70 research outputs found
Barrier protection via Toll-like receptor 2 signaling in porcine intestinal epithelial cells damaged by deoxynivalnol
Additional file 2. IPEC-J2 cells pretreated with TLR2 ligand maintained the expression of MCP-1, GM-CSF and TLR2 against DON exposure. IPEC-J2 cells pretreated with or without TLR2 ligand for 24 h were exposed to DON. (A) The bar graph showed the mRNA levels of porcine mcp-1, gm-csf measured using real time-PCR at 1 and 6 h after DON exposure (n = 3). (B) The mRNA levels of porcine tlr2 were measured using real-time quantitative PCR analysis at 6 h. NT represents no treatment. Expression of each mRNA was presented relative to the expression of housekeeping gene, gapdh (n = 3). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s posttest
Factors Influencing the Severity of Menopause Symptoms in Korean Post-menopausal Women
We have relatively limited knowledge of symptomatic aspects of the postmenopause, rather than perimenopause. We tried to determine the factors associated with experiencing menopausal symptoms by Korean postmenopausal women. A total of 657 Korean women who underwent a natural menopause completed multiple questionnaires, which included questions regarding their attitudes to menopause, depressive symptoms, state anxiety, self-esteem, dyadic relationships, sociodemographic variables, and 11-item Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Multiple regression analyses were performed to collectively examine the relative impact of each independent variable on the quality of life, as determined by the MRS. Decreased severity of menopausal symptoms was associated with more time spent in education, an employed status, a history of pregnancy, longer postmenopausal duration, positive attitudes to menopause, higher state anxiety, heightened self-esteem, and higher dyadic consensus. Increased severity of menopausal symptoms was also associated with absence of a partner, alcohol consumption, a history of hormone replacement therapy, a history of probable premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and increased severity of depressive symptoms. Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, attitudes to menopause, a dyadic relationship with a partner, and the inner psychological status can be associated with the severity of menopause symptoms specifically in Korean postmenopausal women
Drug-Eluting Stenting Followed by Cilostazol Treatment Reduces Late Restenosis in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus The DECLARE-DIABETES Trial (A Randomized Comparison of Triple Antiplatelet Therapy With Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation in Diabetic Patients)
ObjectivesWe sought to evaluate the impact of cilostazol on neointimal hyperplasia after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).BackgroundAlthough cilostazol has reduced the extent of neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis in patients after bare-metal stent implantation, it is not known whether this effect occurs after DES implantation in diabetic patients.MethodsThis randomized, multicenter, prospective study compared triple antiplatelet therapy (aspirin, clopidogrel, and cilostazol, triple group, n = 200) and dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel, standard group, n = 200) for 6 months in patients with DM receiving DES. The primary end point was in-stent late loss at 6 months.ResultsThe 2 groups had similar baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics. The in-stent (0.25 ± 0.53 mm vs. 0.38 ± 0.54 mm, p = 0.025) and in-segment (0.42 ± 0.50 mm vs. 0.53 ± 0.49 mm, p = 0.031) late loss were significantly lower in the triple versus standard group, as were 6-month in-segment restenosis (8.0% vs. 15.6%, p = 0.033) and 9-month target lesion revascularization (TLR) (2.5% vs. 7.0%, p = 0.034). At 9 months, major adverse cardiac events, including death, myocardial infarction, and TLR, tended to be lower in the triple than in the standard group (3.0% vs. 7.0%, p = 0.066). Multivariate analysis showed that sirolimus-eluting stents and the use of cilostazol were strong predictors of reduced restenosis or TLR.ConclusionsTriple antiplatelet therapy after DES implantation decreased angiographic restenosis and extent of late loss, resulting in a reduced risk of 9-month TLR compared with dual antiplatelet therapy in diabetic patients
Dynamic motile T cells highly respond to the T cell stimulation via PI3K-Akt and NF-κB pathways.
T lymphocytes (T cells) circulate from the blood into secondary lymphoid organs for immune surveillance. In this study, we hypothesized that circulating T cells are heterogeneous and can be grouped according to their differential migratory capacity in response to chemoattractants, rather than expressions of certain receptors or cytokines. We further hypothesized that, at least in part, this intrinsic difference in motility may be related to the T cell function. We established motile (m-T) and non-motile T (nm-T) cell lines based on their response to the chemokine SDF-1α. m-T cells showed more irregular and polarized morphologies than nm-T cells did. Interestingly, m-T cells produced higher levels of IL-2, a marker for T cell activation, than nm-T cells did after stimulation; however, no differences were observed in terms of surface expression of T cell receptors (TCR), adhesion molecules LFA-1 and ICAM-1, and chemokine receptor CXCR4. Both cell lines also showed similar membrane events (i.e., T cell-APC conjugation, LFA-1 accumulation at the immunological synapse, and TCR internalization). In contrast, PKC-θ, a downstream of PI3K-Akt pathway was constitutively activated in m-T cells and the activation was more prominent during T cell stimulation. Consequently, NF-κB activity was selectively upregulated in m-T cells. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate that T cells can be subcategorized on the basis of their intrinsic migratory capacity in relation to T cell activation
Heavy Alcohol Consumption with Alcoholic Liver Disease Accelerates Sarcopenia in Elderly Korean Males: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2010.
