English learning motivating and demotivating factors among post-socialist Mongolia's future English teachers

A declining number of credit hours of English courses for English-majoring students at the National University of Mongolia lead teachers and students to focus on effective English education and what factors would affect it within credit hours allowed at the university. Meanwhile, English teaching class hours in Mongolian secondary schools have been increasing for the last few years, due to the national interest in learning English, resulting in a greater demand for English teachers. This study investigated the motivation of Mongolian English-majoring students towards learning English and the factors affecting them to be demotivated. A total of 20 students majoring in English teaching at the National University of Mongolia, Erdenet School of the 2019/2020 academic year completed the questionnaire on English learning motivation and attended focus group interviews. The findings showed that the students had instrumental orientation and demonstrated a strong desire to learn English. However, they felt demotivated by their teachers’ and classmates’ attitudes and living situations. The researcher recommends that the students and the teachers create a conducive environment in the classroom, where the students can feel comfortable despite making mistakes, and also suggests other practical takeaways given this post-socialist English learning environment

THE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ATTRACTIVENESS OF MEDICAL TOURISM IN SOUTH KOREA BY MONGOLIAN CLIENTS

Introduction Traveling away from their home countries for medical purposes offers patients successful access to healthcare not available in their home countries, whereas potentially relieving patients of suffering and saving lives. The most visited country for the purpose of medical healthcare service is Korea by the Mongolian clients for the last 5 years. On the other side, Mongolia is the 5th country in the top 10 countries list of medical tourism in Korea, in the same period. Methods The study was conducted with a cross-sectional study. Analyzed through the online survey, 50 participants joined in the survey, which is to identify the satisfaction levels and the main reason for the choice of Mongolian patients who have experienced in Korean medical services. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the study. Qualitative method for the framework of policy, law, and registration. A quantitative method for Mongolian patients about a number of patients, registration information, cost, services, financial support, and average tariffs. Result 65% of the survey respondents are young people /30-49 years old/ travel to Korea for health care services. Most of them travelled for cancer treatment. Almost 63% did not register in any hospital or any official governmental organization. Mongolians generally take 13 types of healthcare services and treatment from Korean hospitals. These 13 different diseases related to financial expense is USD1,618,323 by the 48 patients. The maximum amount was USD185,000 for one patient and the minimum USD1,000. Their source of funding for medical treatment is a basic few categories such as donation, loan, and own pocket. 81% of all survey respondents were very satisfied with Korean health care services and hospitals. Conclusion Cancer is a leading cause of medical tourism in Korea. Amond the survey, 52% of the respondents got treatment for cancer diseases and 65% of them are young generation. This high percentage shows Mongolia needs a cancer prevention and screening program nationwide. And the majority of them visited Korea looking for well-experienced doctors and nurses, medical types of equipment, and medical services category. Because Mongolia has no integrated registration system for medical tourism. 63% of the respondents did not register in official data of Mongolia. Therefore, their medical expenses, diseases, treatment, and dead or alive are unknown after medical tourism. The study suggested in first, develop the integrated registration data service in Mongolia.open석

Paradigm shift in traditional Mongolian medicine in the 18th century

As Thomas Kuhn stated in his book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions", revolution is an example of advanced science made by a successful paradigm shift from one to another. At that time, Kuhn's idea was a revolution in itself, becoming the primary method for scientific change. It became a basis for science paradigm policy shift and since, has been a model for gradual reform. Identifying and incorporating this model into the countries' scientific policy and reform is extremely important. The applicability of the used model can be judged by the outcomes resulting in the paradigm shift. By the way, not every scientific progress results in revolution. However, we would like to note that a laggard period with weak mental development is ended by an intellectual outburst. In other words, although in the 17th century, Mongols accepted Tibetan medicine within the framework of the "Four Medical Tantras" with recognition and common scientific mind, later in the 18th century, they thought beyond the box of the "Four Medical Tantras" and created the opportunity to develop a new paradigm. This shift made a valuable contribution to the establishment of, in a broader sense, Mongolian medicine and, in a narrow sense, traditional Mongolian medicine

