The effects of limited rebuild buffer and track buffers on rebuild time in raid5

Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks (RAID) are very popular for creating large, reliable storage systems. A RAID array consists of multiple independent disks that achieve fault tolerance by parity coding. The contents on a failed disk can be reconstructed on demand by reading and exciusive-ORing the corresponding blocks on surviving disks. Upon disk failure, the array enters rebuild mode when it begins to systematically reconstruct the data of the failed disk on a spare disk, provided one is available. The fundamental element of rebuild is the Rebuild Unit (RU). Surviving disks engaged in rebuild, process user requests at a higher priority. Since, not all RUs are available at the same time, available RUs must be stored in a buffer, called the rebuild buffer, which is a part of the disk array controller cache. Most studies assume that this buffer is infinite. However, with the advent of large sized disks, it is increasingly difficult to provide buffers large enough that do not prove to be bottlenecks. This work studies the effect of a limited rebuild buffer on the rebuild time in an effort to estimate its effect on the Mean Time to Data Loss (MTTDL) of the array. Finally, this work studies the idea of using track buffers which aim to improve the rebuild time by reducing the number of times a track has to be read in order to be completely rebuilt

Measuring and modeling of anisotropic and polarized x-ray emission following resonant recombination into highly charged ions

The angular distribution and polarization of x rays emitted due to resonant recombination into highly charged ions were studied experimentally using an electron beam ion trap. In the first experiment, the linear polarization of x rays produced by dielectronic recombination into highly charged krypton ions was measured using the Compton polarimetry technique. In the second experiment, the electron-ion collision energy was scanned over the K-shell dielectronic, trielectronic and quadruelectronic recombination resonances in highly charged iron and krypton ions. The angular distribution of x rays following resonant recombination was measured by observing x rays in the direction along and perpendicular to the electron beam propagation direction. Both the x-ray angular distribution and polarization reveal the alignment of the populated excited states. The experiments revealed a high sensitivity of the x-ray angular distribution and polarization to the relativistic effects such as the Breit interaction. Measurements show that most of the transitions lead to polarization, including hitherto neglected trielectronic and quadruelectronic recombination channels. Moreover, these channels dominate the ionization balance and the polarization of the prominent Kα x rays emitted by hot anisotropic plasmas. The experimental results benchmark relativistic atomic calculations and are expected to play an important role in accurate diagnostics of hot astrophysical plasmas of solar flares and active galactic nuclei, and laboratory fusion plasmas of tokamaks

Energy Audit in Residential Building

This paper deals with the study of energy audit of residential building at Trumbull, CT (USA). Worldwide,30-40% of all primary energy is used for buildings and they are held responsible for 40-50% of green house gas emissions. Sustainable development is essential for the residential building construction. It has various benefits such as low environmental impact, high economical and social gains. An energy audit is an assessment of how much energy is used and identifying where it is used. We can get a detail idea about energy consumption, identifying, enumerating and evaluating possible energy saving opportunity

Prevalence of specific learning disabilities among Gujarati medium primary school children

Introduction: Learning disability in children is an assorted group of disorders where the individual unpredictably fails to proficiently attain, regain, and use information. Objective: The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of specific learning disabilities (SpLDs) such as dyslexia and dysgraphia among the Gujarati medium primary schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in public schools of Gujarati medium among children aged 7–12 years from the second, third, and fourth standard. After obtaining a sociodemographic profile, a multilevel screening approach that begins with the identification of educational backwardness followed by exclusion of vision, hearing impairment, chronic health conditions, and subnormal intelligence was carried out among these children. In the last stage, remaining children were subjected to the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences test for SpLDs. Results: The prevalence of SpLDs was 9.6% in sampled children, whereas 7.4%, 8.6%, and 7.1% had dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia, respectively. Among children diagnosed with SpLD, 65.7% (n=25/38) of children had a combination of all three types of SpLDs. Conclusions: This study suggests that the prevalence of SpLDs in public schools is the same as private schools and metro center. We have used a multilevel screening approach that can be utilized for early identification of children with SpLD by Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram team without imposing load on specialist services. There is a need for sensitization of school teacher for timely referral, remediation strategies, and policy interventions to improve school performance and to reduce dropouts of schoolchildren

Exploring Herbal Remedies For Skin Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Skin cancer, ranked as the fifth most prevalent cancer, is a rising health threat, emphasizing the need for innovative treatments. Genetic mutations cause skin cell abnormalities leading to various cancers, especially melanoma. Current treatments, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy, have limitations, necessitating advancements in technology and therapy. Early detection is crucial for effective intervention, and diagnostic methods encompass blood tests, imaging, biopsies, and genetic tests, followed by staging to determine disease severity. This review focuses on herbal remedies from medicinal plants like ursolic acid, genistic acid, luteolin, curcumin, and others, demonstrating anti-cancer properties in inhibiting proliferation and modulating molecular processes. Studies, primarily in vitro and animals, offer insights into their potential for skin cancer prevention. The review synthesizes diverse literature, providing nuanced insights into herbal remedies’ molecular mechanisms for innovative therapeutic approaches. Emphasizing the importance of human trials, particularly for compounds like ursolic acid and genistic acid, is crucial for validating efficacy and safety. Herbal remedies align with WHO recommendations, holding promise for more effective and holistic skin cancer treatments. Ongoing research supports the integration of these compounds into treatment protocols, marking a hopeful frontier in combatting this pervasive disease

Functional and radiological outcome of proximal femoral nailing versus dynamic hip screw in unstable intertrochanteric femur fractures

Background: Intertrochanteric femur fractures account half of the hip fractures in elderly, the other majority being neck of femur fracture. 35-40% of intertrochanteric are unstable (Tronzo’s classification type 3, 4 and 5). The dynamic hip screw (DHS) has achieved widespread acclaim in the last few years and is currently considered to be the standard device for outcome assessment. Though, the DHS has been shown to produce good results, but complications are frequent, particularly in unstable inter-trochanteric fracture. The advantage of Proximal Femur Nailing fixation is that it provides a more biomechanically stable construct by reducing the distance between hip joint and implant. The goal of this study is to assess the clinical and radiographical outcomes of the DHS (load bearing implant) and PFN (load sharing implant) for the treatment of Intertrochanteric hip fractures.Methods: We assessed the same in 52 cases of unstable femur fracture 26 operated with DHS and 26 with PFN and followed up with sequential radiographs for radiological union and sequential interview with Harris hip score calculation for functional outcome assessment.Results: Patients operated for unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture with Proximal femoral nailing had better Harris hip scores (excellent 4, good 14) compared to dynamic hip screw group (Excellent 6, good 5) and earlier weight bearing (At 18 weeks, 100% in PFN compared to 65.5% in DHS). PFN has lesser incidence of postoperative complications (15% in PFN compared to 38% in DHS).Conclusions:The proximal femoral nail has better functional outcome in terms of Harris hip score and early radiologic union in unstable intertrochanteric fractures of femur. 

Evaluation of peripheral lymphadenopathy by fine needle aspiration cytology: a one year study at tertiary centre

Background: Lymphadenopathy is common presenting features in various non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is simple, quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive technique that can be used as an outpatient procedure to diagnose them. The present study was undertaken to assess the various causes of lymphadenopathy through FNAC, and to see the distribution of lesions with respect to age and gender. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of lymph node fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in various non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions.Methods: Total 555 cases of the lymph node FNAC were studied from January 2014 to December 2014 in Cytopathology department of Government Medical College, Surat .The cytomorphologic features seen in the aspirates were analyzed and correlated with their etiology.Results: In this study 555 cases of cervical lymphadenopathy were analysed. The age of the patients ranged from 5 months to 90 years of which 60.2% were males and 39.8% were females. Maximum numbers of cases 147(26.4%) were in the age group of 21- 30 years. The most common lesion encountered was tuberculous lymphadenitis 44.8% followed by metastatic tumors 31.3%, reactive lymph node 16.7%, acute lymphadenitis 5.4% and lymphoma 1.8%. Male showed predominance of metastatic carcinoma and lymphoma while chronic reactive hyperplasia and tuberculous lymphadenitis were equally distributed in both male & female.Conclusions: FNAC is safe, rapid and cost effective method in establishing the diagnosis in large number of cases of lymphadenopathy. It can differentiate a neoplastic from a non-neoplastic process and therefore influence patient management preventing patient from being subjected to unnecessary surgery

Multiple jejunal perforations due to enteric fever: A case report from a rural tertiary care hospital india

Intestinal perforation is one of the most dreaded and common complications of the typhoid fever remarkably seen in developing countries which lead to diffuse peritonitis needing early surgical intervention. This is a case report of a 45-year-old male from a rural village of India presented to the emergency room with features of acute abdomen and intestinal obstruction. He underwent exploratory laparotomy and the findings were suggestive of multiple perforations due to enteric fever causing adhesive obstruction of the bowel due to peritonitis. Resection and jejunojejunal anastomosis were done as a part of the treatment. Thus, perforation occurring due to enteric fever should always be considered as a differential diagnosis in the patient presenting with an acute abdomen in rural areaswhere sanitary facilities are scanty.&nbsp

ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LATENCY IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Purpose: Multifocal ERG is a useful indicator of diabetic retinopathy. The significant delay in local responses provides a chance for the detection and understanding of the various stages of diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in ERG clinic at M & J Western regional institute of ophthalmology, Ahmedabad from January 2013 to September 2015 who were more than 35yrs of age. Results: In our study, we studied 45 eyes of diabetic patients and 20 eyes of normal subjects. In our study the mean values of the various parameters was calculated in the control group with N1, P1 and N2 latency being 14.09ms. 29,76ms and 45.55ms respectively. The N1, P1 and N2 amplitude was found to be 31.52nV, 73.61nV and 90.38nV respectively. The maximum delay in N1, P1 and N2 latency was seen to be 3.24ms, 7.11ms and 8.40ms respectively from the normal value. We also found a decrease in amplitude of the ERG waveform with N1, P1 and N2 amplitude being 20.98nV, 61.48nV and 76.4nV respectively from the normal value. Also it is helpful in cases with clinically significant macular edema where responses are remarkably delayed suggesting local retinal dysfunction and macular pathology. It provides us information regarding the condition of the macula and some ideas about the extent of ischemia affecting this area. Conclusion: In conclusion, we can say that the delayed responses obtained indicate abnormal retinal function corresponding to local discrete retinal lesions. It provides a very sensitive and objective assessment of the local retinal condition in various stages of diabetic retinopathy. KEYWORDS: Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic retinopathy; Multifocal electroretinogram

ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LATENCY IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Purpose: Multifocal ERG is a useful indicator of diabetic retinopathy. The significant delay in local responses provides a chance for the detection and understanding of the various stages of diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in ERG clinic at M & J Western regional institute of ophthalmology, Ahmedabad from January 2013 to September 2015 who were more than 35yrs of age. Results: In our study, we studied 45 eyes of diabetic patients and 20 eyes of normal subjects. In our study the mean values of the various parameters was calculated in the control group with N1, P1 and N2 latency being 14.09ms. 29,76ms and 45.55ms respectively. The N1, P1 and N2 amplitude was found to be 31.52nV, 73.61nV and 90.38nV respectively. The maximum delay in N1, P1 and N2 latency was seen to be 3.24ms, 7.11ms and 8.40ms respectively from the normal value. We also found a decrease in amplitude of the ERG waveform with N1, P1 and N2 amplitude being 20.98nV, 61.48nV and 76.4nV respectively from the normal value. Also it is helpful in cases with clinically significant macular edema where responses are remarkably delayed suggesting local retinal dysfunction and macular pathology. It provides us information regarding the condition of the macula and some ideas about the extent of ischemia affecting this area. Conclusion: In conclusion, we can say that the delayed responses obtained indicate abnormal retinal function corresponding to local discrete retinal lesions. It provides a very sensitive and objective assessment of the local retinal condition in various stages of diabetic retinopathy. KEYWORDS: Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic retinopathy; Multifocal electroretinogram