EFFECT OF A PARTICLE ENGINEERING PROCESS ON POLYMORPHIC TRANSITION OF PYRAZINAMIDE

Objective: The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of processing on physicochemical properties of spray dried Pyrazinamide. Methods: Pyrazinamide was spray dried using several spray drying conditions, FTIR, XRD and thermal analysis were undertaken for all samples. A comparison of crystalline/amorphous nature of the starting material as well as processed materials was carried out.Results: The unprocessed material was a typical crystalline material composed of a mixture of alpha and gamma polymorphic forms of pyrazinamide.In contrast spray dried materials showed other mixtures of different polymorphs of  pyrazinamide based on spray drying conditions. In other words, the solid state of spray dried material was dependent on processing parameters (solvent systems, inlet temperature), which may indicate the effect of processing conditions on the solid state of Pyrazinamide.Conclusion: Processing of Pyrazinamide without excipients gave different polymorphs, according to the solvent mixture used in the spray drying processÂ

Mao Zedong\u27s Rise to Power: How One Man Changed the Future for the Better; then Changed it for Himself

An in-depth look into the rise of Mao Zedong from the period of 1949-1959. talking specifically about how despite poor decisions made by Mao during both the first Five-year plan and the Great Leap Forward how he remained in power. the analysis of this is reading both the letter Peng Dehuai, his (Vice Premier) had written him in response too the decisions he had made and the overall outcome of this pinnacle Lushan conference

A multi-hop routing protocol for an energy-efficient in wireless sensor network

The low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol has been developed to be implemented in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) systems such as healthcare and military systems. LEACH protocol depends on clustering the employed sensors and electing one cluster head (CH) for each cluster. The CH nodes are changed periodically to evenly distribute the energy load among sensors. Updating the CH node requires electing different CH and re-clustering sensors. This process consumes sensors’ energy due to sending and receiving many broadcast and unicast messages thus reduces the network lifetime, which is regarded as a significant issue in LEACH. This research develops a new approach based on modifying the LEACH protocol to minimize the need of updating the cluster head. The proposal aims to extend the WSN’s lifetime by maintaining the sensor nodes’ energy. The suggested approach has been evaluated and shown remarkable efficiency in comparison with basic LEACH protocol and not-clustered protocol in terms of extending network lifetime and reducing the required sent messages in the network reflected by 15%, and, in addition, reducing the need to reformatting the clusters frequently and saving network resources

Development of a light-based driver assistance system

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Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts Assessment of Using Different Rainwater Harvesting Techniques in Sarida Catchment, West Bank, Palestine

A statistically representative questionnaire targeted people using rainwater harvesting (RWH) techniques in rural communities of Sarida catchment,West Bank, Palestine was distributed and analyzed. The main objective of this study is to assess the social, economic, and environmental impacts of adopting RWH techniques (e.g. cisterns, concrete and clay ponds, Wadi ponds, earth dams, and stone terraces) in different uses to increase water availability. The results showed a simple sharing of the female component among beneficiaries, while concrete ponds and cisterns were the most used techniques. Actually, social impacts were noticeable by sharing the same RWH structure and reflected to responsibility skills and role exchange increases. On the other hand, RWH techniques showed a significant economic impact for end users represented by enhancing domestic, agricultural,and recreational activities leading to good profit increase. In addition to food security as output, the most important environmental impact was water wasting prevention, which in turn could be linked to sustainable water management and considered as universal challenge for future generations

Controlled Release of Fluoride from Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) Films