Influencing Factors Promoting Technological Innovation in Renewable Energy

The issue of climate change, oil price fluctuation and the increasing environmental awareness have triggered the importance of effective energy management systems in a bid to reduce greenhouse gases. Renewable energy which is one of the effective method of effectively managing energy system has seen rapid development in recent times. Technological innovation in renewable energy have not been generally successful due to some influencing factors in some countries. This study investigates these factors in order to identify the influencing factors promoting innovation in renewable energy. Using patent application data for 12 OECD countries for the period of 1997 to 2011, we analysis the influence of government R&D, Feed-In-Tariff, electricity from renewables, per capita income, CO2 emission per capita and population on patenting activity in wind and solar energy using a panel data approach. The result showed that electricity from renewables and CO2 emission per capita significantly improves patenting activity. Per capita income showed a positive impact on patenting activity for wind energy but not solar energy. Population size was observed to reduce patent activity, while R&D expenditure and Feed-In-Tariff did not significantly influence patent activity. We therefore recommend that investment into renewables for electricity generation should be encouraged as this will induce innovation in renewable energy technology and reduce CO2 emission. Keywords: Renewable energy patent; Patenting activity; CO2 emission; OECD countries; Feed-In-Tariff; R&D expenditure JEL Classifications: O31; O34; Q

Problems of methodological determination of the place of financial and budgetary control in the system of state financial control

The relevance of this report due to the presence of problems in the field of budgetary control at all levels of the Russian budget system, which leads to numerous cases of misuse and inefficient use of budget funds and other public property, overestimation of the cost of purchased goods, works and services for state and municipal needs, the use of other corruption schemes in the budget mechanism

Закономерности изменения физико-механических свойств сплава Zr-1%Nb при комплексном ионно-плазменном модифицировании поверхности и наводороживании

В работе были изучены особенности изменения морфологии, структуры и физико-механических свойств циркониевого сплава Zr-1%Nb, подвергнутого комплексному ионно-плазменному модифицированию поверхности методами плазменно-иммерсионной ионной имплантации титана и осаждения покрытий нитрида титана. Показана высокая эффективность защиты сформированных структур от проникновения водорода в циркониевый сплав. Изучены механизмы сорбции и захвата водорода в титансодержащем модифицированном слое.In the present work, the features of the change in the morphology, structure, and physico-mechanical properties of zirconium alloy Zr-1%Nb subjected to complex ion-plasma surface modification by the methods of plasma-immersion titanium ion implantation and deposition of titanium nitride coatings were studied. The high protective properties of the formed structures against hydrogen permeation into the zirconium alloy is shown. Mechanisms of sorption and capture of hydrogen in a titanium-doped modified layer are studied

Effects of Aliskiren on Stroke in Rats Expressing Human Renin and Angiotensinogen Genes

OBJECTIVE: Pre-treatment with angiotensin receptor blockers is known to improve neurological outcome after stroke. This study investigated for the first time, whether the renin inhibitor aliskiren has similar neuroprotective effects. METHODS: Since aliskiren specifically blocks human renin, double transgenic rats expressing human renin and angiotensinogen genes were used. To achieve a systolic blood pressure of 150 or 130 mmHg animals were treated with aliskiren (7.5 or 12.5 mg/kg*d) or candesartan (1.5 or 10 mg/kg*d) via osmotic minipump starting five days before middle cerebral artery occlusion with reperfusion. Infarct size was determined by magnetic resonance imaging. mRNA of inflammatory marker genes was studied in different brain regions. RESULTS: The mortality of 33.3% (7 of 21 animals) in the vehicle group was reduced to below 10% by treatment with candesartan or aliskiren (p<0.05). Aliskiren-treated animals had a better neurological outcome 7 days post-ischemia, compared to candesartan (Garcia scale: 9.9±0.7 vs. 7.3±0.7; p<0.05). The reduction of infarct size in the aliskiren group did not reach statistical significance compared to candesartan and vehicle (24 h post-ischemia: 314±81 vs. 377±70 and 403±70 mm(3) respectively). Only aliskiren was able to significantly reduce stroke-induced gene expression of CXC chemokine ligand 1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the ischemic core. CONCLUSIONS: Head-to-head comparison suggests that treatment with aliskiren before and during cerebral ischemia is at least as effective as candesartan in double transgenic rats. The improved neurological outcome in the aliskiren group was blood pressure independent. Whether this effect is due to primary anti-inflammatory mechanisms has to be investigated further