Constructing a justice model based on Sen's capability approach

The thesis provides a possible justice model based on Sen's capability approach. For this goal, we first analyze the general structure of a theory of justice, identifying the main variables and issues. Furthermore, based on Sen (2006) and Kolm (1998), we look at 'transcendental' and 'comparative' approaches to justice and concentrate on the sufficiency condition for the comparative approach. Then, taking Rawls' theory of justice as a starting point, we present how Sen's capability approach emerges as a justice model in light of its criticisms against Rawls. Analyzing the capability approach, we show that it satisfies the sufficiency condition of the comparative approach to a theory of justice. Building on the relation between freedom and equality as determined by the capability approach, and taking diversity in human condition as a key element, we construct a formal justice model. The justice model gives lexicographic priority to basic capabilities, existence of which are considered as a precondition for other potential functionings to develop. Then social states are ranked by lexicographically comparing their common and aggregate capability sets, where the first is defined as the intersection and the second as the union of the capability sets of the members of the society. We argue that giving priority to the common capability set captures the egalitarian aspect of the capability approach, while subsequently focusing on the aggregate capability set reflects its emphasis on freedom. Moreover, we adopt a cardinality method for ranking individual capability sets

Diagnosis of comorbid migraine without aura in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy based on the gray zone approach to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 criteria

BackgroundMigraine without aura (MwoA) is a very frequent and remarkable comorbidity in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy (I/GE). Frequently in clinical practice, diagnosis of MwoA may be challenging despite the guidance of current diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 (ICHD-3). In this study, we aimed to disclose the diagnostic gaps in the diagnosis of comorbid MwoA, using a zone concept, in patients with I/GEs with headaches who were diagnosed by an experienced headache expert.MethodsIn this multicenter study including 809 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of I/GE with or without headache, 163 patients who were diagnosed by an experienced headache expert as having a comorbid MwoA were reevaluated. Eligible patients were divided into three subgroups, namely, full diagnosis, zone I, and zone II according to their status of fulfilling the ICHD-3 criteria. A Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was performed to bring out the meaningful predictors when evaluating patients with I/GEs for MwoA comorbidity, using the variables that were significant in the univariate analysis.ResultsLonger headache duration (<4 h) followed by throbbing pain, higher visual analog scale (VAS) scores, increase of pain by physical activity, nausea/vomiting, and photophobia and/or phonophobia are the main distinguishing clinical characteristics of comorbid MwoA in patients with I/GE, for being classified in the full diagnosis group. Despite being not a part of the main ICHD-3 criteria, the presence of associated symptoms mainly osmophobia and also vertigo/dizziness had the distinguishing capability of being classified into zone subgroups. The most common epilepsy syndromes fulfilling full diagnosis criteria (n = 62) in the CART analysis were 48.39% Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy followed by 25.81% epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone.ConclusionLonger headache duration, throbbing pain, increase of pain by physical activity, photophobia and/or phonophobia, presence of vertigo/dizziness, osmophobia, and higher VAS scores are the main supportive associated factors when applying the ICHD-3 criteria for the comorbid MwoA diagnosis in patients with I/GEs. Evaluating these characteristics could be helpful to close the diagnostic gaps in everyday clinical practice and fasten the diagnostic process of comorbid MwoA in patients with I/GEs

Examination of life science textbooks according to the key competenci̇es in Turkey competenci̇es framework

Bu çalışmada Hayat Bilgisi ders kitaplarının Türkiye yeterlilikler çerçevesinde yer alan anahtar yetkinlikler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda 'Anadilde iletişim', 'Yabancı dillerde iletişim', 'Matematiksel yetkinlik ve bilim/teknolojide temel yetkinlikler', 'Dijital yetkinlik', 'Öğrenmeyi öğrenme', Sosyal ve vatandaşlıkla ilgili yetkinlikler', 'İnsiyatif alma ve girişimcilik', 'Kültürel farkındalık ve ifade' olmak üzere toplam 8 anahtar yetkinlik sınıf ve ünitelere göre taranarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma nitel araştırma modeli kapsamında durum çalışması yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada kolay ulaşılabilir durum örnekleme yöntemi ile 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında ilkokullarda okutulmakta olan Talim Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı tarafından onaylanmış ve 1., 2. ve 3. sınıf hayat bilgisi ders kitapları anahtar yetkinlikler açısından taranmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre tüm sınıflar bazında en fazla üçüncü sınıf hayat bilgisi ders kitabında 'Sosyal ve vatandaşlıkla ilgili yetkinlikler'e yer verildiği görülmüştür. Yine 'Anadilde iletişim' ve 'Matematiksel yetkinlik ve bilim/ teknolojide temel yetkinlikler'e tüm sınıf düzeylerinde yüksek oranda yer verildiği görülmüştür. Buna karşın 'Yabancı dillerde iletişim' ve 'Dijital yetkinlikler'e ise tüm sınıf düzeylerindeki kitaplarda düşük oranda yer verilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına dayalı olarak Hayat Bilgisi dersi öğretim programlarının hazırlayıcılarına, öğretmenlerine ve araştırmacılara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Hayat Bilgisi, Ders Kitabı, Anahtar Yetkinlik, Nitel Araştırma.In this study, the Life Science textbook is intended to be examined in terms of key competencies within the framework of Turkey's key qualifications.. In this context, total of 8 key competencies like "Communication in mother tongue", "Communication in foreign languages", "Mathematical competence and basic competencies in science / technology", "Digital competence", "Learning to learn", "Social and citizenship related competencies", "Taking initiative and entrepreneurship", " cultural awareness and expression" were serached and examined. The research was conducted with the case study method within the scope of qualitative research model. The study was carried out by using easily accessible case sampling method. In the 2018-2019 academic year, 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade life science textbooks which were approved by the Board of Education and is being taught in primary schools were searched for key competencies. According to the findings of the study, it was observed that "social and citizenship-related competencies" mostly take place in the third year sciences of life books on all classes basis. It was also observed that "Communication in mother tongue" and "Mathematical competence and basic competences in science / technology" were given a high rate at all grade levels. On the other hand, "Communication in foreign languages" and "Digital competencies" are low in all classroom levels. Based on the findings of the research, suggestions were made to the preparers, teachers and researchers of the Life Science curriculum. Key Words: Life Science, Textbook, Key Competence, Qualitative Research Page

Geometrik design of double woven fabrics

Dokuma kumaşlar; çözgü ve atkı iplikleri olarak adlandırılan birbirine dik iki iplik sisteminin, belirli bir düzende bağlantı yapması ile oluşan, dokunmuş yapılardır. Birbirine dik konumda bir grup çözgü ve bir grup atkı iplik sistemlerinin birim örgü raporu dahilinde birbiriyle bağlantı yapması ile çift katlı, bu bağlantı üç grup iplik sistemi arasında olmuşsa üç katlı, çok grup iplik sistemleri arasında olmuşsa çok katlı dokuma kumaş yapışım oluştururlar. Bu istekten yola çıkarak çift katlı dokuma kumaş geometrisi hakkında yapılan literatür araştırmasında konu ile ilgili kaynağa rastlanılmamıştır. Peirce'in ve Nowikow'un kumaş modellerinin incelenmesi ve bunların çift katlı dokuma kumaş yapılan içinde kaynak olarak kullanılması uygun görülmüş ve bu kaynaklardan yararlanılarak çift katlı kumaş geometrisi için kullanılabilecek kumaş modelleri geliştirilmiştir.Woven tabric is a wowen structure which is formed by interlacing at a certain order two perpendicular yarn systems which are called warp and weft. If a fabric is farmed by two series at warp and weft yarn systems it is called double waven fabric, if it happens by three series of warp and weft yarn systems it is called triple woven fabric and many series of warp and weft yarn systems form multi lauyer woven fabric. One of the basic objectives in analysing fabric geomatry is to find out the relationship between fabric density and weaving performance and quality. When a survey was conducted on the geometry of the double woven fabrics, noliterature was found. It was therefore, found convenient to analyse Peirce's and Nowikow's fabric models and based on these wowen fabric models, models were developed for double woven fabric geometry

London and Berlin trips and impressions of Turkish journalists in the Second World

İkinci Dünya Savaşı başlangıcı, gelişimi ve sonuçları itibariyle birçok ülkeyi olduğu kadar Türkiye’yi de etkilemiştir. Muharip etkileri olmasa da özellikle dış politikasına yön veren birçok unsur, savaşın bu etkilerinden özellikle nasibini almıştır. Bu çerçevede savaş dönemi basını, bu etkilere yön veren bir propaganda aracı olarak öne çıkmıştır. Bir başka ifadeyle denge politikasıyla savaş dışı tutumunu kararlılıkla sürdüren ve muharip devletlerle ilişkilerine devam eden Türkiye, basını denetimli bir şekilde iç ve dış politikasında etkin şekilde kullanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda savaş dönemi Türk basınının önde gelen kalemleri, İngiltere ve Almanya’ya davetle ya da seçilerek geziler yapmışlardır. Türkiye’nin gerek savaşın başlangıcı ve gelişiminde tutumunu etkilemek gerekse muharip lider devletlerin propaganda hedefleri doğrultusunda olduğu anlaşılan bu seyahatleri incelemek önemlidir. Bu makalede öncelikle savaş öncesi Türk basınının genel durumu, telif ve tetkik eserlerden istifade edilerek tanıtılmıştır. Daha sonra savaş öncesi Londra, Batı Cephesi günlerinde yeniden Londra, 1942 Berlin ve 1942 Londra gezileri, dönemin basını ve sonraki yıllarda hatıratlara yansıyan bilgiler ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada Türk gazetecilerin 1939 ve 1942 yılları arasında yaptıkları Londra ve Berlin gezileri hakkında bütünsel bir bakış ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Gezilere katılan gazetecilerin görüş ve izlenimleri, İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Türkiye’nin muharip devletlerle olan ilişkilerinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sunacaktır.Second World War also affected Turkey as many other countries in terms of its beginning, development and results. Although it didn’t have combative effects, many factors that direct the country's foreign policy have been particularly affected by these effects of the war. In this context, the wartime press came to the fore as a propaganda tool that directed these effects. In other words, Turkey, who resolutely showed a non-combat stance with a balance policy and maintained relations with belligerent states, used the press in a controlled manner in the domestic and foreign policy effectively. In this direction, leading figures of the Turkish press during the war made trips to England and Germany by invitation or by election. It is important to examine these trips because it is understood that their goal was to influence the attitudes of Turkey in the beginning and development of the war by using them as propaganda tools of belligerent states. In this article, first of all, the general situation of the Turkish press before the war was introduced by using copyright studies. Then, the pre-war London trips to London, 1942 Berlin and 1942 London again on the days of the Western Front were evaluated in the light of the press of the period and the information reflected in the memoirs in the following years. In addition, in the study, a holistic view of the London and Berlin trips of Turkish journalists between 1939 and 1942 was tried to be presented. The opinions and impressions of the journalists who participated in these trips will contribute to a better understanding of the relations between Turkey and belligerent states in the Second World War

Correlation Between Scapular Dyskinesis Test and Lateral Scapular Slide Test in Scapular Assessment

OBJECTIVES: Alterations of the normal position or any abnormal motion of the scapula during active motions of shoulder is termed Scapular Dyskinesis (SD). SD is quite common in overhead athletes with or without shoulder pain. In addition to overhead athletes, SD has also been identified in healthy, asymptomatic individuals. Although there are several proposed methods to identify SD, there are two common methods used in clinical practice; as Lateral Scapular Slide Test (LSST) and Scapular Dyskinesis Test (SDT). SDT was developed as a dynamic functional test after the development of LSST which is a static measurement. SDT has also relatively higher reliability than LSST. In the 2013 consensus statement from ‘scapular summit’, SDT was recommended as a simple and reliable method for scapular assessment because of being a dynamic functional assessment method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of these two observational tests in asymptomatic population METHODS: Eighty-three healthy participants (mean age 21.74±2.3 years, 166 arms, 32 Female-51 Male) were recruited. Participants were eligible if they were ≥18 years of age, having active full shoulder motion, and who have no health problem to hinder them from participate. Individuals with symptoms produced by cervical spine motion, impingement syndrome, frozen shoulder, shoulder instability and a history of shoulder fracture/surgery were excluded. All participants performed SDT and LSST in a random order. Pearson's chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: SDT detected SD in 44 participants (53%), LSST detected SD in 30 participants (36%). 20 participants (24%) determined as having SD in both tests. There was a moderate significant correlation between SDT and LSST (p=0.000, Pearson Chi-Square value=32.856, Phi=0.445). CONCLUSION: SDT and LSST have moderate correlation in identifying SD. In recent years, it is suggested that scapula shouldn’t be assessed in static positions/postures. Although both SDT and LSST show the presence of SD, they don’t evaluate SD in the same way because of the fact that LSST is a static assessment method whereas SDT is a dynamic method. Furthermore, SDT has higher reliability rather than other static assessment methods. Moderate correlation between these two tests may not always provide compatible outcome. For these reasons, we don’t recommend the use of LSST solely or instead of SDT in examination of SD. LSST’s complementary role in determination of SD with other assessment methods is arguable due to reliability issues. Optimal observational assessment algorithm in determination of SD should be investigated in future studies

Correlation Between Scapular Dyskinesis Test and Lateral Scapular Slide Test in Scapular Assessment

OBJECTIVES: Alterations of the normal position or any abnormal motion of the scapula during active motions of shoulder is termed Scapular Dyskinesis (SD). SD is quite common in overhead athletes with or without shoulder pain. In addition to overhead athletes, SD has also been identified in healthy, asymptomatic individuals. Although there are several proposed methods to identify SD, there are two common methods used in clinical practice; as Lateral Scapular Slide Test (LSST) and Scapular Dyskinesis Test (SDT). SDT was developed as a dynamic functional test after the development of LSST which is a static measurement. SDT has also relatively higher reliability than LSST. In the 2013 consensus statement from ‘scapular summit’, SDT was recommended as a simple and reliable method for scapular assessment because of being a dynamic functional assessment method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of these two observational tests in asymptomatic population METHODS: Eighty-three healthy participants (mean age 21.74±2.3 years, 166 arms, 32 Female-51 Male) were recruited. Participants were eligible if they were ≥18 years of age, having active full shoulder motion, and who have no health problem to hinder them from participate. Individuals with symptoms produced by cervical spine motion, impingement syndrome, frozen shoulder, shoulder instability and a history of shoulder fracture/surgery were excluded. All participants performed SDT and LSST in a random order. Pearson's chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: SDT detected SD in 44 participants (53%), LSST detected SD in 30 participants (36%). 20 participants (24%) determined as having SD in both tests. There was a moderate significant correlation between SDT and LSST (p=0.000, Pearson Chi-Square value=32.856, Phi=0.445). CONCLUSION: SDT and LSST have moderate correlation in identifying SD. In recent years, it is suggested that scapula shouldn’t be assessed in static positions/postures. Although both SDT and LSST show the presence of SD, they don’t evaluate SD in the same way because of the fact that LSST is a static assessment method whereas SDT is a dynamic method. Furthermore, SDT has higher reliability rather than other static assessment methods. Moderate correlation between these two tests may not always provide compatible outcome. For these reasons, we don’t recommend the use of LSST solely or instead of SDT in examination of SD. LSST’s complementary role in determination of SD with other assessment methods is arguable due to reliability issues. Optimal observational assessment algorithm in determination of SD should be investigated in future studies