The development of aesthetically unattractive white spots is a concern for patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Due to poor oral hygiene during treatment, accumulation of plaque around orthodontic brackets causes bacterial fermentation reactions producing acids that dissolve the mineral enamel. Such dissolution results in white spot formation, an early sign of dental caries. In principal, to inhibit the appearance of these spots during treatment, fluoridated elastomeric o-rings might be employed. Once placed around brackets, these o-rings should release fluoride therapeutically for at least 30 days, after which the orthodontist may replace them. At the present time, such fluoride-releasing o-rings are not available. In this study, model materials for fluoride-releasing elastomeric o-rings were developed. These materials were fluoride-impregnated poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA) films. In vitro release studies of these films were conducted, assessing their capacity to deliver fluoride within therapeutic range (1.2 ≤ µg F/ring/day ≤ 51.4) for 30-45 days. Optimal sample and experimental parameters, including (1) fluoride loading in the film (wt% F), (2) overcoat thickness, and (3) temperature that provided therapeutic release, were determined. At 37°C, favorable release was observed for the following: (1) films with overcoat thickness of 0.14 mm and fluoride loadings of 3.9 wt% and 5.7 wt% and (2) films with overcoat thickness of 0.27 mm and fluoride loading of 5.7 wt%. These results are important in providing fundamental guidance for the development of o-rings that combat white spot formation among orthodontic patients

ANALYZING AND EVALUATING THE SECURITY STANDARDS IN WIRELESS NETWORK: A REVIEW STUDY

Wireless networks used widely in office, home, and public places so security is one of the significant issues to keep the transmitted information safe. The applied security standards have been developed in response to the demand of high security and the developed hardware with software. Currently, the available security standards are (WEP, WPA, WPA2 and under development WPA3). These security standards are different in the offered security level base on the employed authentication method and encryption algorithms. The major objective of this paper is studying security standards and analyzing them based on their features. In addition to presenting a detailed review about WPA3 and its improvements over the older security standards. The conducted evaluations explained the differences among the Wi-Fi security standards in term of the offered security level, software and hardware requirements

Deep learning model for thorax diseases detection

Despite the availability of radiology devices in some health care centers, thorax diseases are considered as one of the most common health problems, especially in rural areas. By exploiting the power of the Internet of things and specific platforms to analyze a large volume of medical data, the health of a patient could be improved earlier. In this paper, the proposed model  is based on pre-trained ResNet-50  for diagnosing thorax diseases. Chest x-ray images are cropped to extract the rib cage part from the chest radiographs. ResNet-50 was re-train on Chest x-ray14 dataset where a chest radiograph images are inserted into the model to determine if the person is healthy or not. In the case of an unhealthy patient, the model can classify the disease into one of the fourteen chest diseases. The results show the ability of ResNet-50 in achieving impressive performance in classifying thorax diseases

Model signatures and aridity indices enhance the accuracy of water balance estimations in a data-scarce Eastern Mediterranean catchment

Study region: Wadi Faria catchment, Palestine. Study focus: The upper part of the Faria catchment (139 km2) is a typical semi-arid karst catchment in the Eastern Mediterranean, where, up to recently, data availability has hindered the accurate assessment of renewable water resources. Newly available six-year time-series of rainfall and runoff data, combined with thorough field campaigns, enabled the application of the distributed TRAIN-ZIN watershed model. The model was constrained using seven hydrological signatures derived from the available time-series. New hydrological insights for the region: We found that the mean annual actual evapotranspiration was about 70% of precipitation, recharge was about 30% and natural runoff (excluding baseflow) 1%. Aggregated model results also supported aridity indicators that show the presence of Infiltration Excess (Hortonian) Overland Flow, as well as the importance of indirect groundwater recharge and evaporation from soil during dry months. In total, maximum annual water availability was of the same order of magnitude as actual demand estimates (23 MCM). However, high spatial and inter-annual variability, and the presence of karst features suggest that water resources in the region are highly vulnerable

Analysis of the content of the technology book for the secondary stage according to logical thinking

The current study aimed to analyze the content of the technology book for the secondary stage in Palestine according to logical thinking and to indicate thedegree to which it represents the levels of logical thinking as indicated by Piaget. Technology book for the eleventh and twelfth grades, scientific and literary. The results of the study showed that the total skills of my technology book for the academicyear (2020-2021) is (463). Where the skill of installation ranked first with a percentage of (27.8%), followed by the skill of organization with a percentage of (25.51%) in the second place, and then came the skill of evaluation in the third place with a percentage of (23.83%).In light of the findings of the researchers, they recommended the necessity of subjecting the development processes of the content of my technology book for the secondary stage to sound scientific planning that ensures its inclusionin various types of educational experiences in a balanced manner