Effects of Propolis on Selected Blood Indicators and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Broilers under Heat Stress

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) and vitamin C on biochemical indicators and antioxidant enzyme activities of broilers exposed to heat stress (at 34 °C). The experimental groups were as follows: group I (positive control) and group II (control) were fed a basal diet, group III (vitamin C) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 250 mg vitamin C as ascorbic acid/kg, group IV (EEP-0.5) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.5 g EEP/kg, group V (EEP-1) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1 g EEP/kg, group VI (EEP-3) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 3 g EEP/kg. Plasma superoxide dismutase levels of positive control, control, vitamin C, EEP-0.5, EEP-1 and EEP-3 groups were found as 0.34, 1.23, 0.50, 0.90, 0.30 and 0.41 μkat/ml, respectively (p p p < 0.05), whereas those of muscle and heart were similar in all groups. The results of the present study suggest that EEP and specially EEP at the supplemented dose of 3 mg/kg diet might be considered to prevent oxidative stress in the broilers exposed to heat stress

Impact of dietary calcium tetraborate supplementation on the mineral content of egg and eggshell of laying quails

Boron (B) is a trace element that plays an important role in the mineral, cell membrane, hormone, and enzyme metabolism of animals and humans. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dietary calcium tetraborate (CaB4O7) supplementation on the mineral composition of egg content and eggshell of laying quails. For this purpose, a total of 20 male and 40 female quails, 6-week-old, were equally divided into 2 groups (control and additive groups) in 5 replicates (6 birds/replicate) and given CaB4O7 300 mg/kg feed in additive group. The experiment was conducted for 56 days. The eggs were collected and the mineral composition [B, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), potassium (K), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn)] of egg content and eggshell samples were determined at the end of the experiment in randomly collected 6 eggs per group. Results of this study indicated dietary supplementation of CaB4O7 increased Mg (P&lt;0.01), Na (P&lt;0.01), and K (P&lt;0.05) contents of edible parts of eggs compared to the control group, but B concentration were not determined in edible parts of eggs in both groups. Moreover, B (P&lt;0.01), Mg (P&lt;0.01), Na (P&lt;0.01), Fe (P&lt;0.01), K (P&lt;0.05), Cu (P&lt;0.05) and Zn (P&lt;0.01) of eggshell were higher in the additive group than control. There were also significant correlations between examined minerals both edible and eggshell parts of the eggs. It may be concluded that supplementing diets with CaB4O7 could improve Ca metabolism, producing eggs enriched in minerals, promoting B, Mg, Na, Fe, K, Cu, and Zn deposition in eggshells, and improving eggshells quality. The effective B supplementation doses for functional egg production could be determined and B could be advantageous in terms of beneficial physiological effects

Effect of staining and bleaching on the microhardness, surface roughness and color of different composite resins

Background. There are studies that examined the effect of staining on the surface properties of composite resins, using different solutions and bleaching applications. However, the effect of both staining and bleaching on the same composite specimens is an issue that needs to be investigated. Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the surface microhardness, roughness and color changes (Delta E) of 2 different composite resins after staining and bleaching. Material and methods. A microhybrid and a nanohybrid composite were used in the study. One hundred and fifty specimens were prepared from each composite. The specimens were divided into 5 groups and stained for 30 days with tea, coffee, cola, red wine, or distilled water (control). Subsequently, each group was divided into 3 subgroups. Each subgroup received a 14-day application of Opalescence (TM) Boost, Opalescence PF or VivaStyle (R) Paint On Plus bleaching materials. The color as well as surface microhardness and roughness of all specimens were determined at baseline, after staining and after bleaching. Data was analyzed using the repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Bonferroni method. Results. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the surface microhardness of the microhybrid composite specimens after bleaching (p < 0.05).The highest Delta E values were observed in the red wine groups for both composite resins. Conclusions. Staining and bleaching may affect surface properties and color, depending on the type, filler and matrix content of the composite resin

