The Comparative Semantics of the Term Irteqab (Revelation) in Sunni and Shi’ite Exegesis

Translators of the words of Wahy (revelation) have considered some vocabularies as synonymous with each other in the translation of the Qur’an. Moreover, sometimes they have applied one single meaning as equivalent for different Arabic words in the Qur’an while paying attention to the accurate meaning of the words is a way to untangle the mystery of some Quranic verses and traditions. Using pictorial translation can provide a more meaningful translation than what Sunni and Shi’ite translators have already stated in their books. The term “Irteqab” in Sunni and Shi’ite exegesis is considered as synonymous with “waiting” so its semantic delicacies are ignored. Comparing Sunni and Shi’ite exegetic theories, it is attempted in this study to delve deep into the ignored points in translation and to analyze the semantics of the term using pictorial interpretative method relying on the Qur’an and the style of the verses in the story of Naqeh Saleh (the miracle camel of Prophet Saleh) in Surah al-Qamar. In addition to maintaining conceptual structure and consistency with the concepts provided by verbal dictionaries, the pictorial interpretative method in this study represents more accurate, tangible, and practical meaning along with the Quranic divine programs for the intended words. Among Sunni and Shi’ite early commentators, Zeyd ibn Ali, Hasan ibn Abi al-Hasan, Abu Sa’iid Khudri, and most importantly Imam Ali (PBUH) have discussed the subject of “Irteqab in Surah Ad-Dukhan” more precisely

An imperialist competitive algorithm for the winner determination problem in combinatorial auction

Winner Determination problem (WDP) in combinatorial auction is an NP-complete problem. The NP-complete problems are often solved by using heuristic methods and approximation algorithms. This paper presents an imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) for solving winner determination problem. Combinatorial auction (CA) is an auction that auctioneer considers many goods for sale and the bidder bids on the bundle of items. In this type of auction, the goal is finding winning bids that maximize the auctioneer’s income under the constraint that each item can be allocated to at most one bidder. To demonstrate, the postulated algorithm is applied over various benchmark problems. The ICA offers competitive results and finds good-quality solution in compare to genetic algorithm (GA), Memetic algorithm (MA), Nash equilibrium search approach (NESA) and Tabu search

Effect of refrigerated storage on the probiotic survival and sensory properties of milk/carrot juice mix drink

Background: There is a genuine interest in the development of probiotic milk and juice based beverages because they are a good-vehicle to deliver probiotic microorganisms to consumers. For this purpose, the viability and metabolism of four probiotic strains ( Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5, Bifidobacterium lactis BB12, L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum ) were studied in non-fermented milk and carrot juice mix drink. The drinks were evaluated in 5 days interval for viable cell count, pH, acidity, sedimentation and sensory quality during refrigerated storage at 4 \ub1 2\ubaC for up to 20 days. Results: The results showed that all strains had good viability in milk/carrot juice drink (88-98%), but L. acidophilus LA5 seemed more stable than three other strains. The levels of pH and acidity were ranged 5.33-6.6 and 0.13-0.31%, respectively. The drinks inoculated with L. rhamnosus and control (non-probiotic) showed more variation in pH and acidity. The most sedimentation was detected in drinks inoculated with L. rhamnosus, reaching 3.73 mL/10 mL sample. Sensory assessment indicated lowest acceptability in control and milk/carrot juice drink inoculated with L. rhamnosus, respectively. Conclusion: This study indicated that some probiotic bacteria can be applied by food producers to produce functional drinks with an increased shelf-life

