Meso-Scale Modelling Of Pultruded Hybrid Composite Under Impact Loading

Composite is one of the substances that, during the course of their life cycle, have been put through a range of mechanical stresses and been subjected to harsh climatic conditions. Genarally, there are three type composite in the industries which is natural composite, synthetic composite and hybrid composite. Kenaf/glass hybrid composite is the type of material which will be futher study in this project. Both naturally occurring fibres and manufactured fibres may be used to strengthen composite materials, each of which comes with their own set of benefits and drawbacks. In order to enhance the qualities of the composite material, the hybrid composite was developed and implemented. However, there has only been a very limited amount of research done on how hybrid natural composites behave when subjected to impact loading. The study about the composite was done by using Abaqus 2021 software which used to imitate the testing system that is widely used in the industries which is SHPB test. Several journal has been study to find out suitable parameter and setting to be used along the simulation process. before proceeding with simulation, the model of specimen was created by using Solidwoks 2019. Based on the finding from the simulation, stress propagation, stress distribution and failure mode occur in the simulation can be observed. Glass fiber is the component wear its bear most of the load which is come from the impact of the striker bar. The deformation of the fiber also can be seen at the edge of the matrix

Computational investigation of ammonia-hydrogen peroxide blends in HCCI engine mode

The potential use of hydrogen peroxide as an ignition promoter to enable the use of ammonia in compression ignition engines is explored in the current study. A simplified numerical HCCI engine model within the Chemkin Pro suite is employed. The numerical investigation reveals that the proposed use of hydrogen peroxide is significantly more advantageous against the more conventional method of preheating the intake charge to achieve ignition, whilst using a glow plug. In particular, the IMEP, power and torque exhibit an increase greater than 65% along with a spectacular decrease of NOx emissions reaching in certain cases a 9-fold decrease. The thermal efficiency exhibits a more moderate, yet non-negligible increase, around 5%. Generally, the incremental increase of hydrogen peroxide leads to the increase of the IMEP, power and torque as well as the maximum temperature and, hence, NOx emissions. These increases are largely linear with the hydrogen peroxide addition. Finally, the introduction of hydrogen peroxide leads to a two-stage ignition process, where the first ignition stage was found to be instrumental to the control of the ignition process, and, therefore, the system’s efficiency. Further research is required to substantiate further the feasibility and the the limitations of the proposed technology which can enable the rapid decarbonization of heavy duty applications, such as marine ships and trucks

Zaman prasejarah di negeri Perlis dalam konteks arkeologi

Perlis yang merupakan negeri yang terkecil di Malaysia mempunyai warisan penting dalam konteks zaman prasejarah yang boleh ditonjolkan sebagai salah satu produk arkeo-pelancongan dan masih belum didedahkan secara maksimum. Artikel ini cuba untuk mendedahkan tapak arkeologi dan artifak zaman prasejarah di Perlis yang secara tidak langsung mendedahkan kepentingan negeri Perlis dalam konteks perkembangan dan pergerakan manusia zaman prasejarah. Data arkeologi membuktikan bahawa Perlis sudah pun diduduki oleh manusia sejak 5000 hingga 10,000 tahun yang lalu. Jumpaan seperti alat batu ‘sumatralith’ membuktikan wujudnya budaya yang dinamakan kebudayaan ‘Hoabinhian’ di Perlis. Bukti masyarakat yang mengamalkan kebudayaan Neolitik juga banyak ditemui di gua-gua di sekitar Perlis dengan jumpaan artifak seperti tembikar tanah dan beliung kapak batu bergilap di samping jumpaan gelang batu. Gua-gua di Perlis terutamanya di kawasan bukit Chuping, Bukit Tegun Lembu, Bukit Ngulang, Bukit Kerengga dan Bukit Changkul telah digunakan sebagai tapak pengebumian masyarakat Neolitik berdasarkan jumpaan artifak yang selalunya berasosiasi dengan perkuburan masyarakat tersebut. Penemuan kalam semah ‘Votive tablet’ di Gua Berhala dan Gua Kurong Batang yang mempunyai imej Avaloketisvara dan Bodhisattva serta ayat-ayat suci Buddha menunjukkan bahawa Perlis juga menyumbang kepada perkembangan era proto-sejarah di Malaysia. Data arkeologi yang banyak di Perlis menunjukkan bahawa negeri Perlis suatu ketika dahulu merupakan laluan perdagangan dan jalan utama yang digunakan oleh masyarakat prasejarah yang kemudiannya berevolusi dan berkembang daripada sudut sosio-budaya, ekonomi, sains dan teknologi ketika zaman protosejarah

Spatial and temporal variations of water quality and trophic status in Bukit Merah Reservoir, Perak

A study of spatial and temporal variations on water quality and trophic status was conducted twice a month from December 2012 to January 2014 in four sampling stations at Bukit Merah Reservoir (BMR). The concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO), water temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total phosphorous (TP), PO4-, NO2-, NO3-, NH4+ and net primary productivity had significant differences temporally (p<0.05) except for pH, total suspended solids (TSS) and chlorophyll-a. Based on correlation analysis, the amount of rainfall and rain days has negatively correlated with secchi depth and chlorophyll-a (p<0.01). The water level has significantly decreased the value of the temperature, pH, conductivity, TP and NO2- but it has positive correlation with NO3- and NH4+. Discharged from Sungai Kurau increased the value of conductivity, TSS, TP and NO2- as a result from runoff and erosion, thus decreasing the secchi depth values, NO3- and NH4+. The water quality of BMR is classified in Class II and TSI indicates that the BMR has an intermediate level of productivity (mesotrophic) and meets the objective of this reservoir which was to provide water for paddy irrigation

A low-cost fiber based displacement sensor for industrial applications

In this paper, a low-cost fiber optic displacement sensor (FODS) using a bundle of plastic optical fiber (POF) as a probe is developed and presented. The sensor consists of a high power light emitting diode (LED) as light source, a probe with multiple receiving plastic optical fiber and a photodiode detector. The sensor is characterized at millimeter distance and the sensor output is analyzed from 0 mm to 13 mm displacement. The sensitivity of the sensor is found to be 5.38 mV/mm over 2.6 mm sensing range. The sensor is very useful for close distance target since it is highly sensitive at the front slope. The low development cost, high degree of sensitivity and simplicity of the design make it suitable for wide range of industrial applications

Clinical Impact of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in De Novo or PR− or Very Elderly Post-Menopausal ER+/HER2− Advanced Breast Cancers

The CDK4/6 inhibitors significantly increase progression-free survival (PFS) in ER+/HER2− advanced breast cancer patients. In clinical trials, overall survival (OS) improvement has been demonstrated for ribociclib and abemaciclib but not for palbociclib. We undertook a real-world evaluation of PFS and OS in 227 post-menopausal patients who received first-line CDK4/6 inhibitors. There is no significant difference in median PFS (27.5 months vs. 25.7 months, p = 0.3) or median OS (49.5 months vs. 50.2 months, p = 0.67) in patients who received either palbociclib or ribociclib, respectively. De novo disease is significantly associated with prolonged median PFS and median OS compared with recurrence disease (47.1 months vs. 20.3 months (p = 0.0002) and 77.4 months vs. 37.3 months (p = 0.0003), respectively). PR– tumours have significantly reduced median PFS and OS compared with PR+ disease (19.2 months vs. 38 months (p = 0.003) and 34.3 months vs. 62.6 months (p = 0.02), respectively). In the very elderly (&gt;80 years), median PFS and OS are significantly shorter compared with patients who are 65 years or below (14.5 months vs. 30.2 months (p = 0.01), and 77.4 months vs. 29.6 months (p = 0.009), respectively) in the palbociclib group. Our data suggest that the benefit in the very elderly is limited, and PR+/de novo disease obtains the maximum survival benefit

Survey arkeologi di Gunung Baling : potensi ekskavasi di Gua Tok Sik dan Gua Baling@Berhala

Negeri Kedah memang sudah terkenal dengan kronologi sejarahnya yang panjang di mana ianya boleh dibahagikan kepada zaman prasejarah, zaman protosejarah dan sejarah. Artikel ini lebih menekankan jumpaan tapak–tapak baru yang berpotensi untuk diekskavasi di Banjaran Baling di mana terdapatnya kesan-kesan masyarakat prasejarah yang menetap di situ. Perkara ini sudah diketahui umum selepas H.D. Collings menjalankan kajian ekskavasi pada 1936. Kemudian, usaha ini diteruskan lagi oleh Jabatan Warisan Negara pada 2012 dan mereka berjaya menemui beberapa tapak baru yang berpotensi untuk dikaji seperti Gua Tembus 1 & 2, Gua Kechil dan Gua Akar. Pada awal 2015 pula, pasukan penyelidik dari Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu (ATMA) pula cuba menjejak kembali tapak-tapak yang berpotensi ini untuk dikaji dan mendapati bahawa Gua Tok Sik dan Gua Baling @ Berhala mempunyai potensi untuk di ekskavasi berdasarkan beberapa faktor. Walau bagaimanapun kebanyakan tapak warisan kebudayaan ini yang berupa gua atau batu kukup sedikit sebanyak telah terganggu oleh aktiviti mencari baja tahi kelawar oleh penduduk tempatan untuk digunakan dalam aktiviti pertanian di kawasan Baling dan Kedah amnya

The Relationship between Salivary IgA and White Oral Lesion in Bedridden Patients

Abstract The worldwide increase in the aging population poses tough challenges to the health care community. Indeed, older age has been associated with increased burden of chronic diseases. A decline in the protective functions of the oral mucosa could expose the aging individual to a variety of pathogens and chemicals that enter the oral cavity. The role of mucosal immunity in the defence against pathogens is well established. However, there does not seem to be much research on the relationship between salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and white lesion particularly among geriatric residents of long-term health care. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the dominant immunoglobulin isotype on oral mucosal surface where it acts as a first line of defence against microbial invasion. Recent investigations suggest that secretory IgA concentrations vary over the day due to a range of variables including dietary factors, daily mood, and exercise. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of sIgA level, and salivary pH with white lesion in bedridden patients. In this study, salivary IgA was determined by ELISA in samples of 34 elderly ( 60-80 years old ) subjects grouped as male and female . Unstimulated saliva was collected, saliva flow, PH, and sIgA concentrations were measured. The results showed that the sIgA concentration was significantly higher in patients with white lesion (536.97±88.63) comparing to those with healthy mucosa (323.79±64.01) , and there is no significant difference of sIgA concentration between male (476.46±145.58) and female (396.83±108.09). We concluded that early detection of oral health problems especially white lesion can be determined by the assessment of the sIgA level. This would reflect the salivary IgA protective mechanism in patients with white lesion problems

Prevalence of Endocrine Disorders Among Down Syndrome Individuals in Ksa: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To determine the prevalence of endocrine disorders among individuals with Down Syndrome in KSA. Methods: This research employs a cross-sectional study design to investigate the prevalence of endocrine disorders among individuals with Down Syndrome in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A cross-sectional approach allows us to collect data at a single point in time from a diverse group of participants, providing a snapshot of the prevalence and characteristics of endocrine disorders within the study population. Results: The study included 686 participants. The participants asked if they had a child with Down syndrome. Most of them answered no (n= 576, 84%) followed by yes (n= 110, 16%). The most frequent child age who has Down syndrome among study participants was 7-10 years (n= 45, 40.9%) followed by 3-6 years (n= 30, 27.3%). The most frequent child gender who has Down syndrome among study participants was female (n= 57, 51.8%) followed by male (n= 53, 48.2%). Father's educational level among study participants with most of them having a university (n= 82, 74.5%). Mother's educational level among study participants with most of them having a university (n= 77, 70%). Participants were asked if there was a first-degree relationship between the parents. There 55 had a first-degree relationship with (50%), and 55 didn’t have a first-degree relationship between parents with (50%). Participants were asked the female about two diseases polycystic ovary disease there were 12 had it (10.9%), 62 didn’t have it (56.4%), and the second disease was Turner syndrome 22 had it (20%) and 53 participants didn’t have it (47.3%). Conclusion: Study results showed that most of the study participants don’t have Down Syndrome according to the parent's answers. Half of the participants have a first-degree relationship between their parents. The most educational level for parents was the university