Propolis and its usage in animal nutrition

Propolis bal arıları tarafından çesitli bitki kaynaklarından toplanmıs reçinemsi materyalin genel adıdır. Propolisin tam olarak kompozisyonu kaynagına baglı olarak degisir. Genellikle propolis % 50 reçine ve bitki balsamı, % 30 balmumu, % 10 esansiyel yaglar, % 5 polen ve % 5 diger çesitli maddelerden olusur. Propolis, özellikle etonolik ektraktları, antioksidan, antibakteriyal, antifungal, antiviral ve hepatoprotektif etkileri ile genis spektrumlu aktivite gösterir, bu yüzden günümüzde diyet katkısı olarak propolisin kullanımı yaygındır. Propolisin antioksidadif, sitotoksik, anti mutagenik ve immünomodülatör özellikleri onun zengin flavonoid, fenolik asit ve terpenoid içeriklerinden kaynaklanır.Propolis is the general name for the resinous material collected by honeybees from various plant sources. The precise composition of propolis varies depending on its the source. In general, it is composed of 50 % resin and vegetable balsam, 30 % wax, 10 % essential oils, 5 % pollen and 5 % other various substances. Propolis, particularly ethanol extracts, exhibits a wide spectrum of activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and hepatoprotective effects, so that use of propolis as a dietary supplement is now widespread. Anti-oxidative, cytotoxic, anti-mutagenic and immunomodulatory properties of propolis is based on its rich flavonoid, phenolic acid and terpenoid contents

Propolis and its usage in animal nutrition

Propolis bal arıları tarafından çesitli bitki kaynaklarından toplanmıs reçinemsi materyalin genel adıdır. Propolisin tam olarak kompozisyonu kaynagına baglı olarak degisir. Genellikle propolis % 50 reçine ve bitki balsamı, % 30 balmumu, % 10 esansiyel yaglar, % 5 polen ve % 5 diger çesitli maddelerden olusur. Propolis, özellikle etonolik ektraktları, antioksidan, antibakteriyal, antifungal, antiviral ve hepatoprotektif etkileri ile genis spektrumlu aktivite gösterir, bu yüzden günümüzde diyet katkısı olarak propolisin kullanımı yaygındır. Propolisin antioksidadif, sitotoksik, anti mutagenik ve immünomodülatör özellikleri onun zengin flavonoid, fenolik asit ve terpenoid içeriklerinden kaynaklanır.Propolis is the general name for the resinous material collected by honeybees from various plant sources. The precise composition of propolis varies depending on its the source. In general, it is composed of 50 % resin and vegetable balsam, 30 % wax, 10 % essential oils, 5 % pollen and 5 % other various substances. Propolis, particularly ethanol extracts, exhibits a wide spectrum of activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and hepatoprotective effects, so that use of propolis as a dietary supplement is now widespread. Anti-oxidative, cytotoxic, anti-mutagenic and immunomodulatory properties of propolis is based on its rich flavonoid, phenolic acid and terpenoid contents

Chapter name: “The Effects of Propolis in Animals Exposed Oxidative Stress” (Chapter 13): "Oxidative Stress - Environmental Induction and Dietary Antioxidants"

Oxidative Stress is a general term used to describe the effect of oxidation in which an abnormal level of ROS, such as the free radicals (e.g. hydroxyl, nitric acid, superoxide) or the non-radicals (e.g. hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxide) lead of damage (called oxidative damage) to specific molecules with consequential injury to cells or tissue. Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or easily repair the resulting damage

Chapter name: “The Effects of Propolis in Animals Exposed Oxidative Stress” (Chapter 13): "Oxidative Stress - Environmental Induction and Dietary Antioxidants"

Oxidative Stress is a general term used to describe the effect of oxidation in which an abnormal level of ROS, such as the free radicals (e.g. hydroxyl, nitric acid, superoxide) or the non-radicals (e.g. hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxide) lead of damage (called oxidative damage) to specific molecules with consequential injury to cells or tissue. Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or easily repair the resulting damage

