Hidden Order in URu2Si2URu_2Si_2

We review current attempts to characterize the underlying nature of the hidden order in $URu_2Si_2$. A wide variety of experiments point to the existence of two order parameters: a large primary order parameter of unknown character which co-exists with secondary antiferromagnetic order. Current theories can be divided into two groups determined by whether or not the primary order parameter breaks time-reversal symmetry. We propose a series of experiments designed to test the time-reversal nature of the underlying primary order in $URu_2Si_2$ and to characterize its local single-ion physics

RARE-30. PEDIATRIC GLIOBLASTOMA IN THE POST-TEMOZOLOMIDE ERA: OUTCOMES AND CHARACTERISTICS

Abstract INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common brain tumor, however, is a rare occurrence in children and is poorly characterized. We evaluated the characteristics and outcomes of pediatric GBM (pGBM). METHODS Retrospective analysis of pediatric (age< 18) patients diagnosed with GBM undergoing first glioblastoma resection at our brain tumor center (2005- 2016). RESULTS From 1457 GBM patients, we identified twenty-four (1.65%) pGBMs (Median Age=9 years, Females=45.8%). Median overall survival (OS) was 32.1 months, while the median progression-free survival was 11.5 months. The commonest symptoms at presentation were headaches (54.2%,n=13) and motor symptoms (50%,n=12). Mean tumor diameter was 4.5 cm and 25% of the cohort underwent gross total resection (GTR) of their tumor. Univariate analysis revealed median OS significantly associated with tumor extent of resection (GTR=56.4 months; STR/Biopsy=13.7 months, p=0.001), age at surgery (>10 years=43.9 months, < 10 years= 17.2 months, p=0.01), tumor size (> 4cm= 9.1 months, < 4cm=56.9 months, p=0.01),motor symptoms at presentation (present=14.9 months, absent=41.04 months, p=0.02) and infratentorial tumors (infratentorial=17.4 vs supratentorial=53.4 months, p=0.02). Multivariate analysis revealed GTR (HR 0.2[95% CI 0.07–0.72]; p=0.03), Age >10 years (HR 0.6[95% CI 0.02–0.64]; p=0.002), tumor >4 cm (HR 2.89[95% CI 1.88–4.11]; p=0.001) and EGFR amplification (HR 3.48[95% CI 0.82–17.4]; p=0.005) to be independent predictors of OS. Comparing patients under and over 10 years, we found that older patients had smaller tumors at presentation (4.9 vs 3.6 cms, p=0.03), greater rates of preoperative temozolomide (n=1,7.7% vs n=6, 54.5%) and bevacizumab (n=1,7.7% vs n=4, 36.4%) treatment, and lower rates of EGFR amplification (66.7% vs 11.1%) that could explain survival disparities between groups. CONCLUSION Motor symptoms, larger tumors at presentation and tumor EGFR amplification may be indictive of poorer outcomes in pGBM. However, maximal tumor resection, aggressive chemoradiation and tumor presentation at age >10 years may confer better prognosis in these patients

Victorian Teacher Supply and Demand Report 2012 and 2013

This report provides forecasts of the supply and demand for teachers in Victoria from 2014 to 2020. The teaching workforce includes all teachers from K to 12. This is the tenth in the series of such reports, the first of which was released in 2001. Unlike previous reports, this one includes a section on Early Childhood and has more extensive analysis of the future demand for teachers in the state

A green Economy in the Context of Sustainable Development and Poverty Eradication: What are the Implications for Bangladesh?

This paper justifies the necessitate for interpretive forms of economic study and then deals with their practical application in Bangladesh.               At present green economy is the burning issue in Bangladesh. To create awareness and provide information about green economics this is the main theme of this paper. Convincing evidence for policymakers and business leaders to supply in clean technologies, renewable energy and natural infrastructure will be presented in the Green Economy Report (GER), a ground-breaking study being conducted as part of the Green Economy Initiative. Sustainable development has been the overarching goal of the international community since the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992. Amongst numerous commitments, the Conference called upon governments to develop national strategies for sustainable development, incorporating policy measures outlined in the Rio Declaration and Agenda 21. Despite the efforts of many governments around the world to implement such strategies as well as international cooperation to support national governments, there are continuing concerns over global economic and environmental developments in many countries. These have been intensified by recent prolonged global energy, food and financial crises, and underscored by continued warnings from global scientists that society is in danger of transgressing a number of planetary boundaries or ecological limits.   Keywords: Green Economy, Sustainable development, Poverty Eradicatio

Extraction and Identification of Glycerides in Sesamum indicum Oil Seeds from Manipur

Seed oil from Sesamum indicum was obtained by solvent extraction technique where petroleum ether was used as the extracting solvent after crushing the kernels. The oil was purified before going to further analysis achieved through column chromatography using silica gel (60-120 mesh) and an eluent mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate (20:1). Subsequently, transesterification is done on the purified oil to produce biodiesel, also known as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The FAME composition of Sesamum indicum oil was determined using NMR, IR, GCMS analysis. The FAME profile of Sesamum indicum oil consists of 15.35 wt. % methyl palmitate [C16:0], 67.03 wt. % of methyl linoleate [C18:2], 14.92 wt. % of methyl stearate [C18:0] and 2.70 wt. % of methyl arachidate [C20:0]

Nitrogen Efficiency of Urea Amended With Inhibitors and Cations Applied to Rice

Urea, the major source of nitrogen (N), is subjected to extensive gaseous N losses to the atmosphere. Ammonia (NH3)volatilisation and denitrification losses are important mechanisms for N losses from urea and are causes of poor fertilizer use efficiency by lowland rice. The study was undertaken in a series of five experiments to evaluate means of increasing the efficiency of urea-N under flooded rice soil conditions. A laboratory incubation experiment of different rice soils was conducted to study the kinetics and transformations of urea in flooded soils. A greenhouse experiment was carried out on marine and riverine alluvial soils to evaluate urea-N efficiency in direct-seeded (DS) rice and transplanted (TP) rice under similar N management practices using lSN-Iabelled urea. Two greenhouse and one field studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of inhibitors and cations on marine and riverine alluvial rice soils on the efficiency of urea-N using 15N recovery techniques. Urea hydrolysis followed the first-order kinetics and rate constants ranged from -0.032 to -0.076 ha-1 A lag phase existed in flooded soil conditions and it varied from 6 to 15 hours. The half-life of urea ranged from 12 to 26 hours. Urea conversion to NH4 -tN was initially rapid with about three-fourths being converted within 48 hours of incubation and total conversion completed within 108 hours

Manipulation of Human Primary Endothelial Cell and Osteoblast Coculture Ratios to Augment Vasculogenesis and Mineralization

Tissue-engineering scaffolds are often seeded with a single type of cell, but there has been more focus on cocultures to improve angiogenesis and bone formation for craniofacial applications. Investigation of bone-derived osteoblasts (OBs) is important because of the use of bone grafts and migration of OBs from native bone into constructs in vivo and therefore, their contribution to bone formation in vivo. The limitation of primary OBs has been their inability to mineralize without osteogenic factors in vitro. Through coculture of OBs and endothelial cells (ECs) and manipulation of the coculture ratio, mineralization can be achieved without osteogenic media or additional growth factors, thus enhancing their utility for tissue-engineering applications. An optimal ratio of EC/OB for vasculogenesis and mineralization has not been determined for human primary cells. Human umbilical vein ECs were cultured with normal human primary OBs in different EC/OB ratios, namely, 10:1, 5:1, 1:1, 1:5, and 1:10 with EC and OB monocultures as controls. The number of vasculogenic networks in a collagen matrix was highest in ratios of 5:1 and 1:1. ECs lined up and formed capillary-like networks by day 10, which was not seen in the other groups. On polystyrene, cells were cocultured with ECs and OBs in direct contact (direct coculture) or separated by a transwell membrane (indirect coculture). At day 21, Alizarin Red staining showed mineralization on the 1:5 and 1:10 direct coculture ratios, with 1:5 having more mineralization nodules present than 1:10. No mineralization was seen in other direct coculture ratios or in any of the indirect coculture ratios. Alkaline phosphatase secretion was highest in the 1:5 direct coculture group. Vascular endothelial growth factor secretion from OBs was present in the 1:5 and 1:10 direct coculture ratios at all time points and inhibited after day 1 in other coculture groups. To improve vasculogenesis, cocultures of primary human ECs and OBs in ratios of 5:1 should be used, but to improve bone formation, the 1:5 direct coculture ratio results in most mineralization