Standardization the effect of shape of aggregates with respect to compressive strength of concrete

It is proved that aggregate’s types have the severe effect on physicomechanical properties of concrete as aggregate covered almost 70 to 80 percent of the total volume of concrete. The effect of Flaky and Elongated aggregates on strength, durability, and workability of concrete has often been qualitatively expressed. The aim of this work is establishing the same quantitatively. M25 grade concrete for different ratios of weights of Elongated to normal aggregate, Flaky to normal aggregate and combined Flaky & Elongated aggregate to normal aggregate was tested for compressive strength at 28 days concrete. Three different types of aggregates were employed in the investigation, namely; normal aggregate, Elongated aggregate, and Flaky aggregate. Density and water absorption also kept constant to identify the effects on properties of concrete only for differences in shape. Thirty-six concrete cylinder was cast at 28 days. Varying dosages of Normal aggregate (60%, 65%, 70%, 75%,80% 85%), flaky aggregate (40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%), elongated aggregate (40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%), by mixture volume and length of 12inch (304.8 mm) & diameter of 6inch (152.4 mm) cylinder were used to test. Compaction was done by temping rod. Concrete cylinder was tested at the age of 28 days of curing. This study proposed of mixing three different types of aggregate in concrete. Compressive strength of concrete was measured by the effect of three different shapes of aggregates of varying dosages

Implementation of Work Sharing Technique to Improve Line Efficiency in Sewing Section: A Case Study

This paper focuses on analyzing the garment processes and operation bulletin for a particular sewing line in Mahadi Fashion (PVT) Limited. The production rate of the existing layout was not close to the target. The target was 175 pieces per hour but actual production was 138 pieces per hour. So we analyzed the layout and found out the bottleneck area. Then we rearranged the workload by work sharing and reduced manpower. By doing so, actual production was 160 pieces per hour, which is near to the target, and line efficiency increased to 77%, where the existing sewing line layout was 55%. After reducing the bottleneck in sewing line capacity, we achieved 160 pieces per hour against the 138 pieces in the existing layout

Successful Treatment of Rotavirus-induced Diarrhoea in Suckling Mice with Egg Yolk Immunoglobulin

The role of specific immunoglobulins at mucosal sites in imparting protection against disease, such as rotavirus-associated diarrhoea, is well-established. Oral immunoglobulin therapy with egg yolk-derived anti-rotavirus immunoglobulins has previously been shown to achieve moderate therapeutic effect in diarrhoea due to rotavirus in a clinical trial. Here, data on the therapeutic potential of the same immunoglobulin preparation in an infant mouse model of rotavirus-induced diarrhoea is presented. The use of an animal model has allowed therapy to be evaluated with higher doses of immunoglobulins and has suggested that an improved therapeutic effect can be achieved by increasing the dose in the clinical setting

Helicobacter pylori Infection in the Young in Bangladesh: Prevalence, Socioeconomic and Nutritional Aspects

Background The gastric acid barrier, an important host defence against small bowel infection, may be compromised by infection with Helicobacter pylori. In developing countries, H.pylori infection occurs early in life and prevelance of hypochlorhydria is high particularly in the malnourished, which may predispose a child to repeated gastrointestinal Infection and diarrhoea. Diarrhpea being a leading cause a childhood mortality and morbidity in developing countries, we investigated the prevelance of H. pylori infection in children in poor Bangladeshi community and explored its association with socioeconomic and nutritional status. Methods The study was conducted in a poor periurban community among 469 children aged -99months. Parents were interviewed ising a questionnaire. To detect active infection with H. pyloria13 C-urea broath test was performed and weight was recorded on a beam balance with a sensitivity of 20g. Results In all, 61% of 36 infants aged 1-3 months were positive for H. pylori, this rate dropped steadily with increasing age and was 33% in 10-15 month old children and then rose to 84% in 6-9 year olds. Overall H. pylori infection had no association with nutritional state of the child or family income but the infection rate was 2.5 times higher in children of mothers with no schooling. Conclusions The H. pylori infection rate is very high in early infancy in a poor periurban community of Bangladesh. The reason for a drop in the infection rate infancy is unclear but could be due to initial clearance of the infection by the body's defence mechanisms but with possible alteration of the gastric mucosa which sustains infection. Maternal education may be protective and may operate through some underlined proximate behavioural determinants. The rate of H. pylori infection and young children may predispose them to reapeated gastrointestinal infection and diahorrea

Micronutrients and Anaemia

Micronutrient deficiencies and anaemia remain as major health concerns for children in Bangladesh. Among the micronutrient interventions, supplementation with vitamin A to children aged less than five years has been the most successful, especially after distribution of vitamin A was combined with National Immunization Days. Although salt sold in Bangladesh is intended to contain iodine, much of the salt does not contain iodine, and iodine deficiency continues to be common. Anaemia similarly is common among all population groups and has shown no sign of improvement even when iron-supplementation programmes have been attempted. It appears that many other causes contribute to anaemia in addition to iron deficiency. Zinc deficiency is a key micronutrient deficiency and is covered in a separate paper because of its importance among new child-health interventions

The first complete mitogenome of Indian star tortoise (Geochelone elegans)

The complete mitochondrial genome of Indian star tortoise (Geochelone elegans) was characterized having 16,446 bp nucleotides encoding 37 genes in circular orientation comprising 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes and two rRNA genes. The lengths of 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA were 973 bp and 1600 bp. A non-coding control region (D-Loop) of 966 bp was identified between tRNAPro and tRNAPhe having seven interrupted tandem repeats. A single A + 1 frameshift insertion in the ND3 gene (ND3-174) was also discovered. The complete mitogenome of G. elegans would contribute in deeper understanding of the evolutionary dynamics and conservation effort of vulnerable testudine families

Bifidobacterium longum subsp. iuvenis subsp. nov., a novel subspecies isolated from the faeces of weaning infants

The species Bifidobacterium longum currently comprises four subspecies: B. longum subsp. longum, B. longum subsp. infantis, B. longum subsp. suis and B. longum subsp. suillum. Recently, several studies on B. longum suggested the presence of a separate clade containing four strains isolated from infants and one from rhesus macaque. These strains shared a phylogenetic similarity to B. longum subsp. suis DSM 20210T and B. longum subsp. suillum JCM1995T [average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 98.1%) while showed an ANI of 96.5% with both B. longum subsp. infantis and B. longum subsp. longum. The current work describes five novel additional B. longum strains isolated from Bangladeshi weaning infants and demonstrates their common phylogenetic origin with those of the previously proposed separated clade. Based on polyphasic taxonomic approach comprising loci multilocus sequence analysis and whole genome multilocus sequence typing, all ten examined strains have been confirmed as a distinct lineage within the species B. longum with B. longum subsp. suis and B. longum subsp. suillum as closest subspecies. Interestingly, these strains are present in weaning infants and primates as opposed to their closest relatives which have been typically isolated from pig and calves. These strains, similarly to B. longum subsp. infantis, show a common capacity to metabolize the human milk oligosaccharide 3-fucosyllactose. Moreover, they harbour a riboflavin synthesis operon, which differentiate them from their closest subspecies, B. longum subsp. suis and B. longum subsp. suillum. Based on the consistent results from genotypical, ecological and phenotypical analyses, a novel subspecies with the name Bifidobacterium longum subsp. iuvenis, with type strain NCC 5000T (=LMG 32752T =CCOS 2034T ), is proposed

PREBIOTIC EFFECT OF DAILY FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDE INTAKE ON WEIGHT GAIN AND REDUCTION OF ACUTE DIARRHEA AMONG CHILDREN IN A BANGLADESH URBAN SLUM: A Randomized Double-masked Placebo-controlled Study

Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) is a typical prebiotic agent. A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study was performed to evaluate the prebiotic effect of daily intake of an isotonic solution containing FOS on body weight gain and the reduction of diarrhea in children in an urban slum in Bangladesh over six consecutive months. We enrolled a total of 150 children, aged 25-59 months. Sixty-four children in the FOS group received 50 mL of isotonic solution with 2 g of FOS added, and 69 children in the placebo group were given an identical solution with 1 g of glucose added, once a day. The measurement of body weight was carried out every other day; height and arm circumference were measured once a month; and the children‘s mothers were interviewed to obtain data about diarrhea, the consistency and constitution of stool, other symptoms, and antibiotic treatment. As a result, the body weight gain during the six-month period was 0.86±0.55 kg in the FOS group and 0.89±0.48 kg in the placebo group, while the increase in height and arm circumference were not significantly different between the two groups. The number of diarrhea episodes during the six-month period was not significantly different. A significant reduction in the duration of diarrhea days and of duration per episode was observed in the FOS group (p=0.039 and p=0.008, respectively). In conclusion, daily intake of FOS was associated neither with the children‘s growth nor with the number of diarrhea episodes, but a significant reduction in the duration of diarrhea days was observed. Further studies are needed to confirm the effects of FOS by changing the doses and eliminating the influence of antibiotics

Factors Associated with Klebsiella

Although Klebsiella bacteremia in children is perceived to be associated with fatal consequences, data are scarce on those children presenting with diarrhea. We evaluated the factors associated with Klebsiella bacteremia in such children. In this retrospective chart analysis, data of all diarrheal children was retrieved from electronic medical record system (named as SHEBA) of Dhaka Hospital of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2012, who had their blood culture done. This was a study having a case-control design where comparison of clinical and laboratory characteristics was done among children with Klebsiella bacteremia (cases = 30) and those without any bacteraemia (controls = 90). Controls were selected randomly. The cases more often had fatal outcome (p<0.001). In logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders such as young age, severe dehydration, severe wasting, abnormal mentation, hypotension, and fast breathing, the cases were independently associated with hospital-acquired infection and positive stool growth (for all, p<0.05). The study highlights the importance of obtaining blood cultures in hospitalized children under five years old with diarrheal illness in the presence of either hospital-acquired infection or positive stool culture to have better outcome