The role of T helper 9(Th9) against Infectious Diseases

Background and aims: Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites .The Th9 subset develops in response to combined signals from TGF-b and IL-4 among a cacophony of other cytokines in an extracellular milieu. T helper 9 (Th9) cells, as a novel CD4 T cell subset, seem to play a complex role in the outcome of specific immune responses. In this article, we aimed to review the role of these cells in infectious disease. Methods: In this mini-review study, we study 25 novel articles since 2009 to 2014 about the role of T helper 9 in some Infectious Diseases. Results: Pleural mesothelial cells promoted Th9 cell differentiation by presenting antigen. It significantly differentiated Th17, but not Th9 cells in the development of CVB3-induced VMC. The microenvironment of VMC seemed to contribute to the differentiation and proliferation of Th17 rather than to differentiation of Th9 cells. Having reviewed the limited number of articles considering this relevance, we came to this result that Lymphatic Filariasis and mycobacterium tuberculosis infections confirmed the existence of such relationship. In addition, Rapamycin resistant murine Th9 cells have a stable in vivo phenotype and inhibit graft-versus-host reactivity but concerning Viral Myocarditis, Th9 cells could not protect against it. Conclusion: The accurate molecular mechanisms underlying the generation and differentiation of human Th9 cells are not elucidated completely. Th9 cells exhibit Ag specific expansion in a chronic helminth infection (lymphatic filariasis), but in relevance to viral myocarditis, Th9 cells did not play an efficient role against it. However; knowing that whether Th9 cells participate in the protection against infections needs further research

Numerical study on the impulsive growth of a gaseous plug inside a cylindrical vein with compliant coating

Introduction: Employing of gaseous plugs inside a vein for preventing of blood flow to the damaged or cancerous tissues has been known as a gas embolism in the medicine. In this research, a numerical investigation has been carried out on the delivery of the liquid drug DDFP, encapsulated in the microlipidcoated spheres (MLCSs), to target the human vein for construction of the gaseous plug inside the veins. Methods: The encapsulated liquid drug DDFP were delivered to the vein by injection of an emulsion. Releasing of the liquid drug DDFP results in an explosive growth of a gaseous plug inside the vein. The targeted vein was served as a rigid cylinder with a compliant coating. The boundary integral equation method has been employed for the numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic behavior of the gaseous plug inside the vein. Results: Numerical results showed that in the case of a rigid cylinder vein with an internal compliant coating, the maximum volume of the gaseous plug was smaller than the case of just a rigid cylinder vein. Furthermore, its elapsed time from the instant of bubble generation to the instant when the bubble reaches its maximum volume was shorter. Numerical results also showed that the compliant coating on the internal wall of the rigid cylindrical vein had a tendency of reducing the impact of the explosive growth of the gaseous plug. Conclusion: This numerical research showed that the compliant coating on the internal wall of the rigid cylindrical vein had the tendency of reducing the impact of the impulsive growth of the gaseous plug. Therefore, in the case of having severed arteriosclerosis, treatment of the cancerous or damaged tissues by use of the gaseous embolism must be done very carefully in order to prevent the hazardous effects of the gaseous plug’s impulsive growth

Periorbital Ecthyma Gangrenosum Due to Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Septicemia in an Infant with Sepsis: A Case Report

Purpose: This article aimed to report an infant case of congenital neutropenia (CN) with periorbital ecthyma gangrenosum (EG) due to pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia.Case report: A previously healthy six-month-old male infant with fever, diarrhea, poor feeding, pancytopenia, periorbital swelling, and eyelid ulcers in the left eye was admitted in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). He had positive blood and eyelid wound cultures for pseudomonas aeruginosa. He was treated with broad spectrum intravenous antipseudomonal antibiotics and debridement of periorbital lesions and discharged after 18 days with a stable condition. Adequate hematologic workup for pancytopenia revealed the diagnosis of CN.Conclusion: There is a possibility that EG be developed in patients with immunodeficiency as preseptal cellulitis with isolated typical lesions, and this should be considered in the treatment

A 24-year-old Female Traumatic Patient Following a Car Accident

A healthy 24-year-old female presented at the emergency department (ED) after a car accident with ambulance while injured severely after the bus got run over her lower limb. As the trauma team was activated, her primary survey was started: Ac (Airway and cervical collar): She was awake and could talk. Cervical collar was fixed, oxygenation with face mask was started. B (Breathing): Her chest rising was symmetrical without any laceration or abrasion. Chest auscultation was clear and there was no tenderness or crepitation on palpation. No tracheal shift was found. She had normal respiratory rate and O2 saturation of 94% at ambient air. C (Circulation): Two large bore IV lines were inserted and blood samples were obtained. Her vital signs were BP = 60/40 mmHg, PR = 130/min, RR = 12. E-FAST was performed which was negative for free fluid in abdomen, pelvis and thorax, tamponade, and hemopneumothorax. Her pelvis was unstable on examination and pelvic wrapping was performed with sheath. IV fluid therapy with normal saline was started followed by 3 units of packed RBC transfusion. More pack cells and FFP were also requested. D (Disability): She had Glasgow coma scale of 15/15 with normal size and reactive pupil. No neurologic deficit was found except disability of lower extremities due to crush injury. E (Exposure): She had no midline spinal tenderness with normal sphincter anal tone, but there was a laceration in the perineum which extended to the vagina. Portable chest and pelvic x-ray as an adjutant to primary survey were performed which showed type C pelvic fracture. On her secondary survey, she had abrasion on her scalp, 1.5 cm laceration on her right tibia, deformity of her right thigh, and laceration in her genitalia with some vaginal bleeding. Direct pressure was applied and all lacerations were packed. According to negative e-FAST and pelvic fracture and shock, since the angiography was not available, it was decided to fix the pelvis with external fixator in the operation room. After the fixation, and because shock persisted, operative pelvic packing was undertaken. Unfortunately, she suffered cardiorespiratory arrest in the operating room and died

Comparative expression profile of orphan receptor tyrosine kinase ror1 in iranian patients with lymphoid and myeloid leukemias

It has recently been shown that ROR1, a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, is overexpressed in leukemic B cells of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and a subset of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). In this comparative study the expression profile of ROR1 mRNA was investigated in Iranian patients with CLL and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) and the results were compared with those previously reported in our Iranian ALL patients. RT-PCR was performed on bone marrow and/or peripheral blood samples of 84 CLL and 12 AML patients. CLL samples were classified into immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) gene mutated (n=55) and unmutated (n=29) and also indolent (n=42) and progressive (n=39) subtypes. ROR1 expression was identified in 94% of our CLL patients, but none of the AML patients expressed ROR1. No significant differences were observed between different CLL subtypes for ROR1 expression. Taken together the present data and our previous results on ROR1 expression in ALL, our findings propose ROR1 as a tumor-associated antigen overexpressed in a large proportion of lymphoid (CLL and ALL), but not myeloid (AML) leukemias. Expression of ROR1 seems to be associated to lineage and differentiation stages of leukemic cells with a potential implication for immunotherapy.Tehran University of Medical Sciences and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran.Publishe

A Post-Marketing Surveillance Study to Evaluate the Safety Profile of AlvotereⓇ (Docetaxel) in Iranian Patients Diagnosed with Different Types of Cancers Receiving Chemotherapy

Background Docetaxel is a clinically well established antimitotic chemotherapy medication. Labeled docetaxel indications are breast cancer, gastric cancer, head and neck cancer, non–small cell lung cancer, and prostate cancer. Objective This is a Phase IV study to evaluate the safety profile of docetaxel (Alvotere; NanoAlvand, Iran) in Iranian patients diagnosed with different types of cancers receiving chemotherapy regimens with docetaxel. Methods Patients who received Alvotere as a part of their chemotherapy regimen were enrolled in this Phase IV, observational, multicenter, open-label study. Alvotere was administrated as a single agent or in combination with other chemotherapy agents. Safety parameters in each cycle were assessed, and the related data were recorded in booklets. Findings A total of 411 patients with different types of cancers were enrolled from 25 centers in Iran. The most common malignancies among participants were breast cancer (49.88%), followed by gastric cancer (22.63%). Participants’ mean age was 53.33 years, and the mean total dose used in each cycle was 132 mg. According to the results, 341 patients experienced at least 1 adverse event, that the most common was alopecia (41.12%). In total, 92 (22.38%) patients had at least 1 adverse event of grade 3 or 4, and 25 (6.08%) patients showed 54 serious adverse events, which the causality assessment for all was possibly related to Alvotere. There was a significant difference between men and women in the incidence of skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (55.63% in women vs 41.73% in men; P = 0.009). Also, the incidence of gastrointestinal disorders, nervous system disorders, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders, hepatic enzymes increase, and fluid retention was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in patients receiving anthracyclines in their chemotherapy regimens. Conclusions The findings of this open-label, observational, multicenter, postmarketing surveillance showed that Alvotere appears to have an acceptable safety profile in Iranian cancer patients receiving chemotherapeutic regimens. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2022; 82:XXX–XXX) © 2022 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc