CAUSES OF STUDENTS’ ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR AT SECONDARY LEVEL SCHOOLS

Antisocial behaviour refers to the destructive, harmful, negative actions or maladaptive behaviour of an individual towards other individuals or things in the society. These negative behaviours consist of unlawful activities and harm the people in interpersonal manners. Such behaviours occur due to the result of unsatisfactory social, ethical, moral, and/or psychological development of children at home, school, and/or under socialization in the society. Therefore, the present research study aimed to delve, uncover, and highlight the major causes (e.g., school related factors, parental factors, parental support, socioeconomic factors) that influence secondary school students’ antisocial behaviour in province Punjab, Pakistan. The present study was descriptive survey type by method and quantitative by approach. A cross-sectional type survey was conducted to elicit the perceptions of the research subjects. All students and teachers of public sector secondary schools in province Punjab were the target population while all secondary school students and teachers in public sector schools in district Faisalabad constituted the accessible population. Through proportionate stratified random sampling technique, a sample of 150 male teachers and 400 male students of 10th grade were taken in the sample. A self-developed and structured questionnaire was used as a research instrument for data collection. Both types of statistical techniques (e.g., descriptive, inferential) were used for the data analysis. It was concluded from the results of this study that school related factors (e.g., teacher-student relationships, peers’ influence); parental factors (e.g., poor father-child relationships, parental aspirations, parental negligence); parental support (e.g., empathy, guidance, material resources); and socioeconomic factors (e.g., parental income) are some of the major causes of secondary school students’ antisocial behavior

Computer-Aided Structural Analysis of the Lift Car – Frame System Under Emergency Arrest Operational Conditions

The paper presents Computer-Aided Analysis (CAA) model of a lift car - frame system. Structural analysis is carried out by the application of the Finite Element Method (FEM) to predict the responses and stresses arising in the system arising under the emergency conditions. The emergency scenario presented in the paper involves a buffer strike event which occurs during the car overtravel. The model can then be used to optimise the design to ensure safe operation of the syste

Malignant infantile osteopetrosis presenting as failure to thrive

Osteopetrosis or marble bone disease is a heterogeneous group of hereditary disorders in which deficient oraltered function of osteoclasts results into defective resorption of bone with resultant sclerosis. We report a caseof infantile osteopetrosis who presented to us as failure to thrive, severe anemia and developmental delay. Thiscase report highlights the importance of this rare disease as a differential diagnosis in infants with failure tothrive, to avoid the potentially treatable entity

Coevolved mutations reveal distinct architectures for two core proteins in the bacterial flagellar motor

Switching of bacterial flagellar rotation is caused by large domain movements of the FliG protein triggered by binding of the signal protein CheY to FliM. FliG and FliM form adjacent multi-subunit arrays within the basal body C-ring. The movements alter the interaction of the FliG C-terminal (FliGC) "torque" helix with the stator complexes. Atomic models based on the Salmonella entrovar C-ring electron microscopy reconstruction have implications for switching, but lack consensus on the relative locations of the FliG armadillo (ARM) domains (amino-terminal (FliGN), middle (FliGM) and FliGC) as well as changes during chemotaxis. The generality of the Salmonella model is challenged by the variation in motor morphology and response between species. We studied coevolved residue mutations to determine the unifying elements of switch architecture. Residue interactions, measured by their coevolution, were formalized as a network, guided by structural data. Our measurements reveal a common design with dedicated switch and motor modules. The FliM middle domain (FliMM) has extensive connectivity most simply explained by conserved intra and inter-subunit contacts. In contrast, FliG has patchy, complex architecture. Conserved structural motifs form interacting nodes in the coevolution network that wire FliMM to the FliGC C-terminal, four-helix motor module (C3-6). FliG C3-6 coevolution is organized around the torque helix, differently from other ARM domains. The nodes form separated, surface-proximal patches that are targeted by deleterious mutations as in other allosteric systems. The dominant node is formed by the EHPQ motif at the FliMMFliGM contact interface and adjacent helix residues at a central location within FliGM. The node interacts with nodes in the N-terminal FliGc α-helix triad (ARM-C) and FliGN. ARM-C, separated from C3-6 by the MFVF motif, has poor intra-network connectivity consistent with its variable orientation revealed by structural data. ARM-C could be the convertor element that provides mechanistic and species diversity.JK was supported by Medical Research Council grant U117581331. SK was supported by seed funds from Lahore University of Managment Sciences (LUMS) and the Molecular Biology Consortium

