Displayed equations for Galois representations

The Galois representation associated to a p-divisible group over a complete noetherian normal local ring with perfect residue field is described in terms of its Dieudonn\'e display. As a corollary we deduce in arbitrary characteristic Kisin's description of the Galois representation associated to a commutative finite flat p-group scheme over a p-adic discrete valuation ring in terms of its Breuil-Kisin module. This was obtained earlier by W. Kim by a different method.Comment: 15 page

Yüzey Yanıt Metodolojisi Kullanılarak Sarı Karpuz Suyunun Bazı Biyoaktif, Duyusal ve Mikrobiyolojik Özelliklere Termosonikasyonun Etkisi

In this study, the application of thermosonication, which is a moderate ultrasound process, on yellow watermelon juice and targeted optimization of the process conditions was completed using the surface response method. For this purpose, yellow watermelon juice was produced and thermosonication at different temperatures (30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 °C), different times (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 min) and different amplitudes (40%, 45%, 50%, 55% and 60%) at 26 kHz frequency was applied to the samples. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total antioxidant capacity (1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC)), and color values (L*, a* and b*) were evaluated for optimization of process conditions. At the same time, the differences between pasteurized yellow watermelon juice (PW) and a control (C) of untreated yellow watermelon juice were investigated. At the end of the optimization, microbial safety and sensory properties of the yellow watermelon juice samples were evaluated. As a result of the study, the maximum optimization values for the yellow watermelon juice, with thermosonication applied, were 38.3 °C, 5.6 minutes and 50.5 amplitude. At the end of optimization, CUPRAC (0.214 mg TEAC/mL), DPPH (0.123 mg TEAC/mL), total flavonoid content (41.28 mg CE/L), and total phenolic content (104.30 mg GAE/L) were determined. Thermosonication-treated yellow watermelon juice was found to be safe in terms of microbial values and was most preferred by panelists. As a result, thermosonication technology was successfully used for yellow watermelon juice production.Bu çalışmada, ılımlı ısı ile bir ultrasound işlemi olan termosonikasyonun sarı karpuz suyuna uygulanması ve proses koşullarının yüzey yanıt metodu kullanılarak optimizasyonu hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla, sarı karpuz suyu üretilmiş ve örneklere 26 kHz frekansta, farklı sıcaklıklarda (30, 35, 40, 45 ve 50 ° C), farklı zamanlarda (2, 4, 6, 8 ve 10 dakika) ve farklı genliklerde (%40, %45, %50, %55 ve %60) termosonikasyon işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplam fenolik madde (TPC), toplam flavonoid madde (TFC), toplam antioksidan kapasite (1,1-difenil -2- pikrilhidrazil (DPPH), kuprik iyon indirgeme antioksidan kapasite (CUPRAC)) ve renk değerleri (L *, a * ve b *) proses koşullarının optimizasyonu için değerlendirilmiştir. Aynı zamanda, pastörize sarı karpuz suyu (PW) ile işlenmemiş sarı karpuz suyu (C) arasındaki farklar incelenmiştir. Optimizasyonun sonunda, sarı karpuz suyu örneklerinin mikrobiyal güvenliği ve duyusal özellikleri değerlendirildi. Çalışma sonucunda, sarı karpuz suyu için termosonikasyon uygulanmış maksimum optimizasyon değerleri 38,3 ° C, 5,6 dakika ve 50,5 amplitüde olmuştur. Optimizasyonun sonunda, CUPRAC (0,214 mg TEAC/mL), DPPH (0,123 mg TEAC/mL), toplam flavonoid madde (41,28 mg CE/L) ve toplam fenolik madde (104,30 mg GAE/L) olarak belirlendi. Termosonikasyonla işlem görmüş sarı karpuz suyunun mikrobiyal değerler açısından güvenli olduğu bulundu ve panelistler tarafından en çok tercih edildiği tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, sarı karpuz suyu üretiminde termosonikasyon teknolojisi başarıyla kullanılmıştır

