Off-diagonal Yukawa Couplings in the s-channel Charged Higgs Production at LHC

The search for the heavy charged Higgs (mH+ > mtop) has been mainly based on the off-shell top pair production process. However, resonance production in s-channel single top events is an important channel to search for this particle. In a previous work, it was shown that this process, i.e., qq' -> H+ -> tb + h.c., can lead to comparable results to what is already obtained from LHC searches through gb -> tH- process. What was obtained was, however, based on diagonal Yukawa couplings between incoming quarks assuming cs as the main incoming pair due to the CKM matrix element being close to unity. The aim of this paper is to show that off-diagonal couplings, like cb, may lead to substantial contributions to the cross section, even if the corresponding CKM matrix element is two orders of magnitude smaller. For this reason, the cross section is calculated for each initial state including all diagonal and off-diagonal terms, and all is finally added together to get the total cross section which is observed to be ~ 2.7 times larger than what is obtained from cs initial state. Results are eventually reflected into 95% C.L. exclusion and $5\sigma$ discovery contours at different integrated luminosities of LHC. A reasonable coverage of the parameter space is obtained by the 95% C.L. exclusion contour.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure

Jursprudentical and Legal Critique of “Tatarros” and “Avoidance of Taghut” in the Foundations of Takfiri Terrorism

Takfiri terrorism, as a political phenomenon for those claiming power in form of religious groups is expanding in Islamic countries and has become the greatest challenge for the Islamic world. Misuse of jurisprudential rules named "Tatarros" and "Avoidance of Taghut" is the most abject mental and practical approach that is being practised by this group. The present article adopts library and descriptive-analytical methods to examine major principles of Takfiri terrorism from the perspective of jurisprudence and law. The purpose of this study is to prove that the main principles of Takfiri terrorism, namely the jurisprudential rule of "Tatarros" and "Avoidance of Taghut", seek aggression and other forms of terror in Islamic countries and that the killing of Muslims by Takfiris is unrelated to the rule of Tatarros. The question is what conditions govern these rules according to Islamic jurists and whether these rules entail suicide attacks and the killing of civilians

The effect of managers' overconfidence on cash holdings in companies listed on the Baghdad stock exchange: Mathematical analysis

One of company managers' most important financial decisions is to choose an optimal level of cash holdings so that cash deficit costs are reduced, and profit resources are directed in line with the company's profitability goals. Managers' overconfidence is one of the most critical factors affecting the company's cash Holdings. The raison d'être of overconfidence is the peace that people get from it. In this regard, the current research aims to mathematically investigate the effect of managers' overconfidence on cash Holdings in companies listed on the Baghdad Stock Exchange in the ten years between 2012 and 2022. The statistical population of this research was the companies admitted to the Baghdad Stock Exchange, and 50 companies were selected using the systematic elimination method. A multivariate regression method and combined data were used to test the hypotheses. The research findings based on mathematical analysis showed that managers' overconfidence does not affect companies' cash Holdings on the Baghdad Stock Exchange

Rhazes’s View on Nasal Tumors

Rhazes, or Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Zakariyyā al-Rāzī (854-925 CE), was an Iranian physician, philosopher and chemist. He learned medicine more through the hospital and so-called clinical observations and, therefore, spent more time on his studies; this can be seen in his works and writings. He used the writings of medical predecessors and cited them in his writings. He followed and completed their works and sometimes wrote critiques on their works. In his written medical works, Rhazes has paid special attention to various diseases, notably tumors and cancer. It is noteworthy that over a thousand years ago, a skilled physician presented his explanation and treatment strategies for nasal cancer and tumor status

Micropropagation and assessment of somaclonal variation in Galanthus transcaucasicus in vitro plantlets

In vitro culture of twin-scaling explants of Galanthus transcaucasicus with different concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) including 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg L-1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg L-1 benzyladenine (BA) was studied. After 18 weeks, the number of regenerated bulblets and intensity of callus was measured. Subsequently, bulblets were transferred to a medium with 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg L-1 NAA and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg L-1 BA and, after 15 weeks, the bulblets length and diameter were measured. The highest intensity of callus was obtained on 4 mg L-1 NAA or 8 mg L-1 NAA with 1 mg L-1 BA. The highest number of regenerated bulblets was detected with 6 mg L-1 NAA and 2 mg L-1 BA. The highest diameter of bulblets occurred on four mgL-1 NAA (9.4 mm), while the lowest was observed on 0.5 mg L-1 BA (1.83 mm). The analysis of genetic variation using ISSR revealed that there was no somaclonal variation among the regenerated plants from BA and low level of NAA, but there was a significant somaclonal variation at high concentrations of NAA

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance