Effects of Postbiotics from Food Probiotic and Protective Cultures on Proliferation and Apoptosis in HCT-116 Colorectal Cancer Cells

Background and Objective: Postbiotics are microbial-derived soluble products, which are released during the growth and fermentation process of beneficial microorganisms in gastrointestinal tract, food and complex microbiological culture systems (cell-free supernatant or extracellular extract) or after cell lysis (intracellular extract). Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers within the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide, which can be associated with a defeated gastrointestinal barrier. In this study, potential functionality of the extracellular and intracellular extracts of probiotics (Latilactobacillus sakei, LS) and protective culture (FreshQ®, FQ) on proliferation and cell survival of HCT-116 colon cancer epithelial cells was investigated. Material and Methods: Probiotic bacteria were cultivated in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth and then postbiotics was isolated by centrifugation and sonication. The achieved solutions were lyophilized and stored until use. Moreover, HCT-116 cells were exposed to various concentrations of Latilactobacillus sakei and FreshQ® extracts (1.25-40 mg ml-1) for 24 h and then effects of these products on cell cytotoxicity, proliferation and apoptosis were investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, wound healing and AO/EB assays. Results and Conclusion: Extracellular and intracellular extracts of Latilactobacillus sakei and FreshQ the decreased in cell viability based on the postbiotic concentrations (p≤0.05), while cell proliferation was inhibited by extracellular and intracellular extracts of Latilactobacillus sakei and FreshQ® in wound healing assay. Results showed that postbiotics could induce apoptosis evidenced by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. In summary, Latilactobacillus sakei and FreshQ® postbiotics are able to decrease cell viability and proliferation and enhance apoptosis in HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells. In addition, FreshQ® postbiotics seemed more potent than that Latilactobacillus sakei postbiotics did. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest

Biocompatible functionalized graphene nanosheet for delivery of doxorubicin to breast cancer cells

© 2022 Elsevier B.V.Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach to overcome the obstacles against successful cancer chemotherapy. Herein, biocompatible carbon nanosheets grafted with multi-cyclodextrin were fabricated for doxorubicin delivery to breast cancer cells. Structural characteristics of the nanocarrier were evaluated by FTIR, XRD, MAP, EDS, SEM, TEM, and VSM. Drug-loading and -encapsulation efficiencies were calculated to optimize the formulation. The biocompatibility of synthesized drug-carrier was determined using hemolysis assay and the MTT assay was performed to assess the viability of MCF-7 cells after treatment with various formulations. In-vitro drug release revealed the pH-triggered drug release capability of the drug carrier which can improve the cytotoxic potency of the doxorubicin in the tumor microenvironment. Hemolysis assay indicated the blood biocompatible feature of drug carrier which is further confirmed by cytotoxicity study, while, doxorubicin-loaded drug carrier significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin. Fluorescence microscopy observations of the nucleus after DAPI staining indicated the apoptotic-inducing effect of the drug-loaded carrier in comparison to free drug. This can be due to the higher internalization rate of drug-loaded carriers observed in fluorescence microscopy images. These results suggest that the fabricated drug carrier can be considered as a possible tool for the delivery of doxorubicin to breast cancer cells

Polymeric complex based on poly (styrene-alt-maleic anhydride)- targeted with folic acid for doxorubicin delivery to HT-29 colorectal cancer cells

In this study, a drug-polymer complex for targeted delivery of doxorubicin to cancer cells based on poly (styrene-alt-maleic-anhydride) copolymer was synthesized. The targeted polymer complex has shown a greater effect on cell growth than pure drugs. Targeted polymer complex containing doxorubicin which is targeted by folic acid receptors, was shown to increase the effects of the drug on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells, which have a high concentration of folate receptors on its cell wall. Based on these results, this drug-carrying system may be valuable in reducing the dose of doxorubicin its systemic side effects

Applications of advanced materials in bio-sensing in live cells : methods and applications

Abstract: A wide variety of species, such as different ions, reactive oxygen species, and biomolecules play critical roles in many cell functions. These species are responsible for a range of cellular functions such as signaling, and disturbed levels could be involved in many diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegeneration etc. Thus, sensitive and specific detection methods for these biomarkers could be helpful for early disease detection and mechanistic investigations. New ultrasensitive sensors for detection of markers within living cells are a growing field of research. The present review provides updates in live cell-based biosensing, which have been published within the last decade. These sensors are mainly based on carbon, gold and other metals, and their physicochemical advantages and limitations are discussed. Advanced materials can be incorporated into probes for the detection of various analytes in living cells. The sensitivity is strongly influenced by the intrinsic properties of the nanomaterials as well their shape and size. The mechanisms of action and future challenges in the developments of new methods for live cell based biosensing are discussed

Chitosan-based biomaterials for the treatment of bone disorders

Bone is an alive and dynamic organ that is well-differentiated and originated from mesenchymal tissues. Bone undergoes continuous remodeling during the lifetime of an individual. Although knowledge regarding bones and their disorders has been constantly growing, much attention has been devoted to effective treatments that can be used, both from materials and medical performance points of view. Polymers derived from natural sources, for example polysaccharides, are generally biocompatible and are therefore considered excellent candidates for various biomedical applications. This review outlines the development of chitosan-based biomaterials for the treatment of bone disorders including bone fracture, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, arthritis rheumatoid, and osteosarcoma. Different examples of chitosan-based formulations in the form of gels, micro/nanoparticles, and films are discussed herein. The work also reviews recent patents and important developments related to the use of chitosan in the treatment of bone disorders. Although most of the cited research was accomplished before reaching the clinical application level, this manuscript summarizes the latest achievements within chitosan-based biomaterials used for the treatment of bone disorders and provides perspectives for future scientific activities. © 202