10 research outputs found
Maternal age effects of aspidotus nerii bouche bouche (hemiptera: Diaspididae) on potato
Aspidiotus nerii Bouché (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is an excellent host for rearing biological control agents for the control of scale insects. In this study, we investigated the maternal effect on the reproduction and development of A. nerii crawlers transfeffed to separate clean potato tubers at the Pt, 15th and 3O days. After the crawlers settled, each potato was divided into 4 cm2 cells surface area surrounded by 'stickem special' to prevent their escape. When all crawlers in the cell became adults, one female and all the males were left in the cells, and the rest of the females were removed. Experiments were done at 25°C, 16:8 hours and 65% relative humidity in a climate chamber. Cells were observed daily and crawlers were removed after counting. Variance analysis and Tukey's multiple range tests were applied for statistical analysis. Life table parameters were also calculated. Intrinsic rate of increase (rm), net reproductive rate (R0), and mean generation time (T0) were 0.073, 0.072 and 0.034 females/female/day, 83.42, 27.95 and 5.47 females/female, 60.56, 46.11 and 49.56 days, respectively. The total crawler numbers were the itt, 15th and 3O days age females were 208.57, 81.32 and 20.07 crawlers, respectively. These results clearly show that age does have a significant effect on crawler of females A. nerii
Ferryl intermediates of catalase captured by time-resolved Weissenberg crystallography and UV-VIS spectroscopy
Skim latex serum as an alternative nutrition for microbial growth
Malaysia is one of the biggest producers of natural rubber. The fresh
latex, tapped from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), known as field latex, is a
cloudy white and viscous liquid containing rubber fraction and non-rubber components.
As a basic raw material in rubber processing, fresh field latex undergoes a
series of procedures during its conversion to either dry rubber, or high concentrated
latex. To prepare high concentrated latex, ammonia is usually added to the field
latex upon reaching the factories to prevent coagulation. Ammoniated latex will
then undergo centrifugation which yield high concentrated latex and a by-product
named ‘skim latex’. Skim latex is considered as low value by-product and usually
discarded as waste effluent. However, it must be first treated in the oxidation treatment
pond, before the clearer water can be released into the main waterways. In
Malaysia, the discharged water must meet the strict requirements of MS ISO/IEC
17025:2005. Eventually, the rubber manufacturers have to spend a lot of money for
waste management and effluent treatment of skim latex. Therefore, utilization of
this wasteful skim latex is one of the economic saving measures and may minimize
the environmental problems. This chapter aims at delibrating the use of the serum
of skim latex as an alternative nutrition for culturing microorganism. As a model
microorganism, this study has selected to use Bacillus lichenformis (ATCC 12759).
Skim latex serum was used as the basal media, supplemented by some selected
medium composition (lactose, galactose, casein, KH2PO4, MgSO4 and LB broth)
for the production of extracellular protease. At the end of the study, it was demonstrated
that skim latex serum is able to fulfill a criteria as an efficient culture media
due to its abundance, low cost, stable in quality and having a stimulatory effect on
bacterial growth. Therefore, valorization of this wasteful skim latex into protease
enzyme is hoped to be an introduction for further inventions relating to processes
suitable for microbial culturing
Diagnostic Usefulness of Carbohydrate Antigen-125 in Cancerous and Noncancerous Peritoneal Effusions
Recent Advances on Drug Analyses Using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatographic Techniques and their Application to the Biological Samples
Mortality from esophagectomy for esophageal cancer across low, middle, and high-income countries: An international cohort study.
BACKGROUND
No evidence currently exists characterising global outcomes following major cancer surgery, including esophageal cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to characterise impact of high income countries (HIC) versus low and middle income countries (LMIC) on the outcomes following esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.
METHOD
This international multi-center prospective study across 137 hospitals in 41 countries included patients who underwent an esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, with 90-day follow-up. The main explanatory variable was country income, defined according to the World Bank Data classification. The primary outcome was 90-day postoperative mortality, and secondary outcomes were composite leaks (anastomotic leak or conduit necrosis) and major complications (Clavien-Dindo Grade III - V). Multivariable generalized estimating equation models were used to produce adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS
Between April 2018 to December 2018, 2247 patients were included. Patients from HIC were more significantly older, with higher ASA grade, and more advanced tumors. Patients from LMIC had almost three-fold increase in 90-day mortality, compared to HIC (9.4% vs 3.7%, p < 0.001). On adjusted analysis, LMIC were independently associated with higher 90-day mortality (OR: 2.31, CI: 1.17-4.55, p = 0.015). However, LMIC were not independently associated with higher rates of anastomotic leaks (OR: 1.06, CI: 0.57-1.99, p = 0.9) or major complications (OR: 0.85, CI: 0.54-1.32, p = 0.5), compared to HIC.
CONCLUSION
Resections in LMIC were independently associated with higher 90-day postoperative mortality, likely reflecting a failure to rescue of these patients following esophagectomy, despite similar composite anastomotic leaks and major complication rates to HIC. These findings warrant further research, to identify potential issues and solutions to improve global outcomes following esophagectomy for cancer