Sensory, physicochemical, microbiological and bioactive properties of red watermelon juice and yellow watermelon juice after ultrasound treatment

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is important in the fruit juice industry. The aim of this study was to determine the pH, titratable acidity, Brix, color properties, lycopene, ascorbic acid, total phenolic concentration, total flavonoid concentration, antioxidant activity, hydroxy methyl furfural, sensory properties and microbial safety after ultrasound treatments (4, 8, 12 and 16 min) and the pasteurization process in red watermelon juice and yellow watermelon juice. Red watermelon juice and yellow watermelon juice samples showed no statistically significant change in Brix and titratable acidity values at the end of the treatments (p > 0.05). Improvements in lycopene, phenolic concentration, flavonoid concentration and antioxidant capacity of fresh fruit juice samples was determined with US16 (sonication for 16 min). However, ultrasound treatments led to reductions in the concentration of ascorbic acid compared to fresh juice samples. The concentration of lycopene in both fruit juice samples was found to have a negative correlation with the HMF (hydroxymethyl-furfural) concentration. Due to the current findings presented in this study, ultrasound treatments applied to fruit juices were found to be generally microbiologically safe. A better understanding of the improvement in bioactive components, provision of microbial safety and increased consumer appreciation linked to ultrasound treatment of red watermelon juice and yellow watermelon juice was provided. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Investigation of the effects of non-thermal, combined and thermal treatments on the physicochemical parameters of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Juice

The aim of this study is to investigate the change in microbiological, physicochemical and sensory properties of freshly-squeezed pomegranate juice using ultrasound and/or natamycin as an alternative to pasteurization. Samples were pasteurized (80 ?, 2 min), sonicated (60 % amplitude, 26 KHz, 80 W, 5 min), treated with natamycin (12.5 ppm) and stored at 4 ? for one month. Pasteurized pomegranate juice was not significantly changed in terms of pH, Brix, titratable acidity and total phenolic (?g gallic acid equivalent. mL_1) values compared to the treated samples (p > 0.05). During storage, ultrasound-processed pomegranate juice retained more than 90 % total monomeric anthocyanins. Microbial values showed a reduction in load at a level acceptable for the general quality parameters. In the sensory analysis, the general evaluation was accepted as ultrasound and/or natamycin. This study emphasizes the potential application of ultrasound and/ or natamycin to increase the functional value of pomegranate juice. Copyright © 2019, Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology

Psychological vulnerability, resilience, and subjective well-being: The mediating role of hope

The present study examined the mediating role of hope on the association between psychological vulnerability, resilience, and subjective well-being. Participants include 332 undergraduates (195 females and 137 males) from two universities in Turkey. Data were collected using the Psychological Vulnerability Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, the Dispositional Hope Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Structural equation modeling results indicated that hope fully mediated the impact of resilience on subjective well-being and that hope partially mediated the impact of psychological vulnerability on subjective well-being. Moreover, bootstrapping procedure revealed significant links from psychological vulnerability and resilience to subjective well-being through hope. Alternative models indicated mixed support for the variable ordering in the structural model. These findings contribute to the complex nature of the relationship between psychological factors and subjective well-being. The possible explanations and limitations are discusse

Near-field radiation from nano-particles and nano-antennas illuminated with a focused beam of light

The interaction of photons with metallic nanoparticles and nanoantennas yields large enhancement and tight localization of electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of nanoparticles. In the first part of this study, the interaction of a spherical nanoparticle with focused beams of various angular spectra is investigated. This study demonstrates that the focused light can be utilized to manipulate the near-field radiation around nanoparticles. In the second part of this study, the interaction between linearly and radially polarized focused light with prolate spheroidal nanoparticles and nano-antennas is investigated. Strong and tightly localized longitudinal components of a radially polarized focused beam can excite strong plasmon modes on elongated nanoparticles such as prolate spheroids. The effect of a focused beam on parameters such as the numerical aperture of a beam and the wavelength of incident light, as well as particle geometry and composition are also studied

