ASSESSMENT OF CORRELATION IN GENDER AND AGE WITH LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS IN HYPERLIPIDEMIA PATIENTS

ABSTRACTObjective: The main objective of the study was to monitor and compare the correlation between the age and gender with the serum lipoprotein levelsin the hyperlipidemia patients.Methods: The entire study was performed only after getting approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. This is a prospective observationalstudy and conducted in Department of Cardiology of a tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 520 patients were included and the data collected bydata entry form, and the results were thoroughly analyzed using various statistical tools for its relevance and significance.Results: From the total study population (n=520), the majority was males 271 (52.1%) than the female population 249 (47.9%). The minimum agein the study population identified was 40 (years) and the maximum age was 89 (years). The average age of the study population was found to be60.94±13.062 (years). The mean averages of total cholesterol in males 217.48±39.33 mg/dL compared to females 231.05±55.05 mg/dL, triglyceridesin males were 209.01±73.08 mg/dL compared to females 235.71±97.16 mg/dL, low-density lipoproteins in males were 156.42±37.02 mg/dLcompared to females 164.19±43.17 mg/dL, and in case of high-density lipoproteins it was 32.61±6.34 mg/dL compared to females 31.48±6.53 mg/dL.Conclusion: From the entire study, it was concluded that the prevalence rate is a more common in male population. The incidence rate is too high inyounger age population. The correlation of age and gender is directly proportional to the incidence of hyperlipidemia.Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, Cardiology, Gender, Age

Upwelling over the eastern Arabian Sea

Upwelling is a vital oceanographic phenomena determining the biological productivity of the coastal oceanic provinces in a greater extent. The annual pelagic fisheries of coastal rim countries, adjacent to the eastern boundary of the Ocean, over the trade wind zone are greatly dependent on upwelling. Over the North India Ocean (NIO), west coast of India, adjacent to the eastern Arabian Sea is well known for its seasonal occurrence of upwelling and downwelling annually. Over the past, several authors have studied upwelling along the west coast of India (Banse 1959, 1968; Sharma 1978; Johannessen et al., 1987

Course Manual Winter School on Structure and Functions of Marine Ecosystem: Fisheries

Marine ecosystems comprises of diverse organisms and their ambient abiotic components in varied relationships leading to an ecosystem functioning. These relationships provides the services that are essential for marine organisms to sustain in the nature. The studies examining the structure and functioning of these relationships remains unclear and hence understanding and modelling of the ecological functioning is imperative in the context of the threats different ecosystem components are facing. The relationship between marine population and their environment is complex and is subjected to fluctuations which affects the bottom level of an ecosystem pyramid to higher trophic levels. Understanding the energy flow within the marine ecosystems with the help of primary to secondary producers and secondary consumers are potentially important when assessing such states and changes in these environments. Many of the physiological changes are known to affect the key functional group, ie. the species or group of organisms, which play an important role in the health of the ecosystem. In marine environment, phytoplankton are the main functional forms which serves as the base of marine food web. Any change in the phytoplankton community structure may lead to alteration in the composition, size and structure of the entire ecosystem. Hence, it is critical to understand how these effects may scale up to population, communities, and entire marine ecosystem. Such changes are difficult to predict, particularly when more than one trophic level is affected. The identification and quantification of indicators of changes in ecosystem functioning and the knowledge base generated will provide a suitable way of bridging issues related to a specific ecosystem. New and meaningful indicators, derived from our current understanding of marine ecosystem functioning, can be used for assessing the impact of these changes and can be used as an aid in promoting responsible fisheries in marine ecosystems. Phytoplantkon is an indicator determining the colour of open Ocean. In recent years, new technologies have emerged which involves multidisciplinary activities including biogeochemistry and its dynamics affecting higher trophic levels including fishery. The winter school proposed will provide the insights into background required for such an approach involving teaching the theory, practical, analysis and interpretation techniques in understanding the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems from ground truth measurements as well as from satellite remote sensing data. This is organized with the full funding support from Indian council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) New Delhi and the 25 participants who are attending this programme has been selected after scrutiny of their applications based on their bio-data. The participants are from different States across Indian subcontinent covering north, east, west and south. They are serving as academicians such as Professors/ scientists and in similar posts. The training will be a feather in their career and will enable them to do their academic programmes in a better manner. Selected participants will be scrutinized initially to understand their knowledge level and classes will be oriented based on this. In addition, all of them will be provided with an e-manual based on the classes. All selected participants are provided with their travel and accommodation grants. The faculty include the scientists who developed this technology, those who are practicing it and few user groups who do their research in related areas. The programme is coordinated by the Fishery Resources Assessment Division of CMFRI. This programme will generate a team of elite academicians who can contribute to sustainable management of marine ecosystem and they will further contribute to capacity building in the sector by training many more interested researchers in the years to come

Study on Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll-a concentration along the south-west coast of India

Global climate change affects the oceanographic features and distribution of marine fishes as they are poikilothermic animals. Study of oceanographic variables in a localized region is more relevant in the context of ecological responses rather than global or continental variations. In this study, time series analysis of chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) in sea water and sea surface temperature (SST) was performed separately for southern, middle and northern stratum along south-west coast of India using various statistical tools. The SST showed an increasing trend along the entire south-west coast of India after the year 1995. The northern and southern stratum of south-west coast were highly influenced by rising SST, whereas middle stratum in present scenario showed stable conditions in terms of Chl-a concentration. The study provides a baseline information about changing patterns of oceanographic features along the south-west coast of India giving a better understanding of changing global climatic conditions in coastal ecosystems

2-Amino-N-[3-(2-chloro­benzo­yl)-5-ethyl­thio­phen-2-yl]acetamide

In the title compound, C15H15ClN2O2S, the 2-amino­acetamide N—C(=O)—C—N unit is approximately planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.020 (4) Å. The central thio­phene ring makes dihedral angles of 7.84 (11) and 88.11 (11)°, respectively, with the 2-amino­acetamide unit and the 2-chloro­phenyl ring. An intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by an N—H⋯O hydrogen bond and weak C—H⋯O inter­actions into a chain along the c axis. A C—H⋯π inter­action is also present

Holistic Approach to Upwelling and Downwelling along the South-West Coast of India

An attempt has been made to develop a holistic understanding of upwelling and downwelling along the south-west coast of India. The main objective was to elucidate the roles of different forcings involved in the vertical motion along this coast. The south-west coast of India was characterized by upwelling during the south-west monsoon (May to September) and by downwelling during the north-east monsoon and winter (November to February). The average vertical velocity calculated along the south-west coast from the vertical shift of the 26 �C isotherm is 0.57 m/day during upwelling and 0.698 m/ day during downwelling. It was concluded that upwelling along the south-west coast of India is driven by offshore Ekman transport due to the alongshore wind, Ekman pumping, horizontal divergence of currents and by the propagation of coastally trapped waves. Whereas downwelling along the coast is driven only by convergence of currents and the propagation of coastally trapped Kelvin waves. Along the west coast of India, the downwelling-favorable Kelvin waves come from the equator and upwelling-favorable waves come from the Gulf of Mannar region

How oceanography influences Fishery Biology? - A Case of distribution differences in carnivorous and planktivorous fishes along the Coastal Waters of Eastern Arabian Sea In: ICAR Sponsored Winter School on Recent Advances in Fishery Biology Techniques for Biodiversity Evaluation and Conservation, 1-21 December 2018, Kochi.

Understanding the link between physical oceanographic events and seasonality in catch composition is a critical component in the accurate assessment of climate change impacts in context of fisheries. This remains elusive owing to the lack of synoptic-level datasets on the relevant oceanographic variables. The advent of satellite remote sensing that can measure oceanographic variables at high spatial and temporal resolution has helped to address this challenge. Prior studies have communicated the puzzling dominance of carnivores (fish groups) in North East Arabian Sea (NEAS) whereas planktivores appear to thrive in South East Arabian Sea (SEAS). The study attempts to address this conundrum by taking cues from the influence of oceanographic forcing upon seasonal trends in catch composition using remotely-sensed oceanographic variables and mean standardized catch. The anoxic conditions associated with intense seasonal upwelling in SEAS waters leads to the reduction in the vertical extent of demersal carnivore habitats. The demersal habitats in NEAS waters have a higher likelihood of entraining oxygen rich (>0.5 ml/L) water column when compared with its southern counterpart especially from August to November. Moreover, NEAS waters cater to the nutritional requirements of juvenile demersal carnivore population as it supports primary production both during summer and winter monsoon months. The perpetual presence of chlorophyll biomass allows for the persistence of a prey base that maximizes the likelihood of demersal adult population being well-fed. The poleward directed West India Coastal Current facilitates the passive drift of juveniles towards productive and oxygen rich habitats in NEAS waters. For demersal/pelagic carnivores that undergo recruitment over a long span of time (> 6 months), NEAS waters provide the best spawning ground capable of meeting their long-term nutritional demands. Pelagic planktivores thrive in SEAS, where seasonal upwelling supported primary production remains the norm, owing to their relatively short recruitment span (< 4 months). Unlike SEAS, NEAS waters are found to provide suitable environment geared towards the successful larval recruitment, sustenance and survival of the demersal carnivore group. This could act as a forcing function in driving the annual catch composition of landing data registered in NEAS waters toward carnivore spectrum

Implications of Extreme Climatic Events on Marine Fisheries Sector

Implications of Extreme Climatic Events on Marine Fisheries Secto