Marketing Potential and Consumer’s Willingness to Pay for Selected Organic Vegetables in Punjab, Pakistan

The study seeks to investigate the impact of major determinants influencing marketing potential and consumer’s willingness to pay for organic vegetables in Punjab, Pakistan. In this regard, two districts (Lahore and Toba Tek Singh) were selected purposively. Information was collected for main organic vegetables. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect data because limited numbers of respondents were available. A sample size of 50 organic farmers (25 from each district) and 50 consumers (25 from each district) was selected. Multivariate regression analysis was employed to identify and evaluate the effects of marketing potential (farmers) and consumer’s willingness to pay for organic vegetables in the study area. According to selected organic vegetable growers’ potential existed for the organic vegetables farming in the country and major variables influencing significantly the market potential for organic vegetables as income, price, no pesticide residues whereas hygienic food and more nutrients in the organic vegetables affecting insignificantly the market potential for organic vegetables in the study area. The relationship between dependent variable (demand for organic vegetables) and independent variables (income, hygienic food, price, pesticide residues and more nutrients in the organic vegetables) was estimating by using regression model. On the other hand, consumer survey was conducted in order to delineate the effect of consumer’s willingness to pay for organic vegetables in selected area. The findings of the research depicted that no synthetic pesticide residues, appearance and prices of organic vegetables influencing significantly the consumer’s willingness to pay for organic vegetables whereas quality, long shelf life and taste affecting insignificantly the consumer’s willingness to pay for organic vegetables in the study area. The price of the organic vegetables should be low that’s why every consumer will purchase organic vegetables instead of conventional vegetables. It should be assured by the government that there are no pesticide residues in the organic vegetables. Farming community may be motivated to produce quality seeds of organic vegetables. A pilot farming program should be initiated with joint involvement of public and private sectors

Marketing Potential and Consumer’s Willingness to Pay for Selected Organic Vegetables in Punjab, Pakistan

The study seeks to investigate the impact of major determinants influencing marketing potential and consumer’s willingness to pay for organic vegetables in Punjab, Pakistan. In this regard, two districts (Lahore and Toba Tek Singh) were selected purposively. Information was collected for main organic vegetables. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect data because limited numbers of respondents were available. A sample size of 50 organic farmers (25 from each district) and 50 consumers (25 from each district) was selected. Multivariate regression analysis was employed to identify and evaluate the effects of marketing potential (farmers) and consumer’s willingness to pay for organic vegetables in the study area. According to selected organic vegetable growers’ potential existed for the organic vegetables farming in the country and major variables influencing significantly the market potential for organic vegetables as income, price, no pesticide residues whereas hygienic food and more nutrients in the organic vegetables affecting insignificantly the market potential for organic vegetables in the study area. The relationship between dependent variable (demand for organic vegetables) and independent variables (income, hygienic food, price, pesticide residues and more nutrients in the organic vegetables) was estimating by using regression model. On the other hand, consumer survey was conducted in order to delineate the effect of consumer’s willingness to pay for organic vegetables in selected area. The findings of the research depicted that no synthetic pesticide residues, appearance and prices of organic vegetables influencing significantly the consumer’s willingness to pay for organic vegetables whereas quality, long shelf life and taste affecting insignificantly the consumer’s willingness to pay for organic vegetables in the study area. The price of the organic vegetables should be low that’s why every consumer will purchase organic vegetables instead of conventional vegetables. It should be assured by the government that there are no pesticide residues in the organic vegetables. Farming community may be motivated to produce quality seeds of organic vegetables. A pilot farming program should be initiated with joint involvement of public and private sectors