Although a few studies have reported that sarcopenia is associated with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), no studies have investigated this association in a large sample representative of the elderly Korean population.This was a cross-sectional study that used data from the Fourth and Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) on subjects aged 65 years and older. Sarcopenia was defined as a skeletal muscle index (SMI) more than 1 SD below the gender-specific mean for young adults; SMI was calculated as the appendicular muscle mass divided by height squared (ASM/Ht2). Heavy alcohol consumption was defined as consuming at least 210 g/week, and elevated liver enzymes were defined as alanine aminotransferase levels of at least 32 U/L or aspartate aminotransferase levels of at least 34 U/L. ALD was defined as heavy alcohol consumption and elevated liver enzymes.The mean age of the 1,151 elderly males was 71.6 ± 0.2 years, and the prevalence of heavy alcohol consumption was 11.8% (136 subjects). SMI did not differ between the non-heavy and heavy alcohol consumer groups (7.1 ± 0.0 kg/m2 vs. 7.3 ± 0.1 kg/m2, respectively, P = 0.145). However, after stratifying by the presence of liver disease and heavy alcohol consumption and adjusting for other confounders in the multivariate logistic regression, SMI was significantly lower among heavy alcohol consumers with ALD (all P < 0.05). Additionally, two-way ANOVA showed a significant interaction between heavy alcohol consumption and liver disease (P = 0.011).Sarcopenia was accelerated in the elderly male ALD group, with a significant interaction between alcohol consumption and liver disease
Transcription factor KLF10 constrains IL-17-committed Vγ4+ γδ T cells
γδ T cells, known to be an important source of innate IL-17 in mice, provide critical contributions to host immune responses. Development and function of γδ T cells are directed by networks of diverse transcription factors (TFs). Here, we examine the role of the zinc finger TFs, Kruppel-like factor 10 (KLF10), in the regulation of IL-17-committed CD27- γδ T (γδ27--17) cells. We found selective augmentation of Vγ4+ γδ27- cells with higher IL-17 production in KLF10-deficient mice. Surprisingly, KLF10-deficient CD127hi Vγ4+ γδ27--17 cells expressed higher levels of CD5 than their wild-type counterparts, with hyper-responsiveness to cytokine, but not T-cell receptor, stimuli. Thymic maturation of Vγ4+ γδ27- cells was enhanced in newborn mice deficient in KLF10. Finally, a mixed bone marrow chimera study indicates that intrinsic KLF10 signaling is requisite to limit Vγ4+ γδ27--17 cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that KLF10 regulates thymic development of Vγ4+ γδ27- cells and their peripheral homeostasis at steady state.
© 2018 Kim, Gu, Kim, Ko, Kye, Kim, Cho, Lee, Song, Chu, Park, Han and Yu
Digital 3D Local Growth of Iron Oxide Micro- and Nanorods by Laser-Induced Photothermal Chemical Liquid Growth
We
introduce laser growth of iron oxide micro and nanorods by the
photothermal chemical liquid growth method at low temperature, ambient
pressure, and solution environment. By focusing a 532 nm continuous-wave
laser on a Pt substrate immersed in iron oxide precursor solution,
vertically aligned iron oxide micro- and nanorods are successfully
fabricated with the length up to >100 μm, whereas the length
can be easily controlled by changing the laser power or the illumination
time. It is also found that the direction of the laser ray determines
the growth direction of the iron oxide micro- and nanorods, which
is the property that makes this process suitable for the fabrication
of complex 3D structures as confirmed by making an iron oxide junction
and kinked iron oxide microrod structure. Moreover, the resultant
iron oxide microrod is applied as a microtemplate for the growth of
nanostructure to show that this process can be further integrated
to other 3D structures to achieve trans-scale hierarchical structures
Mussel-Inspired Hyaluronic Acid Derivative Nanostructures for Improved Tumor Targeting and Penetration
An amphiphilic hyaluronic
acid-ceramide-dopamine (HACE-d) conjugate was prepared, and HACE-d-based
nanoparticles (NPs) including phloretin (as an inhibitor of glucose
transporter (GLUT1)) were fabricated. Mussel-inspired property of
d was introduced to HACE NPs, and it may improve tumor targetability
and penetration in addition to passive (based on enhanced permeability
and retention effect) and active (interaction between HA and CD44
receptor) tumor targeting effects. HACE-d/phloretin NPs with 279 nm
mean diameter, ∼0.2 polydispersity index, and −18 mV
zeta potential were successfully fabricated, and a sustained drug
release pattern was observed. HACE-d/phloretin NPs exhibited enhanced
cellular accumulation efficiency and antiproliferation property, compared
with HACE/phloretin NPs, in MDA-MB-231 cells (GLUT1 and CD44 receptor-expressed
human breast adenocarcinoma cells). In a MDA-MB-231 spheroid model,
HACE-d NPs group showed better tumor penetration efficiency and spheroid
growth inhibitory effect rather than HACE NPs group. According to
the optical imaging test in MDA-MB-231 tumor-xenografted mouse, HACE-d
NPs group exhibited more selective distribution in tumor region and
deeper infiltration into the inner part of tumor compared with HACE
NPs group. After intravenous injection, HACE-d/phloretin NPs group
also exhibited improved antitumor efficacies rather than the other
experimental groups in MDA-MB-231 tumor-xenografted mouse. All these
findings suggested that HACE-d/phloretin NP may be a promising tumor
targetable and penetrable nanosystem for the therapy and imaging of
GLUT1 and CD44 receptor-expressed cancers
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