971 research outputs found
Assessing academic writing on a pre-sessional EAP course: Designing assessment which supports learning
Pre-sessional EAP courses in the UK fulfil a difficult dual role. Not only are they charged with helping students learn the academic language and literacy skills they will require on their degree courses, but they are also expected to summatively assess those skills in order to decide on the readiness of students to begin English medium degree study. This creates tension between assessment and learning. Students are often extrinsically motivated by the need for a passing grade rather than focussing on the learning gains they make throughout the course. For this reason it is important that the approach to assessment on pre-sessional courses actually supports learning. This paper outlines the approach taken to the assessment of academic writing on the PEAP course at Nottingham Trent University. It describes how the assessment was redesigned to emphasise process over end product and to maximise early and sustained student engagement. This was achieved by careful scaffolding of the writing process, the strategic use of summative elements of the assessment, and an emphasis on formative feedback,
reflection, and understanding of the assessment criteria. The paper considers how this approach to assessment is supporting student learning but also points out some ongoing concerns
Design of Photonic Crystal Klystrons
2D Photonic crystals (PC) with defects can act as standing-wave resonators, which offer benefit of high mode selectivity for building novel RF sources. We introduce our work on designing two-cavity single-beam and multi-beam klystrons using triangular lattice metallic PCs. We present the cold test results of the stub-coupled single-beam structure, which show that at resonance a very low reflection can be obtained, and the waves are well confined. We also present bead-pull measurement results of field strengths in the defect, using modified perturbation equation for small unit dielectric cylinder, which are in very good agreement to numerical results. A 6-beam klystron cavity is designed as a 6-coupled-defect structure with a central stub, which only couples to the in-phase mode at the lowest frequency. Finally, we present a feasibility discussion of using this multi-defect PC structure to construct an integrated klystron-accelerator cavity, along with numerical results showing a peak acceleration field of 22MV/m can be achieved
Dispersion Engineering and Disorder in Photonic Crystals for Accelerator Applications
The possibility of achieving higher accelerating
gradients at higher frequencies with the reduction of the
effect of HOMs, compared to conventional accelerating
structures, is increasing interest in the possible use of
Photonic Crystals (PC) for accelerator applications. In
this paper we analyze how the properties of the lattice of a
PC resonator can be engineered to give a specific band
structure, and how by tailoring the properties of the lattice
specific EM modes can either be confined or moved into
the propagation band of the PC. We further go on to
discuss the role of disorder in achieving mode
confinement and how this can be used to optimize both
the Q and the accelerating gradient of a PC based
accelerating structure. We also examine the use of high
disorder to give rise to Anderson Localization, which
gives rise to exponential localization of an EM mode.
Discussing the difference between the extended Bloch
wave, which extends over the entire PC, and the Anderson
localized mode
Giant thermoemf in multiterminal superconductor/normal metal mesoscopic structures
We considered a mesoscopic superconductor/normal metal (S/N) structure in
which the N reservoirs are maintained at different temperatures. It is shown
that in the absence of current between the N reservoirs a voltage difference
arises between the superconducting and normal conductors. The voltage
oscillates with increasing phase difference between the
superconductors, and its magnitude does not depend on the small parameter
Comment: Resubmited, some changes to Text and Figure
Compact Accelerator Based Neutron Source for Technetium-99M Production
The radioisotope Technetium-99m (99m Tc) is used in 85% of all nuclear medicine procedures. 99mTc is produced from its precursor Molybdenum-99 (99 Mo), whose production is nearly all from one of only five ageing research reactors. Recently a number of accelerator-based methods have been proposed to fill this gap and to diversify this supply chain. In this paper we present a compact (4 m) 10 mA, 3.5 MeV accelerator design, to generate 99Mo via low-energy neutron bombardment of 98Mo. We consider a Li(p,n) target for neutron production, and propose the use of a novel moderator to optimally shift the target output neutron spectrum into the epithermal region of the 98Mo. This paper specifically focuses on numerical studies for an optimised target design capable of handling the thermal load
Effect of Thermal and Mechanical Deformation of Metamaterial FDM Components
At Lancaster University, research is currently investigating the use of rapid manufacturing (RM) to realise metamaterials, although key to the success of this project is the development of an understanding of how coated RM parts deform under thermal and mechanical stress. The research in this paper presents a comparison of the thermal and mechanical deformation behaviour of RM coated metamaterials components from a numerical context. The research uses the design of a simple metamaterial unit cell as a test model for both the experimental and finite element method (FEM). The investigation of deformation behaviour of sample Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) parts manufactured in different orientations and simulated using commercial FEM code means that the FEM analysis can be utilized for design verification of FDM parts. This research contributes to further research into the development of RM metamaterials, specifically design analysis and verification tools for RM materials
3D Simulation of the Effects of Surface Defects on Field Emitted Electrons
The ever-growing demand for higher beam energies has dramatically increased the risk of RF breakdown, limiting the maximum achievable accelerating gradient. Field emission is the most frequently encountered RF breakdown where it occurs at regions of locally enhanced electric field. Electrons accelerated across the cavity as they tunnel through the surface in the presence of microscopic defects. Upon Impact, most of the kinetic energy is converted into heat and stress. This can inflict irreversible damage to the surface, creating additional field emission sites. This work aims to investigate, through simulation, the physics involved during both emission and impact of electrons. A newly developed 3D field model of an 805 MHz cavity is generated by COMSOL Multiphysics. Electron tracking is performed using a Matlab based code, calculating the relevant parameters needed by employing fourth Order Runge Kutta integration. By studying such behaviours in 3D, it is possible to identify how the cavity surface can alter the local RF field and lead to breakdown and subsequent damages. The ultimate aim is to introduce new surface standards to ensure better cavity performance
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