The relationship between linguistics and education

We need opportunities to bridge the gap between the practical experience of the teacher in the classroom and the linguist\u27s work on the mysteries of language learning

A Christian Theology of Sport and the Ethics of Doping

The purpose of this thesis is to present a theologically informed alternative to common conceptions of sport in contemporary culture, particularly in response to the challenges of doping in athletic competition. In the first part we will examine contemporary ethical perceptions of doping in sport by analysing the major arguments commonly used to justify the current ban on enhancement substances. The outcome will show that the context of the debate fails to account for a more fundamental analysis of the purpose and nature of sport. Part two will develop a framework for conceptualising sport. I will identify sport in the theory of social practices as depicted by Alasdair MacIntyre where sport is premised on the virtues and has no end beyond itself. This theory differs from the views traditionally held by the church which include seeing sport as insignificant, immoral or instrumental. In the third part I will offer suggestions for ways Christian theology contributes to our understanding of sport. We will look at three critical steps necessary in developing a Christian ethic of sport. First, we must reconcile Christian moral practice and participation in sport. After this we must recognise sport’s nature in the context of our human essence. As a third step Christians need to actively recover the spirit of play in sport that stands in contrast to the contemporary sports culture. When we have taken these three steps we begin to see sport differently than does the modern sports culture. In the conclusion I will suggest that, for Christians, sport becomes a form of worship as it points us to God through the components of grace and gratitude. This approach should shape our moral behaviour in sport, including in the issue of doping. It is clear that the benefits sought through enhancements fail to contribute to these purposes in any meaningful way. The motivation behind doping is to gain a competitive advantage and is based on a view of sport that sees winning as the highest value. This is incompatible with a Christian theology of sport

Prior Knowledge and Prediction in Reading

In order to understand how reading works and what reading is, it is necessary to look carefully at what readers try to do when they read. Many teachers have noticed that when pupils are confused by the meaning of a word or phrase, they will make a guess at it, sometimes to themselves, or publicly if reading orally. On what are these guesses based? Kenneth Goodman (1967), in his research on the nature and quality of children\u27s predictions about the meanings in their reading called reading a psycholinguistic guessing game . Prediction has become a more descriptive word than \u27guess\u27 about what the reader is doing, since he/she is making predictions on some rational basis. What is the nature of this rational basis for a reader\u27s predictions

XENOPUS LAEVIS PEROXIREDOXINS ARE EXPRESSED IN DISTINCT TISSUES DURING EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS

Development in the frog, Xenopus laevis, requires the utilization of yolk glyco- lipo-proteins in a temporally- and spatially-dependent manner. The metabolism of the yolk produces H20 2, a potent Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Peroxiredoxins (Prdxs) are a family of 6 anti-oxidant enzymes that, amongst other roles, reduce H20 2. Prdxs reduce H20 2through a thiol-redox reaction at conserved cysteine residues, which results in the creation of disulfide bonds. Recently the thiol-redox reaction of Prdxs has also been implicated in several cell signaling systems. Herein is a report of the cloning and expression patterns during development of 6 peroxiredoxin homologs from the frog X. laevis. Sequence analysis has confirmed their identity as well as their evolutionary relationship with peroxiredoxins from several other species. Using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analysis we have shown that there is early, robust and unique expression patterns for all six homologs during development. All six X. laevis peroxiredoxins are expressed in neural regions including the brain, and eyes, as well as the somites. Different expression patterns for each peroxiredoxin are also observed in the pronephric region, including the proximal and distal tubules and the Wolffian duct. Expression of several peroxiredoxins was also observed in the blood precursors and the olfactory placode. These results suggest important roles for all six peroxiredoxins during early development. These roles may be restricted to their functions as anti-oxidant enzymes, but may also be related to their emerging roles in redox signaling, which is discussed herein

Comparison of the Mechanisms of Drug Resistance among HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most prevalent deadly chronic viral diseases. HIV is treated by small molecule inhibitors. HBV is treated by immunomodulation and small molecule inhibitors. HCV is currently treated primarily by immunomodulation but many small molecules are in clinical development. Although HIV is a retrovirus, HBV is a double-stranded DNA virus, and HCV is a single-stranded RNA virus, antiviral drug resistance complicates the development of drugs and the successful treatment of each of these viruses. Although their replication cycles, therapeutic targets, and evolutionary mechanisms are different, the fundamental approaches to identifying and characterizing HIV, HBV, and HCV drug resistance are similar. This review describes the evolution of HIV, HBV, and HCV within individuals and populations and the genetic mechanisms associated with drug resistance to each of the antiviral drug classes used for their treatment

Log-ratio signal-processing technique for beam position monitors

Two basic signal-processing techniques are presently in wide use for the processing of signals from beam position monitors (BPMs); difference-over-sum, and amplitude-modulation-to-phase-modulation (AM-PM) conversion. Difference-over-sum offers simplicity and low cost, but poor real-time normalized response and amplitude dynamic range. AM-PM offers fast real-time response and large dynamic range, but is costly and difficult to implement. Logarithmic-ratio processing, a technique using newly available inexpensive hybrid circuits, appears to offer the advantages of both, and the disadvantages of neither. This paper reviews the features techniques, and highlights the features of the log-ratio technique. Among the advantages of log-ratio is a beam-displacement response linearity that is superior to either difference-over-sum or AM-PM for circular-aperture BPMs

Lithic Morphological Organization: Gahagan Bifaces from Texas and Louisiana

This study is focused upon an analysis of Gahagan biface morphology and enlists the three largest samples of these bifaces, to include that of the type site (Gahagan Mound) as well as the Mounds Plantation and George C. Davis sites. Results indicate a significant difference in Gahagan biface morphology at the Mounds Plantation site when compared with Gahagan bifaces from the Gahagan Mound and George C. Davis sites. A test of morphological integration indicates that the bifaces are significantly integrated, meaning that those traits used to characterize their shape (blade and base) vary in a coordinated manner. Tests for allometry and asymmetry were not significant. Results confirm that Gahagan biface production at Mounds Plantation differs significantly when compared with industries at Gahagan Mound and George C. Davis. Results augment previous inquiries, and provide additional evidence for a north-south divide based upon the morphology associated with communities of practice for Gahagan bifaces. When viewed in concert with similar shifts in Hickory Fine Engraved and Smithport Plain bottle morphology, multiple lines of evidence lend support to an increasingly robust argument for two previously unrecognized and morphologically-unique Caddo communities of practice