes associated with the phenyl groups of the respective reactants took place upon cocrystal formation but changes in intensities of the vibrational modes associated with the amide and the carboxylic acid groups were observed upon cocrystal formation. Several new vibrational bands were identified in the cocrystal which were not manifest in the raw material and could be used as diagnostic features of cocrystal formation. An understanding of the effects of cocrystal formation on the vibrational modes was obtained by the complete assignment of the spectra of the starting materials and of the cocrystal component. The results show that the cocrystals was obtained in a 2:1 molar ratio of paracetamol to citric acid. The asymmetric unit of the crystal contains two paracetamol molecules hydrogen-bonded to the citric acid; one of these acts as a phenolic-OH hydrogen bond donor to the carbonyl of a carboxylic acid arm of citric acid. In contrast, the other phenolic-OH acts as a hydrogen bond acceptor from the quaternary C-OH of citric acid. © 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry

An International Investigation of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (iMIH) and Its Association with Dental Anomalies: Development of a Protocol

Background: Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a common disorder of tooth development, which has recently been found to be associated with a higher prevalence of hypodontia. The aim of this international multicentre study is to determine the association between MIH and other developmental anomalies in different populations. Methods: Investigators were trained and calibrated for the assessment of MIH and dental anomalies and ethical approvals obtained in each participating country. The study aimed to recruit 584 children with MIH and 584 children without MIH. Patients aged 7–16 years who attend specialist clinics will be invited to participate. Children will undergo a clinical examination to determine the presence and severity of MIH, using an established index. The presence of any other anomalies, affecting tooth number, morphology, or position, will be documented. Panoramic radiographs will be assessed for dental anomalies and the presence of third permanent molars. Statistical analysis, using a chi squared test and regression analysis, will be performed to determine any differences in dental anomaly prevalence between the MIH and non-MIH group and to determine any association between dental anomalies and patient characteristics. Conclusion: This large-scale study has the potential to improve understanding about MIH with benefits for patient management

Sense of Coherence and Gambling: Exploring the Relationship Between Sense of Coherence, Gambling Behaviour and Gambling-Related Harm

Understanding why some people experience problems with gambling whilst others are able to restrict gambling to recreational levels is still largely unexplained. One potential explanation is through salutogenesis, which is a health promotion approach of understanding factors which move people towards health rather than disease. An important aspect of salutogenesis is sense of coherence. Individuals with stronger sense of coherence perceive their environment as comprehensible, manageable and meaningful. The present study examined the relationship of individuals’ sense of coherence on their gambling behaviour and experience of gambling related harm. This exploratory study utilised an archival dataset (n = 1236) from an online, cross sectional survey of people who had experienced negative consequences from gambling. In general, a stronger sense of coherence was related to lower problem gambling severity. When gambling behaviour was controlled for, sense of coherence was significantly related to the experience of individual gambling harms. A strong sense of coherence can be seen as a protective factor against problematic gambling behaviour, and subsequent gambling related harms. These findings support the value of both primary and tertiary prevention strategies that strengthen sense of coherence as a harm minimisation strategy. The present study demonstrates the potential value of, and provides clear direction for, considering sense of coherence in order to understand gambling-related issues.This study was funded by the Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation, Grant VRGF1-13

Micromechanical Properties of Injection-Molded Starch–Wood Particle Composites

The micromechanical properties of injection molded starch–wood particle composites were investigated as a function of particle content and humidity conditions. The composite materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. The microhardness of the composites was shown to increase notably with the concentration of the wood particles. In addition,creep behavior under the indenter and temperature dependence were evaluated in terms of the independent contribution of the starch matrix and the wood microparticles to the hardness value. The influence of drying time on the density and weight uptake of the injection-molded composites was highlighted. The results revealed the role of the mechanism of water evaporation, showing that the dependence of water uptake and temperature was greater for the starch–wood composites than for the pure starch sample. Experiments performed during the drying process at 70°C indicated that the wood in the starch composites did not prevent water loss from the samples.Peer reviewe