Geospatial Analysis and Modeling of Textual Descriptions of Pre-modern Geography

Textual descriptions of pre-modern geography offer a different view of classical geography. The descriptions have been produced when none of the modern geographical concepts and tools were available. In this dissertation, we study pre-modern geography by primarily finding the existing structures of the descriptions and different cases of geographical data. We first explain four major geographical cases in pre-modern Arabic sources: gazetteer, administrative hierarchies, routes, and toponyms associated with people. Focusing on hierarchical divisions and routes, we offer approaches for manual annotation of administrative hierarchies and route sections as well as a semi-automated toponyms annotation. The latter starts with a fuzzy search of toponyms from an authority list and applies two different extrapolation models to infer true or false values, based on the context, for disambiguating the automatically annotated toponyms. Having the annotated data, we introduce mathematical models to shape and visualize regions based on the description of administrative hierarchies. Moreover, we offer models for comparing hierarchical divisions and route networks from different sources. We also suggest approaches to approximate geographical coordinates for places that do not have geographical coordinates - we call them unknown places - which is a major issue in visualization of pre-modern places on map. The final chapter of the dissertation introduces the new version of al-Ṯurayyā, a gazetteer and a spatial model of the classical Islamic world using georeferenced data of a pre-modern atlas with more than 2, 000 toponyms and routes. It offers search, path finding, and flood network functionalities as well as visualizations of regions using one of the models that we describe for regions. However the gazetteer is designed using the classical Islamic world data, the spatial model and features can be used for similarly prepared datasets.:1 Introduction 1 2 Related Work 8 2.1 GIS 8 2.2 NLP, Georeferencing, Geoparsing, Annotation 10 2.3 Gazetteer 15 2.4 Modeling 17 3 Classical Geographical Cases 20 3.1 Gazetteer 21 3.2 Routes and Travelogues 22 3.3 Administrative Hierarchy 24 3.4 Geographical Aspects of Biographical Data 25 4 Annotation and Extraction 27 4.1 Annotation 29 4.1.1 Manual Annotation of Geographical Texts 29 4.1.1.1 Administrative Hierarchy 30 4.1.1.2 Routes and Travelogues 32 4.1.2 Semi-Automatic Toponym Annotation 34 4.1.2.1 The Annotation Process 35 4.1.2.2 Extrapolation Models 37 4.1.2.2.1 Frequency of Toponymic N-grams 37 4.1.2.2.2 Co-occurrence Frequencies 38 4.1.2.2.3 A Supervised ML Approach 40 4.1.2.3 Summary 45 4.2 Data Extraction and Structures 45 4.2.1 Administrative Hierarchy 45 4.2.2 Routes and Distances 49 5 Modeling Geographical Data 51 5.1 Mathematical Models for Administrative Hierarchies 52 5.1.1 Sample Data 53 5.1.2 Quadtree 56 5.1.3 Voronoi Diagram 58 5.1.4 Voronoi Clippings 62 5.1.4.1 Convex Hull 62 5.1.4.2 Concave Hull 63 5.1.5 Convex Hulls 65 5.1.6 Concave Hulls 67 5.1.7 Route Network 69 5.1.8 Summary of Models for Administrative Hierarchy 69 5.2 Comparison Models 71 5.2.1 Hierarchical Data 71 5.2.1.1 Test Data 73 5.2.2 Route Networks 76 5.2.2.1 Post-processing 81 5.2.2.2 Applications 82 5.3 Unknown Places 84 6 Al-Ṯurayyā 89 6.1 Introducing al-Ṯurayyā 90 6.2 Gazetteer 90 6.3 Spatial Model 91 6.3.1 Provinces and Administrative Divisions 93 6.3.2 Pathfinding and Itineraries 93 6.3.3 Flood Network 96 6.3.4 Path Alignment Tool 97 6.3.5 Data Structure 99 6.3.5.1 Places 100 6.3.5.2 Routes and Distances 100 7 Conclusions and Further Work 10