Bee products and its usage in animal nutrition

Arıcılık aktivitelerinden bal, polen, propolis, arı sütü ve arı zehiri gibi ürünler elde edilmektedir. Bu ürünler, halk arasında birçok hastalığın tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Apiterapi adı verilen arı ürünleri ile tedavi yöntemleri son zamanlarda gelişme göstermektedir. Antibakteriyel, antiviral, antikanserojen, antioksidan, antiromatizmal v.b. birçok etkisi araştırılmış bu ürünler hayvan besleme konusunda da son zamanlarda ilgi görmektedir. Bilindiği gibi antibiyotiklerin yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanımının yasaklanması sebebi ile antibiyotiğe alternatif doğal ürünlerin kullanımı yaygınlaşmaktadır. Propolis, polen, arı sütü ve arı zehiri ile yapılan çalışmalar göstermektedir ki bu ürünler hayvanların yem tüketimini, canlı ağırlığını ve yemden yararlanma oranını artırarak performans üzerinde olumlu etkiye sebep olabilmektedir. Arı ürünleri gelişmeyi artırıcı bu özellikleri ile alternatif ürün olarak kullanılabilecek doğal ürünlerdir. Bu derlemede başta propolis olmak üzere polen, arı sütü ve arı zehiri gibi doğal ürünlerin hayvan beslemede etkisinin araştırıldığı çalışmaların derlenerek kullanımları hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Products such as honey, pollen, propolis, royal jelly and bee venom are obtained from beekeeping activities. These products are used in the treatment of many diseases among the public. Treatment methods with bee products called apitherapy have recently been developing. Antibacterial, antiviral, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antirheumatic etc. researched many effects of these products have been investigated in animal nutrition has recently received interest. As it is known, the use of alternative natural products in antibiotics is becoming widespread because the use of antibiotics as feed additives is prohibited. Propolis, pollen, royal jelly and bee venom studies have shown that these products can increase the feed consumption, live weight and feed utilization rate of animals, which can have a positive effect on performance. Bee products are natural products that can be used as an alternative product with these properties that enhance development. In this review, it is aimed to give information about the use of natural products such as pollen, royal jelly and bee venom, especially propolis, in the animal feeding studies

Hipoksik Stres Uygulanan Gökkuşağı Alabalığı Yavrularının (Oncorhynchus mykiss W. 1792) Rasyonlarına Antioksidan Etkili Propolis Katkısının Bazı Kan Parametre Değerlerine Etkisi

Bu çalışmada, hipoksik stres (4,5 mgO2/l) uygulanan gökkuşağı alabalığı yavrularının rasyonlarına propolis katkısının bazı kan parametrelerine etkisi incelendi. Araştırmada 0, 10 ve 30 g/kg propolis katkılı rasyonlar hazırlanarak sırasıyla; kontrol, P10 ve P30 grupları oluşturuldu. Elde edilen analiz sonuçlarına göre propolis katkılı rasyonla beslenen balıkların kan toplam protein ve BUN değerlerinin kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde düşük (p<0,05), kan kolesterol, VLDL, trigliserit değerlerinin ise kontrol grubu değerlerine göre istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde yüksek olduğu belirlendi (p0,05)

Tuna Keleştemur G ., Tatlı Seven P., Yılmaz S.2012. Effects of Dietary Propolis and Vitamin E on Growth Performance and Antioxidant Status in Blood of Juvenıle Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Under Different Flow Rates. Zoologia ,

The present study investigated the effects of propolis and vitamin E supplementation in diets of juvenil rainbow trout subjected to two different flow rates with or without flow stress (0.9 and 2.1 l/min, respectively) on final weigth (FW), condition factor (CF), feed conservation ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and vitamin A, C and E concentrations and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum as well as plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The experimental groups were as follows: group C was fed a basal diet, group P10 was fed a basal diet supplemented with 10 g propolis/kg, group P30 was fed a basal diet supplemented with 30 g propolis/kg, group E60 was fed a basal diet supplemented with 60 mg vitamin E/kg. CF and PER were not different among all diets groups for both flow rate treatments (p > 0.05). The FCR improved in P10, P30 and E60 diet groups compared to C diet group at 2.1 l/min flow rate (p < 0.05). The FCR of E60 and P30 were found to be better than C and P10 diet groups at 0.9 l/min flow rate (p < 0.05). Vitamin E and propolis supplementations did not affect vitamin A concentration of serum for either flow rate (p > 0.05). Fish fed with diet E60 had higher serum vitamin E concentration than other groups (p < 0.05). Serum Vitamin C concentration was only affected by the propolis supplemented diets. MDA level of E60 group was found significantly lower comperad to other groups for both flow rate (p < 0.05). Plasma SOD activity significantly decreased in the E60 group compared to other groups at 2.1 l/min flow rate (p 0.05). KEY WORDS. Lipid peroxidation; rainbow trout; superoxide dismutase; vitamin E